Side Effects of ethacrynic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Ethacrynic acid is a loop diuretic used to treat edema caused by various conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. 22 It works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. 21 Ethacrynic acid has a rapid onset of action, with the diuretic effect starting within 30 minutes after oral administration and peaking around 2 hours. 8 It is considered to be more potent and faster-acting compared to other loop diuretics. 16 However, similar to other loop diuretics, ethacrynic acid can cause side effects. 8

Reasons for side effects

Side effects of ethacrynic acid are primarily attributed to fluid depletion and electrolyte imbalances caused by its strong diuretic action. 8 Additionally, ethacrynic acid can affect the auditory cells in the ear, potentially leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. 15 The exact mechanism of how ethacrynic acid affects auditory cells is still not fully understood, but it is believed to interfere with their energy metabolism or cell membrane function. 15

Common side effects

Dehydration

Due to its strong diuretic effect, ethacrynic acid can cause dehydration, leading to symptoms such as thirst, decreased urine output, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fatigue. 8

Electrolyte imbalance

Ethacrynic acid can disrupt the balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium. 8 Symptoms of electrolyte imbalance include muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, nausea, and vomiting. 8

Hearing loss

Ethacrynic acid can affect the auditory cells in the ear, potentially causing hearing loss and tinnitus. 15 Hearing loss is more likely to occur with higher doses or prolonged use of ethacrynic acid. 15

Liver damage

Ethacrynic acid can put a strain on the liver, potentially leading to liver damage. 3 Symptoms of liver damage include jaundice, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. 3

Side effect management

Dehydration

To prevent dehydration, it is crucial to drink plenty of fluids. 8 If dehydration persists despite adequate fluid intake, consult a doctor. 8

Electrolyte imbalance

To prevent electrolyte imbalances, it is essential to replenish electrolytes as instructed by your doctor. 8 If you experience any symptoms of electrolyte imbalance, consult your doctor immediately. 8

Hearing loss

To prevent hearing loss, your doctor may reduce the dose of ethacrynic acid or discontinue its use. 15 If you experience any symptoms of hearing loss, consult your doctor immediately. 15

Liver damage

Regular liver function tests are important to monitor for potential liver damage. 3 If you experience any symptoms of liver damage, consult your doctor immediately. 3

Comparison between studies

Common findings

Multiple studies have shown that ethacrynic acid is a potent and fast-acting diuretic. 16 8 Additionally, these studies consistently highlight the potential side effects of ethacrynic acid, including dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and hearing loss. 15 8

Differences between studies

The incidence and severity of side effects associated with ethacrynic acid may vary across different studies. 8 Individual sensitivity to these side effects can also vary from person to person. 8

Practical considerations

It is crucial to take ethacrynic acid only as prescribed by your doctor. 8 Do not adjust the dosage or stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor. 8 If you experience any symptoms that you suspect might be side effects of ethacrynic acid, seek medical attention immediately. 8

Limitations of current research

The mechanism of ethacrynic acid-induced hearing loss and the factors that make some individuals more susceptible to this side effect are still not fully understood. 15

Future research directions

Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of ethacrynic acid-induced hearing loss and identify ways to minimize the risk of this side effect. 15

Conclusion

Ethacrynic acid is a powerful and fast-acting diuretic, but it can cause side effects such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and hearing loss. 15 8 When taking ethacrynic acid, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions and seek medical attention promptly if you experience any adverse effects. 8

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
6
Article Type
3
0
0
5
23
1.

Common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor side effects in older adults associated with genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter and receptors: data from a randomized controlled trial.

Author: GarfieldLauren D, DixonDavid, NowotnyPetra, LotrichFrancis E, PollockBruce G, KristjanssonSean D, DoréPeter M, LenzeEric J

Antidepressant side effects

This study investigated the relationship between antidepressant side effects and genetic variations in the serotonin system in older adults experiencing anxiety. The research aimed to understand the impact of genetic variations on the effectiveness and tolerability of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Antidepressant side effects and their impact on treatment outcome in people with major depressive disorder: an iSPOT-D report.

Author: BraundTaylor A, TillmanGabriel, PalmerDonna M, GordonEvian, RushA John, HarrisAnthony W F

Depression treatment
Side effects
Treatment outcome

This study looks at the frequency, intensity, and burden of side effects associated with antidepressant medications in people with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study found that the burden of side effects was associated with poorer treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Ethacrynic Acid: A Promising Candidate for Drug Repurposing as an Anticancer Agent.

Author: YuLu, LeeHo, RhoSeung Bae, ParkMi Kyung, LeeChang Hoon

Cancer treatment
Drug repositioning
Hearing loss
Liver damage

Ethacrynic acid (ECA), a diuretic, has shown potential as an anticancer agent through a novel mechanism of action. This review examines the effects of ECA and its derivatives on cancer hallmarks and highlights the potential for further research into its use as an anticancer treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Target Fishing by Cross-Docking to Explain Polypharmacological Effects.

Author: PatelHitesh, LucasXavier, BendikIgor, GüntherStefan, MerfortIrmgard

Drug repositioning
Drug side effects

Ethacrynic acid, a diuretic, was predicted to bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, which may explain its hyperglycemic effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Activation of inflammasomes by agents causing idiosyncratic skin reactions: a possible biomarker.

