Side Effects of fluticasone oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 31 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Fluticasone inhalers are effective for treating asthma, but they can have side effects, especially if used at higher doses. Some studies have shown that fluticasone inhalers may be associated with an increased risk of oral candidiasis, hoarseness, and pharyngitis. 29 , 18 Fluticasone may also have a greater impact on cortisol levels compared to other inhaled corticosteroids like ciclesonide. 14 However, studies on the effect of fluticasone on bone density have been inconclusive, with some suggesting a potential for bone thinning. 2 Additionally, research indicates a possible association between long-term use of fluticasone and impaired glucose tolerance, especially in children. 12

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of fluticasone inhalers are linked to the drug's absorption into the bloodstream. While inhaled corticosteroids are designed to target the lungs, some amount of the medication can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. This can lead to various side effects throughout the body.

Common Side Effects

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

One of the most common side effects of fluticasone inhalers is oral candidiasis. This fungal infection occurs when Candida fungi overgrow in the mouth, often due to the medication's deposition in the oral cavity. 29 , 28 It can cause white patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, along with pain and soreness.

Hoarseness

Hoarseness is another frequent side effect, often caused by irritation of the vocal cords. 29 This can make it difficult to speak clearly or comfortably.

Pharyngitis (Sore Throat)

Fluticasone inhalers may cause pharyngitis, or a sore throat, potentially due to irritation of the throat lining. 18

Cortisol Suppression

Fluticasone, as a corticosteroid, can suppress the production of cortisol, a hormone crucial for stress response and metabolism. This suppression is more pronounced with higher doses and may lead to adrenal insufficiency in some cases. 14 While not always a major concern, it's worth noting that individuals on higher fluticasone doses might experience increased susceptibility to stress and require careful monitoring.

Bone Density Changes

While some studies have suggested a potential for decreased bone density with high doses of fluticasone, 2 the overall evidence is inconclusive. This issue requires further research to determine the extent of any negative impact on bone health.

Glucose Tolerance Impairment

Long-term use of fluticasone, especially in higher doses, has been linked to impaired glucose tolerance, particularly in children. 12 This potential side effect warrants careful monitoring of blood sugar levels in patients on long-term fluticasone therapy.

Side Effect Countermeasures

Oral Candidiasis

To minimize the risk of oral candidiasis, it's recommended to rinse your mouth with water after each inhalation of fluticasone. This helps remove any medication residue that might have settled in the mouth. If oral candidiasis develops, antifungal medication may be prescribed by a doctor.

Hoarseness

If hoarseness occurs, consulting with your doctor is important. They may adjust your dosage or recommend techniques to improve inhaler use to reduce throat irritation.

Comparison of Studies

Common Points of Studies

A majority of studies agree that fluticasone inhalers are effective in managing asthma, but also highlight the presence of potential side effects.

Differences in Studies

The specific side effects observed and their severity can vary between studies. Factors like dosage, individual sensitivity, and co-existing conditions can influence the likelihood and intensity of side effects.

Real-Life Application Precautions

While fluticasone inhalers can be beneficial for asthma management, it's crucial to use them responsibly. Always follow your doctor's instructions carefully, including dosage and inhalation technique. If you experience any side effects, report them to your healthcare provider.

Limitations of Current Research

Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term impact of fluticasone inhalers. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to establish more conclusive data on potential long-term side effects.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on developing more targeted fluticasone delivery systems to minimize systemic absorption and side effects. Additionally, exploring alternative asthma treatments that might be less likely to cause specific side effects is essential.

