Effects of leuprolide injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 16 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Leuprolide injection, a type of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog, has been widely used to treat prostate cancer and central precocious puberty. In prostate cancer, leuprolide injection effectively suppresses testosterone levels, which can slow down tumor growth and improve symptoms in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 2 Additionally, research suggests that leuprolide could potentially reduce the risk of prostate cancer recurrence after treatment. 1 In central precocious puberty, leuprolide injections have shown to effectively delay puberty onset by suppressing gonadotropin levels. 15

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Leuprolide injection is a valuable treatment option for prostate cancer, offering the potential to slow tumor growth, improve symptoms, and potentially reduce the risk of recurrence. 2 In children with central precocious puberty, it effectively delays puberty progression. 15

Risks Summary

While generally safe, leuprolide injection can cause side effects, which can vary from person to person. Common side effects include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, and muscle pain. 10 Moreover, leuprolide injection can suppress estrogen production, potentially increasing the risk of osteoporosis. 8 In rare cases, leuprolide injection can lead to pituitary apoplexy, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. 3

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Numerous studies consistently demonstrate that leuprolide injection effectively suppresses testosterone levels. 14 Research also consistently points to leuprolide injection as a beneficial treatment for prostate cancer and central precocious puberty. 2 15

Differences Across Studies

Variations exist across studies regarding the dosage, frequency, and duration of leuprolide injection. 11 Additionally, side effects from leuprolide injection can differ among patients. 4

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

Leuprolide injection shows consistent effectiveness in many studies, but the risks and benefits can vary individually. 7 Factors such as dosage, frequency, and duration of treatment can influence both treatment outcomes and side effects. 6

Considerations for Real-World Applications

Leuprolide injection offers a valuable treatment option for prostate cancer and central precocious puberty, but it's essential to be aware of potential side effects. Prior to receiving leuprolide injection, it's crucial to consult with a doctor to determine the best treatment approach for your individual condition. 3 4 As leuprolide injection suppresses estrogen production, it's important to prioritize osteoporosis prevention by maintaining a healthy diet with sufficient calcium and vitamin D, and incorporating regular exercise. 8

Limitations of Current Research

Long-term effects of leuprolide injection remain unclear, and individual responses to side effects can vary. Therefore, further research is needed to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of leuprolide injection. 9 13

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on understanding the long-term effects and mechanisms of leuprolide injection side effects. Additionally, research is needed to optimize dosage, frequency, and duration of treatment for maximum efficacy and minimal risks. 9 5 6

Conclusion

Leuprolide injection offers a valuable treatment option for prostate cancer and central precocious puberty, but potential side effects need to be considered. Consult with a doctor to determine the best treatment approach for your individual condition. Further research is necessary to comprehensively assess the safety and effectiveness of leuprolide injection. 3 5 6

Literature analysis of 16 papers
Positive Content
9
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
7
Article Type
4
0
0
1
16
1.

Effect of leuprolide on serum amyloid-β peptide levels and memory in patients with prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence.

Author: TanWinston W, HeckmanMichael G, VishnuPrakash, CrookJulia E, YounkinLinda H, CovilEdgar G, FermanTanis J, Graff-RadfordNeill R, YounkinSteven G, SmallridgeRobert C, WehleMichael J, BuskirkSteven J

Cognitive decline

Leuprolide therapy was not associated with a decline in cognition or memory function or with elevated plasma amyloid short-term.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on local symptoms and tumour progression in men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.

Author: SmithJ A, JanknegtR A, AbbouC C, de GeryA

Improved urinary symptoms
Reduced local symptoms

Local symptoms from primary tumour growth are relatively common in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate and are favorably influenced by hormonal therapy. The problems resulting from local tumour progression were significantly fewer in the group treated with castration plus nilutamide compared with the group treated with castration plus placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Pituitary apoplexy after leuprolide injection for ovum donation.

