Effective treatment of lyme disease: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Findings

Lyme disease is a significant health concern in the United States, with its prevalence on the rise. 1 This increase is linked to the expansion of tick habitats due to climate change. 1 Therefore, finding effective ways to manage tick populations is crucial. 1

A study investigated the use of prescribed burns, a common land management technique, as a potential method to reduce tick populations and Lyme disease. 1 The research found that prescribed burns, when properly implemented, can be cost-effective and applicable across vast areas. 1 The study also revealed that fire intensity plays a crucial role in reducing tick populations, with high-intensity burns being more effective than low-intensity burns. 1 While high-intensity burns might not always be feasible due to environmental constraints, annual burns demonstrated the most significant reduction in infectious nymphs, the primary carriers of Lyme disease. 1

Another research study focused on identifying lifestyle factors associated with increased Lyme disease risk. 2 Using the ESRI Tapestry segmentation system, which categorizes neighborhoods based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, researchers determined that certain lifestyles have a higher prevalence of Lyme disease. 2 Specifically, the LifeModes Affluent Estates, Upscale Avenues, GenXurban, and Cozy Country Living were linked to higher Lyme disease incidence. 2

The COVID-19 pandemic had an observable impact on Lyme disease reporting. 3 Surveys indicated that US residents spent more time outdoors in 2020 compared to 2019, yet there was a decline in tick bite-related emergency department visits and Lyme disease testing. 3 This suggests that changes in healthcare-seeking behavior due to the pandemic might have artificially reduced Lyme disease case reporting in 2020. 3

The effects of climate change on Lyme disease prevalence are also under investigation. 11 Research suggests that climate change can impact the distribution of ticks and their ability to thrive, potentially increasing the risk of Lyme disease transmission. 11

A study exploring the influence of landscape fragmentation and climate on Lyme disease incidence found a correlation between landscape fragmentation and higher Lyme disease rates in the Northeastern United States. 12

Another study focused on the role of host diversity in tick populations and Lyme disease transmission. 21 The study found that increased diversity in the host community, including animals that are less likely to carry and transmit Lyme disease, can reduce the prevalence of infection in ticks. 21

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Prescribed burns, when properly implemented, can effectively reduce tick populations and Lyme disease prevalence. 1

Risks Summary

High-intensity burns may not be feasible in all environments due to potential ecological impacts. 1

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

Several studies highlight the importance of finding effective strategies to mitigate the risk of Lyme disease. 2

Differences

Each research study focuses on different aspects of Lyme disease. For example, some studies explore the impact of prescribed burns, while others examine the association between specific lifestyles and Lyme disease risk. 2

Consistency and Contradictions

The research findings generally indicate that various strategies can be effective in mitigating Lyme disease risk, but the specific areas of focus vary across studies. 2

Practical Application

Research findings emphasize the importance of taking precautions to reduce Lyme disease risk. 2 This includes being aware of Lyme disease-prone areas, taking steps to avoid tick bites, and considering lifestyle modifications if necessary. 2 While prescribed burns have shown promise, their implementation should be carefully considered to avoid unintended environmental consequences. 1

Limitations

Further research is needed to develop more effective strategies for managing Lyme disease. 2

Future Research Directions

Continued research is essential to develop innovative and sustainable approaches to reduce Lyme disease prevalence. 2

Conclusion

These studies emphasize the multifaceted nature of Lyme disease and the importance of a comprehensive approach to mitigate its risk. 2 Understanding Lyme disease transmission patterns, identifying high-risk areas and lifestyles, and exploring effective control strategies are crucial steps in protecting public health. 2

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
9
Article Type
0
1
1
1
24
3.

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Reported Lyme Disease, United States, 2020.

Author: McCormickDavid W, KugelerKiersten J, MarxGrace E, JayanthiPraveena, DietzStephanie, MeadPaul, HinckleyAlison F

Lyme disease underreporting

US residents spent more time outdoors in 2020 than in 2019, but there were fewer tick bite-related emergency department visits and Lyme disease laboratory tests. This suggests that Lyme disease case reporting may be artificially reduced due to changes in healthcare-seeking behavior related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

The effects of multiyear and seasonal weather factors on incidence of Lyme disease and its vector in New York State.

Author: LinShao, ShresthaSrishti, PrusinskiMelissa A, WhiteJennifer L, LukacikGary, SmithMaggie, LuJianhai, BackensonBryon

Lyme disease spread

Climate change could impact Lyme disease prevalence and distribution, but more research is needed to understand the relationship between weather factors and Lyme disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

A tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein has profound effects on assembly of periplasmic flagella, morphology and motility of the lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

Author: MoonKi Hwan, ZhaoXiaowei, XuHui, LiuJun, MotalebMd A

Motility

This study identified a tetratricopeptide repeat protein BB0236 as a potential candidate for the flagellar collar in Borrelia burgdorferi. BB0236 was crucial for collar structure assembly, cellular morphology, motility, and orientation of periplasmic flagella.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of intravenous ketamine in a patient with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.

Author: HannaAshraf F, AbrahamBishoy, HannaAndrew, SmithAdam J

Pain relief

This case report describes a female patient with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) whose pain was refractory to various treatment options. Intravenous ketamine infusion therapy led to relief from chronic pain, improved quality of life, reduced depression and suicidal ideation, and reduced opioid consumption.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

9.