Conclusion

Fluticasone inhalers are valuable for treating asthma but, like all medications, carry potential side effects. Always discuss your concerns with your doctor and follow their guidance regarding dosage and usage. More research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of fluticasone inhalers and to develop safer and more effective asthma therapies.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
CMV infection
1
Asthma treatment
3
Asthma control
4
High lung deposition
Low systemic absorption
5
Asthma treatment
Rhinitis treatment
6
Improved understanding of pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment
7
Allergic rhinosinusitis treatment
Asthma treatment
COPD treatment
8
Effective asthma treatment
Reduced asthma exacerbations
9
Reduced clinical signs
Well tolerated
10
Asthma treatment
COPD treatment
11
Treatment of inflammatory disorders
12
Asthma treatment
Improved lung function
13
Asthma symptom control
Exacerbation frequency reduction
Quality of life improvement
14
Asthma control
Improved lung function
Quality of life
Symptom control
15
Reduced wheeze symptoms
16
Effective asthma control
17
Fluticasone more effective than others
18
asthma treatment
19
High local effects
Low systemic bioavailability
Persistent asthma treatment
20
Improve PEF
21
Treat pulmonary diseases
22
Asthma treatment
Cortisol suppression prediction
23
Initial cough improvement
24
Asthma control
Attenuated COPD decline
Improved COPD quality of life
Improved lung function
Reduced COPD exacerbations
Reduced asthma exacerbations
25
Asthma exacerbation treatment
26
Asthma treatment
27
Improved lung function
Reduced asthma symptoms
Reduced steroid dependence
28
Improved lung function
Reduced steroid dependence
29
Clinical symptom improvement
EoE treatment
Eosinophilic inflammation reduction
30
Inhaled drug efficacy
31
Risk Keywords
Side effects
1
Bone density reduction
2
Systemic side effects
3
Steroid side effects
4
Local side effects
Systemic side effects
5
Diabetes control
Diabetes risk
8
Oral candidiasis
9
Side effects from oral corticosteroids
10
Oropharyngeal disorders
11
Impaired glucose tolerance
12
Side effects
13
Steroid-related side effects
14
No significant side effects
15
No significant growth impact
16
Adrenal suppression
Altered bone metabolism
Growth retardation
17
Fluticasone higher risk of pharyngitis
18
osteoporosis
19
Dysphonia
Oral candidiasis
20
Changes in appetite
Mood changes
Sleep disturbance
21
Cortisol suppression
23
Long-term relapse
Pituitary-adrenal inhibition
24
Bone mineral density reduction
Dysphonia
Easy bruising
Growth velocity reduction
Hoarseness
Oral candidiasis
25
Side effects
26
Avascular necrosis
27
Hoarseness
Oral candidiasis
Sore throat
28
Oropharyngeal side effects
29
Candida esophagitis
Oral candidiasis
30
Literature analysis of 31 papers
Positive Content
28
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
4
2
6
15
30
1.

[Comparison of therapeutic effect of different doses of ganciclovir for neonatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection].

Author: HeXiao-Ri, ChenPing-Yang, WangTao, XieZong-De, HuJin-Tao, BoTao, GeJian-Fang

CMV infection
Side effects

This study compared the efficacy and side effects of relatively low and high doses of ganciclovir in the treatment of neonatal congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : Chinese

2.

Effect of high-dose fluticasone propionate on bone density and metabolism in children with asthma.

Author: GriffithsAmanda L, SimDerrick, StraussBoyd, RoddaChristine, ArmstrongDavid, FreezerNicholas

Bone density reduction

Inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) is a commonly used medication for asthma. This study found that high-dose inhaled FP did not significantly affect bone metabolism or bone mineral density in children with asthma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

The role of corticosteroids in the management of childhood asthma.

Author: van Asperen PeterP, MellisCraig M, SlyPeter D,

Asthma control
Steroid side effects

Inhaled corticosteroids are effective for treating asthma in children, while systemic corticosteroids are used for acute asthma attacks.

GuidelineRecommendations and best practices developed by experts for healthcare professionals to refer to when making clinical judgments and providing care.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.

Language : English

5.

[Ciclesonide in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma].

Author: TargowskiTomasz, PłusaTadeusz, GrabowskaPatrycja

High lung deposition
Low systemic absorption
Local side effects
Systemic side effects

Ciclesonide, a novel inhaled glucocorticosteroid, offers comparable efficacy to fluticasone with a lower risk of side effects. This is due to its high lung deposition and low systemic absorption.

EditorialAn article in which the editor or publisher expresses their opinion or perspective on a particular topic or issue. Its purpose is to convey a specific message or idea to the reader.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.

Language : Polish

6.

A review of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of inhaled fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate.

Author: CrimC, PierreL N, Daley-YatesP T

Asthma treatment
Rhinitis treatment

Fluticasone propionate is a corticosteroid used for the treatment of rhinitis and asthma. This abstract introduces mometasone furoate, a closely related corticosteroid, and its potential as an oral inhalation treatment for asthma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

Corticosteroids for pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Author: ParamothayanN S, JonesP W

Improved understanding of pulmonary sarcoidosis treatment

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a common condition with an unpredictable course. While corticosteroids (oral or inhaled) are often used to treat it, there is no agreement on when, how much, or how long to use them. Since long-term corticosteroid use can have negative side effects, researchers are investigating whether these medications provide any lasting benefit for pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Inhaled corticosteroid doses in asthma: an evidence-based approach.

