Side Effects of ketoconazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 31 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Side Effects of ketoconazole
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of ketoconazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 31 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Side Effects of ketoconazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 31 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the side effects of ketoconazole.

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of ketoconazole are mainly related to the drug's metabolic pathway. Ketoconazole is metabolized in the liver and excreted from the body. However, this metabolic process can sometimes produce metabolites that are harmful to the liver. Ketoconazole is also known to inhibit the function of various enzymes. This enzyme-inhibiting action can inhibit the metabolism of other drugs or alter hormone secretion. It is believed that these mechanisms cause various side effects.

Common Side Effects

Liver Damage

Ketoconazole can have adverse effects on the liver. 30 reports liver damage as a side effect of ketoconazole. Liver damage is said to occur in about 1 in 10,000 people who take ketoconazole. Symptoms of liver damage include jaundice, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. If you suspect liver damage, consult a doctor immediately.

Endocrine Disorders

Ketoconazole can alter hormone secretion. 30 reports that ketoconazole can suppress the secretion of male hormones. Symptoms of endocrine disorders include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and breast enlargement. If you suspect an endocrine disorder, consult a doctor immediately.

Drug Interactions

Ketoconazole can interact with other drugs. 6 suggests that the combination of ketoconazole and statins may cause rhabdomyolysis. Also, 28 reports that ketoconazole inhibits the synthesis of adrenal corticosteroids. Caution is required regarding drug interactions when taking ketoconazole. Tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking before taking ketoconazole.

Other Side Effects

In addition to the above, ketoconazole can cause various side effects. 10 reports neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal side effects, and hepatotoxicity as side effects of ketoconazole. Also, 1 reports gastrointestinal side effects, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and endocrine disorders as side effects of ketoconazole. If you experience any changes in your health while taking ketoconazole, consult a doctor immediately.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Liver Damage

Regular blood tests to check liver function are necessary to reduce the risk of liver damage. It is important to avoid alcohol and fatty foods to reduce the burden on the liver. Consult a doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of liver damage.

Endocrine Disorders

Regular hormone testing to check hormone levels is necessary to reduce the risk of endocrine disorders. Consult a doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of an endocrine disorder.

Drug Interactions

To reduce the risk of drug interactions, tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking before taking ketoconazole. It is also important to consult with a pharmacist and confirm any drug interactions.

Other Side Effects

Consult a doctor immediately if you experience other side effects. You may be instructed to stop taking the medication or adjust the dosage according to your doctor's instructions.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have reported that ketoconazole can cause side effects such as liver damage, endocrine disorders, and drug interactions.

Differences Between Studies

The types and frequencies of side effects reported in each study vary. This is thought to be due to differences in study methods and subjects. In addition, the occurrence rate and severity of side effects may change depending on the combination of ketoconazole with other drugs.

Precautions for Applying Research to Real Life

Ketoconazole is an effective medication for treating a variety of fungal infections. However, ketoconazole can cause various side effects. It is important to understand the risks and benefits of ketoconazole and discuss its use with your doctor. Special caution is needed for people with liver problems or those taking other medications. Consult a doctor immediately if you experience any changes in your health while taking ketoconazole.

Current Limitations of Research

Research on the side effects of ketoconazole is not yet fully established. There are still many unknown aspects, especially regarding long-term side effects. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety of ketoconazole.

Future Research Directions

The following research is considered necessary to advance research on the side effects of ketoconazole.

  • Research on the long-term safety of ketoconazole
  • Research on the mechanisms of ketoconazole side effects
  • Research on methods to reduce the side effects of ketoconazole

Conclusion

Ketoconazole is an effective medication for treating a variety of fungal infections, but it can cause various side effects, such as liver damage, endocrine disorders, and drug interactions. When taking ketoconazole, it is important to understand the risks and benefits and discuss its use with your doctor. Research on the side effects of ketoconazole is not yet fully established. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety of ketoconazole.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Cortisol control
1
Mild adverse effects
PSA decline
3
Immune modulation
4
Pharmaceutical priority list
5
Ketoconazole detection
7
Limited toxicity
PSA reduction
8
Antifungal activity
Synergistic activity
9
Improved survival in prostate cancer
10
Potent cortisol inhibitor
11
Anticancer agent
12
Drug interaction assessment
13
Control of hypercortisolism
16
Antifungal drug efficacy
17
Cushing's disease treatment
18
Chronic myeloid leukemia treatment
19
Treatment of dermatomycosis
20
Antifungal treatment
21
Hair loss treatment
22
Cushing's syndrome treatment
23
Onychomycosis treatment
24
Personalized treatment
25
Dandruff treatment
26
RIP prevention
27
Adrenal steroidogenesis
Drug effects
28
CPT-11 side effects
29
Treats fungal infections
30
marrubiin
pharmacological effects
31
Risk Keywords
Limited data
1
Adverse events
Drug monitoring
2
Anemia
Gynecomastia
Hepatotoxicity
Nausea and vomiting
Neutropenia
3
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalciuria
4
Rhabdomyolysis
6
Long-QT syndrome
Ventricular arrhythmias
7
Anemia
Fatality
Thrombocytopenia
8
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
10
Side effects
11
Genotoxic side effects
12
Advanced solid tumors
Anemia
Diarrhea
Hepatic function abnormal
Leukopenia
Nausea
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Vomiting
14
Hepatotoxicity
15
Delayed surgery
Side effects
16
Drug side effects
18
Bone metabolism issues
Vitamin D3 metabolism issues
19
Death
Drug interactions
Endocrine dysregulation
Hepatotoxicity
21
Side effects
23
Dermatitis
Erythema
Exfoliation
Ingrown toenail
24
Side effects
25
Nausea and vomiting
27
Liver changes
Testosterone inhibition
30
marrubiin hepatotoxicity
31
Literature analysis of 31 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
5
Article Type
2
0
1
5
30
1.