Author: EngelGregory, HustonMichelle, OshimaSachie, BeckCarter, HarshGriffith, RosenthalMyer H, CamargoCarlos A

Pituitary apoplexy

A young woman with an occult pituitary adenoma developed pituitary apoplexy while receiving leuprolide for ovum donation. This case highlights the importance of thorough endocrine screening before initiating gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy in women.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Follicular mucinosis and mycosis-fungoides-like drug eruption due to leuprolide acetate: a case report and review.

Author: ShalinSara C, BrantleyJulie, DiwanA Hafeez

Disseminated urticarial rash

This case report describes a patient who developed a disseminated urticarial rash following leuprolide injection. The rash resembled mycosis-fungoides, highlighting the importance of correlating clinical and histopathological findings for accurate diagnosis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Transient thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism following administration of the GnRH agonist leuprolide acetate.

Author: KasayamaS, MiyakeS, SamejimaY

Thyroid disorder

A case of silent thyroiditis developed after leuprolide acetate administration for uterine leiomyoma in a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. This is the first reported association of thyroid disorder with leuprolide injection.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of short-term graded transdermal estradiol in healthy gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-suppressed pre- and postmenopausal women: effects on serum markers of bone turnover, insulin-like growth factor-I, and osteoclastogenic mediators.

Author: LiuPeter Y, HoeyKelley A, MielkeKristi L, VeldhuisJohannes D, KhoslaSundeep

Increased collagen synthesis

Estradiol increases bone formation in both pre- and postmenopausal women, but the effects are different in each group. Lower doses of estradiol may increase bone formation more than higher doses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

9.

Pulsatile iv infusion of recombinant human LH in leuprolide-suppressed men unmasks impoverished Leydig-cell secretory responsiveness to midphysiological LH drive in the aging male.

Author: MulliganT, IranmaneshA, VeldhuisJ D

None mentioned
Reduced Leydig-cell responsiveness

This study found that older men have impaired Leydig-cell responsiveness to pulsatile and midphysiological LH drive, resulting in a delayed initial and reduced maximal serum T concentration rise compared with young men.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

10.

Pituitary Apoplexy After Initial Leuprolide Injection.

Author: FabianoAndrew J, GeorgeSaby

Pituitary apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare but known complication of leuprolide injection. Clinicians should be aware of this complication so that prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are performed in patients with leuprolide-associated pituitary apoplexy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Serum luteinizing hormone rises within minutes after depot leuprolide injection: implications for monitoring therapy.

Author: BhatiaSuruchi, NeelyE Kirk, WilsonDarrell M

Gonadotropin monitoring
None mentioned

A single serum sample for LH obtained 30 to 60 minutes after depot leuprolide injection in children provides a convenient and accurate assessment of treatment efficacy. Serum leuprolide, LH, and FSH levels rose rapidly after initial injection, reaching sustained elevations at 30 to 120 minutes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

12.

The presence of a pituitary tumor in patients with prostate cancer is not a contraindication for leuprolide therapy.

Author: BabboAngela, KalapurakalGeorge T, LiuBenjamin, BajramovicSanija, ChandlerJames P, GarnettJohn, KalapurakalJohn A

Prostate cancer treatment
Pituitary apoplexy

This report examined whether the presence of a pituitary tumor is a contraindication for leuprolide therapy in patients with prostate cancer, given reports of pituitary apoplexy following leuprolide therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.

Author: KlotzLaurence, Boccon-GibodLaurent, ShoreNeal D, AndreouCal, PerssonBo-Eric, CantorPer, JensenJens-Kristian, OlesenTine Kold, SchröderFritz H

PSA suppression
Testosterone suppression
Arthralgia
Chills
Injection site reactions
Urinary tract infections

Degarelix was not inferior to leuprolide at maintaining low testosterone levels over a 1-year treatment period. Degarelix induced testosterone and PSA suppression significantly faster than leuprolide; PSA suppression was also maintained throughout the study.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol suppression and growth in girls with central precocious puberty: is more suppression better? Are pre-injection LH levels useful in monitoring treatment?

Author: KunzGregory J, ShermanTami Irwin, KleinKaren Oerter

Improved height outcome

Greater luteinizing hormone suppression may improve the height outcome in girls treated for central precocious puberty with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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