Author: WestonJ Kyle, UetrechtJack

Idiosyncratic drug reactions

This study explores the link between inflammasome activation and idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) caused by chemically reactive drugs. It examined two pairs of similar drugs, finding that the drugs associated with skin reactions activated inflammasomes in THP-1 cells, while those not associated with skin reactions did not.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Functional Module Connectivity Map (FMCM): a framework for searching repurposed drug compounds for systems treatment of cancer and an application to colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Author: ChungFeng-Hsiang, ChiangYun-Ru, TsengAi-Lun, SungYung-Chuan, LuJean, HuangMin-Chang, MaNianhan, LeeHoong-Chien

Colorectal adenocarcinoma treatment
Harmful side effects

This study presents a novel method, Functional Module Connectivity Map (FMCM), for repurposing drugs for complex diseases, specifically colorectal adenocarcinoma. FMCM identifies promising drug candidates with minimal side effects and demonstrates its effectiveness in repurposing drug discovery for various diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Review: ototoxic characteristics of platinum antitumor drugs.

Author: DingDalian, AllmanBrian L, SalviRichard

Neurotoxicity
Ototoxicity

This review discusses the ototoxic and neurotoxic side effects of cisplatin, carboplatin, nedaplatin, and oxaliplatin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

The clinical pharmacology of ethacrynic acid.

Author: MolnarJanos, SombergJohn C

Edema treatment
Ototoxicity

Ethacrynic acid is an effective loop diuretic that rapidly reduces edema, particularly in patients allergic to sulfa drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

3-Methyleneoxindole: an affinity label of glutathione S-transferase pi which targets tryptophan 38.

Author: PettigrewN E, BrushE J, ColmanR F

Alkylating cancer drug efficacy enhancement
Cancer treatment
Toxic side effect minimization

This study investigated the interaction of 3-methyleneoxindole (MOI) with glutathione S-transferase (GST). MOI inactivated the pi class GST preferentially, suggesting potential for use in combination chemotherapy to enhance the efficacy of alkylating cancer drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

[Reduced nutritional status enhances ototoxicity].

Author: LautermannJ, SchachtJ

Improved model for compromised patients
Ototoxicity risk

Nutritional deficiency increased the severity of ototoxicity from cisplatin and gentamicin in guinea pigs.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : German

12.

Loop diuretic therapy in liver cirrhosis with ascites.

Author: LaffiG, La VillaG, CarloniV, FoschiM, BartolettiL, QuartiniM, GentiliniP

Ascites treatment
Diuretic side effects
Hypokalemia

Aldosterone antagonists are the first-choice drugs for medical treatment of ascites, as they are more effective than furosemide. Loop diuretics potentiate the effects of aldosterone antagonists. Diuretics can cause side effects, including prerenal azotemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and electrolyte and acid-base disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Drug-induced pancreatitis.

Author: MalloryA, KernF

Drug-induced pancreatitis

A review of the English-language literature identified several drugs that have been associated with pancreatitis, including azathioprine, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, oestrogens, and valproic acid. Pancreatitis is a rare complication of treatment with these drugs, and the pathogenesis is usually obscure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

[Acute drug-induced pancreatitis].

Author: DobrillaG, FelderM, ChiloviF

Drug-induced pancreatitis

A confirmed causal relationship between drug use and acute pancreatitis exists only for 8 drugs. The pathogenesis and histological lesions of drug-induced pancreatitis are briefly reviewed.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

15.

Noxious effects upon cochlear metabolism.

Author: ThalmannR, ThalmannI, IseI, PaloheimoS

Cochlear damage
Ototoxicity

Drugs with ototoxic side effects interfere with membrane processes of the cochlea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

16.

[Comparative study on the saluretic activity of etacrynic acid and BAY g 2821 in patients with cardiac decompensation (author's transl)].

Author: KleinW, PassathA, HarpfH, DýckaJ

Effective diuretic
Few side effects
Rapid onset

BAY g 2821, a novel diuretic agent, showed a rapid onset of action and greater efficacy than etacrynic acid in patients with cardiac decompensation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

17.

Diuretic effects of Bay g 2821 in patients with advanced renal failure.

Author: RöckelA

Diuresis

Bay g 2821 is an effective diuretic in patients with advanced renal failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

[Long-range therapy of hypertension].

Author: SzámI, RadóJ, TakóJ

Hypertension treatment
No kidney blood supply reduction
Haemolytic anaemia

Alpha-methyldopa was found to be effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

20.

[Benzbromarone in the treatment of hyperuricemias].

Author: RaveraR

Hyperuricaemia treatment

Benzbromarone is a synthetic benzofurane that can effectively lower uric acid levels in patients with hyperuricemia. It was shown to be effective in patients with gout, secondary forms of hyperuricemia, and renal insufficiency. Benzbromarone may have some effect on the metabolic pathways that degrade purines to uric acid. While the drug was well-tolerated, its effects ceased on suspension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

22.

Diuretics in cardiac edema--1969.

Author: ShanoffH M

Control cardiac edema
Dangerous side effects

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

[The therapy of edematous diseases].

Author: WerningC

Edema treatment
Diuretic side effects
Mineralocorticoid antagonist side effects

This paper discusses the pathogenesis of various edematous diseases, including cardiac, hepatic, renal, and idiopathic edemas. The therapy of edematous diseases is also discussed, including the effects, side effects, indications, and contraindications of diuretics and mineralocorticoid antagonists.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

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