Author: PowellHeather, GibsonPeter G

Effective asthma treatment
Reduced asthma exacerbations
Oral candidiasis

Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective in treating asthma, with a relatively flat dose-response curve. However, the dose-response curve for side effects is steep, with a higher risk of oral candidiasis at higher doses. Clinicians should carefully consider the appropriate dose of inhaled corticosteroids for each patient.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Management of 13 cases of canine respiratory disease using inhaled corticosteroids.

Author: BexfieldN H, FoaleR D, DavisonL J, WatsonP J, SkellyB J, HerrtageM E

Reduced clinical signs
Well tolerated
Side effects from oral corticosteroids

Inhaled corticosteroids were effective in reducing or resolving clinical signs of chronic bronchitis and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs. Inhaled corticosteroids may reduce side effects associated with oral corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Prevalence and associated factors of oropharyngeal side effects in users of inhaled corticosteroids in a real-life setting.

Author: MolimardMathieu, Le GrosVincent, RobinsonPhilip, BourdeixIsabelle

Asthma treatment
COPD treatment
Oropharyngeal disorders

Oropharyngeal disorders are common in users of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with a prevalence of 34.7%. COPD indication, higher nominal daily dose, decreased adherence, and the use of fluticasone were associated with an increased risk of oropharyngeal disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of fluticasone propionate and sodium cromoglycate for the treatment of childhood asthma (an open parallel group study).

Author: PriceJ F, WellerP H

Asthma treatment
Improved lung function
Side effects

Fluticasone propionate (FP) was found to be more effective than sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in treating mild-to-moderate asthma in children aged 4-12 years. FP significantly improved peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), the number of symptom-free days and nights, compared to SCG. However, there was no significant difference in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or the use of relief medication between the two groups.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids relative to fluticasone propionate: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in asthma.

Author: YeoSee-Hwee, AggarwalBhumika, ShantakumarSumitra, MulgirigamaAruni, Daley-YatesPeter

Asthma symptom control
Exacerbation frequency reduction
Quality of life improvement
Steroid-related side effects

Inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) was found to be as effective or more effective than other inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in treating asthma. FP was comparable to beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide (BUD) in terms of efficacy and safety. Although there were no significant differences between FP and ciclesonide (CIC) in terms of efficacy, CIC had a smaller impact on cortisol levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Twelve-month safety and efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate in children aged 1 to 3 years with recurrent wheezing.

Author: BisgaardHans, AllenDavid, MilanowskiJanusz, KalevIlia, WillitsLisa, DaviesPatricia

Reduced wheeze symptoms
No significant growth impact

This study compared the safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate (FP) and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in treating recurrent wheeze in children aged 1 to 3 years. The results showed that FP had no significant effect on growth and was well-tolerated. FP was more efficacious than SCG, with fewer symptom exacerbations and greater symptom-free days.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

[Effectiveness and safety of fluticasone propionate in therapy of children suffering from asthma. Part II. Safety aspects of therapy with fluticasone propionate in asthmatic children].

Author: Bartkowiak-EmerykMałgorzta, BreborowiczAnna, EmerykAndrzej, KulusMarek, KurzawaRyszard, LisGrzegorz, MazurekHenryk, NiedzielaMarek

Effective asthma control
Adrenal suppression
Altered bone metabolism
Growth retardation

This paper discussed the systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate, a glucocorticoid, including its influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, growth, and bone metabolism. While adrenal suppression was observed even at low doses, clinical significance remains unknown. The recommended doses of fluticasone propionate for up to two years did not cause growth retardation. Fluticasone propionate may transiently alter bone metabolism, but it is not associated with decreased bone mineral density or osteoporosis.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Polish

18.

Inhaled fluticasone versus inhaled beclomethasone or inhaled budesonide for chronic asthma.

Author: AdamsN, BestallJ M, LassersonT J, JonesP W

Fluticasone more effective than others
Fluticasone higher risk of pharyngitis

Fluticasone propionate (FP) given at half the daily dose of beclomethasone or budesonide resulted in small improvements in measures of airway caliber, but it may have a higher risk of causing side effects when given at the same daily dose.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone.