Updates on the role of adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing's syndrome: a focus on novel therapies.

Author: FleseriuMaria, CastinettiFrederic

Cortisol control
Limited data

This review aimed to better characterize the efficacy and safety profiles of adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS), particularly Cushing's disease (CD).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

How best to monitor the specific side effects of medical treatments of Cushing's disease.

Author: CastinettiFrederic

Adverse events
Drug monitoring

This review focuses on adverse events associated with medical treatments for Cushing's disease and provides guidance on monitoring and treating them.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Weakness and pain in arms and legs · dark urine · history of vertebral osteomyelitis · Dx?

Author: CharokoposAntonios, MuhammadTariq, SurbhiSidana, BrateanuAndrei

Rhabdomyolysis

Statins are drugs commonly used to lower cholesterol. They can cause a rare but serious side effect called rhabdomyolysis. This case report describes a patient who developed statin-induced rhabdomyolysis after taking fluconazole, a drug that can inhibit the metabolism of statins.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

7.

Spectrophotometric study of ketoconazole binding with citrate capped silver nanoparticles and its monitoring in human plasma samples.

Author: Pashazadeh-PanahiParia, HasanzadehMohammad, Eivazzadeh-KeihanReza

Ketoconazole detection
Long-QT syndrome
Ventricular arrhythmias

A colorimetric probe based on citrate capped silver nanoparticles was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of ketoconazole, an antifungal medication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effective oral combination metronomic chemotherapy with low toxicity for the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Author: JellvertAsa, LissbrantIngela Franck, EdgrenMaliha, OvferholmElisabeth, BraideKarin, OlvenmarkAnn-Marie Ekelund, KindblomJon, AlbertssonPer, LennernäsBo

Limited toxicity
PSA reduction
Anemia
Fatality
Thrombocytopenia

This pilot study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a chemo-hormonal treatment regimen called KEES in patients with chemonaive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The study found that KEES resulted in a clear reduction in PSA with limited toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

[Inhibitors of androgen and estrogen biosynthesis in castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Author: OmlinA, GillessenS

Improved survival in prostate cancer
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Hypokalemia

Abiraterone acetate, an androgen synthesis inhibitor, significantly improved overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who progressed after chemotherapy compared to prednisone alone.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

11.

Osilodrostat Is a Potential Novel Steroidogenesis Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cushing Syndrome: An In Vitro Study.

Author: CreemersSara G, FeeldersRichard A, de JongFrank H, FranssenGaston J H, de RijkeYolanda B, van KoetsveldPeter M, HoflandLeo J

Potent cortisol inhibitor
Side effects

Osilodrostat, a potent cortisol production inhibitor, showed comparable efficacy to metyrapone in human adrenocortical cells.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Role of cytochromes P450 and peroxidases in metabolism of the anticancer drug ellipticine: additional evidence of their contribution to ellipticine activation in rat liver, lung and kidney.

Author: StiborovaMarie, MoserovaMichaela, MrazovaBarbora, KotrbovaVera, FreiEva

Anticancer agent
Genotoxic side effects

Ellipticine is an anticancer agent whose effectiveness is dependent on its activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and peroxidase enzymes. This study investigated the role of these enzymes in ellipticine activation in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

A functional model for feline P-glycoprotein.

Author: van BeusekomC D, LangeR, SchrickxJ A

Drug interaction assessment

This study established a functional assay to measure the inhibitory potential of veterinary drugs on feline P-gp.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Impact of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of trabectedin in patients with advanced malignancies: open-label, multicenter studies.

Author: MachielsJean-Pascal, StaddonArthur, HerremansCatherine, KeungChi, BernardApexa, PhelpsCharles, KhokharNushmia Z, KnoblauchRoland, ParekhTrilok V, DirixLuc, SharmaSunil

Advanced solid tumors
Anemia
Diarrhea
Hepatic function abnormal
Leukopenia
Nausea
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Vomiting

Coadministration of rifampin or ketoconazole alters the pharmacokinetics of trabectedin. While no new safety signals were observed, coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers should be avoided if possible. If coadministration with a CYP3A4 inhibitor is required, close monitoring for toxicities is recommended.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

CYP3A Activation and Glutathione Depletion Aggravate Emodin-Induced Liver Injury.