A systematic review and meta-analysis for the adverse effects, immunogenicity and efficacy of Lyme disease vaccines: Guiding novel vaccine development.

Author: BadawiAlaa, SheringMaria, RahmanShusmita, LindsayL Robbin

High immunogenicity
LB prevention
Mild local side effects
Self-limiting systemic adverse effects

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of monovalent and multivalent Lyme borreliosis (LB) vaccines. The review found that both vaccine classes were associated with mild local side effects and self-limiting systemic adverse effects, with the multivalent vaccine slightly more tolerable. Both vaccine classes were highly immunogenic, and the monovalent vaccines demonstrated efficacy in preventing LB. This suggests that LB vaccines have a good safety profile and may be effective in preventing LB.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva on dermal cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease.

Author: SchollDorothy C, EmbersMonica E, CaskeyJohn R, KaushalDeepak, MatherThomas N, BuckWayne R, MoriciLisa A, PhilippMario T

This study explores the interaction between tick saliva and Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease. The findings suggest that tick saliva may downregulate the inflammatory response at the blood-feeding site, potentially promoting spirochete transmission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

11.

Estimated effects of projected climate change on the basic reproductive number of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis.

Author: OgdenNicholas H, RadojevicMilka, WuXiaotian, DuvvuriVenkata R, LeightonPatrick A, WuJianhong

Increased disease risk

Climate warming may have co-driven the emergence of Lyme disease in northeastern North America, and in the future may drive substantial disease spread into new geographic regions and increase tick-borne disease risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Reductions in human Lyme disease risk due to the effects of oral vaccination on tick-to-mouse and mouse-to-tick transmission.

Author: VoordouwMaarten J, TupperHaley, ÖnderÖzlem, DeveveyGodefroy, GravesChristopher J, KempsBrian D, BrissonDustin

Lyme disease prevention
Reduced transmission

Oral vaccination of white-footed mice with an OspA-based vaccine effectively reduces transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, at both critical stages of the transmission cycle. This study suggests that oral immunization of wildlife can be a promising long-term strategy to reduce human Lyme disease risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

15.

Effects of an invasive forest pathogen on abundance of ticks and their vertebrate hosts in a California Lyme disease focus.

Author: SweiAndrea, OstfeldRichard S, LaneRobert S, BriggsCheryl J

Lyme disease risk

Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the pathogen *Phytophthora ramorum*, has significant impacts on the ecosystem. This study found that SOD increased the abundance of deer mice and western fence lizards, which are important hosts for *Ixodes pacificus*, the vector of Lyme disease. This suggests that SOD may increase the risk of Lyme disease transmission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

16.

Effects of reduced deer density on the abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Lyme disease incidence in a northern New Jersey endemic area.

Author: JordanRobert A, SchulzeTerry L, JahnMargaret B

Lyme disease incidence reduction

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a deer culling program in reducing tick abundance and Lyme disease incidence in a suburban residential area. While the deer population was significantly reduced, the study found no clear impact on tick numbers or Lyme disease rates, suggesting that deer reduction alone may not be sufficient to control tick populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

17.

Long-term effects of immunization with recombinant lipoprotein outer surface protein a on serologic test for lyme disease.

Author: FawcettPaul T, RoseCarlos D, MaduskuieVictoria

Lyme disease prevention
Lyme disease testing interference

Immunization with recombinant lipoprotein outer surface protein A vaccine is known to interfere with some serologic tests for Lyme disease. This study tested sera from 152 vaccine recipients and found that vaccination caused interference in up to 25% of recipients and can persist for over 6 years.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

The effects of bird feeders on Lyme disease prevalence and density of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a residential area of Dutchess County, New York.

Author: TownsendAndrea K, OstfeldRichard S, GeherKathleen B

Lyme disease risk

Bird feeders were not associated with increased tick densities or Lyme disease prevalence in a residential setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk.

Author: LoGiudiceKathleen, OstfeldRichard S, SchmidtKenneth A, KeesingFelicia

Lyme disease prevention

This study provides evidence supporting the Dilution Effect model, which predicts that high species diversity in a tick host community reduces the prevalence of Lyme disease. The study found that adding new host species to a depauperate community decreased nymphal infection prevalence, a key risk factor for Lyme disease. This suggests that preserving vertebrate biodiversity and community composition can reduce the incidence of Lyme disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

22.

Effects of OspA vaccination on Lyme disease serologic testing.

Author: Aguero-RosenfeldM E, RobergeJ, CarbonaroC A, NowakowskiJ, NadelmanR B, WormserG P

Lyme disease diagnosis
OspA vaccination

This study found that OspA vaccination did not interfere with the interpretation of immunoblots for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients who developed early Lyme disease. Vaccines induced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity but did not fulfill Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for positivity on immunoblots.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Long-term cognitive effects of Lyme disease in children.

Author: AdamsW V, RoseC D, EppesS C, KleinJ D

Cognitive function
Lyme disease treatment
Lyme disease complications

This study found no significant cognitive differences between children with Lyme disease and their siblings 4 years after disease onset. This finding supports the notion that children treated appropriately for Lyme disease have an excellent prognosis for normal cognitive functioning.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Cognitive effects of Lyme disease in children: a 4 year followup study.

Author: AdamsW V, RoseC D, EppesS C, KleinJ D

Normal cognitive function

This study found that children treated appropriately for Lyme disease had an excellent prognosis for normal cognitive functioning 4 years after disease onset.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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