Author: BootsmaG P, DekhuijzenP N, FestenJ, van HerwaardenC L

asthma treatment
osteoporosis

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are effective for asthma treatment, but concerns exist regarding potential systemic effects, particularly on bone. While some studies suggest decreases in bone density, the clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Doubling daily inhaled corticosteroid dose is ineffective in mild to moderately severe attacks of asthma in adults.

Author: Rice-McDonaldG, BowlerS, StainesG, MitchellC

Improve PEF
Changes in appetite
Mood changes
Sleep disturbance

A study compared the effectiveness of doubling inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose, maintaining usual ICS dose, and using oral steroids in treating asthma exacerbations in adults. Doubling the ICS dose was not effective, while oral steroids were effective but had common side effects. The study suggests a review of current asthma guidelines is warranted.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach to predict the cumulative cortisol suppression of inhaled corticosteroids.

Author: MeibohmB, HochhausG, MöllmannH, BarthJ, WagnerM, KriegM, StöckmannR, DerendorfH

Asthma treatment
Cortisol suppression prediction
Cortisol suppression

This study developed a PK/PD model to predict the cumulative cortisol suppression (CCS) associated with inhaled corticosteroid therapy. The model accurately predicted CCS after single and multiple doses of various inhaled corticosteroids, suggesting its utility in comparing different dosing regimens and steroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Long-term follow-up in dogs with idiopathic eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy treated with inhaled steroid therapy.

Author: CanonneA M, BolenG, PeetersD, BillenF, ClercxC

Initial cough improvement
Long-term relapse
Pituitary-adrenal inhibition

Fluticasone monotherapy initially improved cough in most dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy, but long-term treatment was less effective. Two dogs experienced pituitary-adrenal axis inhibition after more than 2 years of treatment, and one dog developed clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism. Larger, randomized studies comparing fluticasone to oral corticosteroids are needed to determine the optimal long-term treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Pharmacological strategies for self-management of asthma exacerbations.

Author: ReddelH K, BarnesD J,

Asthma exacerbation treatment
Side effects

Pharmacological strategies for self-management of asthma exacerbations in adults were reviewed. Oral corticosteroids are well-established for severe exacerbations, while high-dose inhaled corticosteroids may be beneficial for some patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

Aseptic femoral head necrosis in a patient receiving long term courses of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids.

Author: KarkouliasKiriakos, CharokoposNikos, KaparianosAlexander, SampsonasFotis, TsiamitaMaria, SpiropoulosKostas

Asthma treatment
Avascular necrosis

A rare case of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with long-term inhaled fluticasone propionate and intranasal triamcinolone acetonide is reported. While fluticasone is generally considered safer than other inhaled steroids due to its lower systemic bioavailability, potential systemic side effects like adrenal insufficiency, growth suppression, glaucoma, and osteoporosis remain a concern.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

28.

Inhaled fluticasone versus placebo for chronic asthma in adults and children.

Author: AdamsN P, BestallJ C, LassersonT J, JonesP W

Improved lung function
Reduced asthma symptoms
Reduced steroid dependence
Hoarseness
Oral candidiasis
Sore throat

Fluticasone propionate is an effective inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of chronic asthma, with a dose-response effect observed. Higher doses were associated with greater oral candidiasis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

29.

Inhaled fluticasone propionate for chronic asthma.

Author: AdamsN, BestallJ, JonesP W

Improved lung function
Reduced steroid dependence
Oropharyngeal side effects

Fluticasone propionate was effective in treating chronic asthma, with a dose-response effect up to 1000mcg/day. Higher doses were associated with oral candidiasis and other oropharyngeal side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

Eosinophilic esophagitis--treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with drugs: corticosteroids.

Author: von ArnimUlrike, MalfertheinerPeter

Clinical symptom improvement
EoE treatment
Eosinophilic inflammation reduction
Candida esophagitis
Oral candidiasis

This review discusses the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) with topical corticosteroids (tCS), the first-line therapy for this chronic immune-mediated esophageal disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

31.

Repurposing drugs as inhaled therapies in asthma.

Author: AndersonSandra D

Inhaled drug efficacy

Inhaled medications have revolutionized asthma treatment, offering targeted delivery and reducing systemic side effects. Early studies comparing oral and inhaled beta2 agonists demonstrated the superiority of inhaled treatment in preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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