Author: JiangLi-Long, JiangYan, ZhaoDong-Sheng, FanYa-Xi, YuQiong, LiPing, LiHui-Jun

Hepatotoxicity

Emodin, a natural product found in herbal medicines, can cause liver damage. Studies show that emodin's toxicity is increased when CYP3A is activated and glutathione (GSH) is depleted. This information can help to identify risk factors and understand the mechanism of emodin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Melanins Protect Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii from the Antifungal Effects of Terbinafine.

Author: Almeida-PaesRodrigo, Figueiredo-CarvalhoMaria Helena Galdino, Brito-SantosFábio, Almeida-SilvaFernando, OliveiraManoel Marques Evangelista, Zancopé-OliveiraRosely Maria

Antifungal drug efficacy

This study investigates the impact of Sporothrix melanins on the efficacy of antifungal drugs. While melanin precursors did not significantly affect the antifungal susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii strains, inhibitors of melanin synthesis showed increased susceptibility to terbinafine in some strains.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Medical management of Cushing's disease: what is the future?

Author: FleseriuMaria, PetersennStephan

Cushing's disease treatment
Drug side effects

Mifepristone and pasireotide are promising drugs for the medical treatment of Cushing's disease (CD).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Inhibitory effects of imatinib on vitamin D₃ synthesis in human keratinocytes.

Author: MehligLysann Michaela, GarveClaudia, TauerJosephine Tabea, SuttorpMeinolf, BauerAndrea

Chronic myeloid leukemia treatment
Bone metabolism issues
Vitamin D3 metabolism issues

This study investigated the influence of imatinib on vitamin D3 metabolism in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

The Rise and Fall of Oral Ketoconazole.

Author: GuptaAditya K, LyonsDanika C A

Antifungal treatment
Death
Drug interactions
Endocrine dysregulation
Hepatotoxicity

Ketoconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal medication, was once widely used but has been subject to a review due to concerns about serious side effects, including hepatotoxicity, endocrine dysregulation, drug interactions, and even death.

Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Pharmacological management of severe Cushing's syndrome: the role of etomidate.

Author: PenceAndrea, McGrathMegan, LeeStephanie L, RainesDouglas E

Cushing's syndrome treatment
Side effects

This review discusses the development of etomidate as a treatment for Cushing's syndrome (CS). Etomidate, an anesthetic agent, inhibits cortisol production and may be used to manage CS, but its sedative-hypnotic effects limit its use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

An upcoming drug for onychomycosis: Tavaborole.

Author: SharmaNeha, SharmaDhruva

Onychomycosis treatment
Dermatitis
Erythema
Exfoliation
Ingrown toenail

Tavaborole, a novel oxaborole antifungal agent, offers a promising treatment option for onychomycosis, with a low side effect profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

The myrtus communis L. solution versus ketoconazole shampoo in treatment of dandruff: A double blinded randomized clinical trial.

Author: ChaijanMahsa Rostami, HandjaniFarhad, ZarshenasMohammadmehdi, RahimabadiMassih Sedigh, TavakkoliAli

Dandruff treatment

Myrtus communis L. solution was effective in treating dandruff, demonstrating comparable efficacy to ketoconazole.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

28.

Usefulness of Simultaneous Measurement of Plasma Steroids, Including Precursors, for the Evaluation of Drug Effects on Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Rats.

Author: TochitaniTomoaki, YamashitaAkihito, MatsumotoIzumi, KouchiMami, FujiiYuta, MiyawakiIzuru, YamadaToru, BandoKiyoko

Adrenal steroidogenesis
Drug effects

Simultaneous measurement of plasma steroids, including precursors, can be a valuable method to evaluate drug effects on adrenal steroidogenesis and investigate underlying mechanisms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

29.

Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole against Human Carboxylesterase 2.

Author: ZhaoTingting, WangDalong, ZhaoShan, ChenJing, DouTongyi, GeGuangbo, WangChangyuan, MengQiang, SunHuijun, LiuKexin, WuJingjing

CPT-11 side effects

This study found that clotrimazole, an antifungal agent, strongly inhibited the activity of human liver microsome hCE2, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of several anti-cancer drugs. Ketoconazole also inhibited hCE2, but to a lesser extent.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

30.

[Side effects of ketoconazole].

Author: HanekeE

Treats fungal infections
Liver changes
Testosterone inhibition

Ketoconazole, a new antimycotic, is generally well tolerated. Liver changes occur rarely (below 1:10,000) and are independent of treatment duration or dosage. Ketoconazole at 400 mg/day or more may inhibit testosterone biosynthesis.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.