Major Research Findings

Meperidine (pethidine) is an opioid analgesic used to treat pain during labor and after surgery. Many studies have shown that meperidine is effective in relieving pain. However, it is also known that meperidine can have several side effects. 10 , 20 , , 11 , 15 , , 2 , 9 , 7 , 8 , 22 , 26 , 3 , 12 , 14 , 1 , 5 , 25 , 18 , 23

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of meperidine are caused by its action on opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are found in various parts of the body, including the brain and spinal cord, and regulate various functions, such as pain, breathing, and the digestive system. When meperidine binds to opioid receptors, it can affect these functions and cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Nausea and Vomiting

Meperidine can cause nausea and vomiting. This is because meperidine stimulates the vomiting center in the brain. Nausea and vomiting from meperidine can last for several hours to several days after administration. 10 , 20 , 11 , 7 , 8 , 26 , 3

Respiratory Depression

Meperidine can cause respiratory depression. This is because meperidine suppresses the respiratory center. Respiratory depression from meperidine is more likely to occur in the elderly and in patients with respiratory diseases. 10 , 11 , 2 , 27 , 26 , 3 , 12 , 6 , 23

Constipation

Meperidine can cause constipation. This is because meperidine slows down bowel movements. Constipation from meperidine is more likely to occur in patients who are taking meperidine for a long time. 10 , 17 , 26

Drowsiness

Meperidine can cause drowsiness and dizziness. This is because meperidine suppresses the central nervous system. Drowsiness from meperidine should be noted especially when performing tasks that require concentration, such as driving or operating machinery. 10 , 20 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 9

Rash

Meperidine can cause allergic reactions such as rash and itching. 17

Mental Effects

Meperidine can have mental effects. This is because meperidine affects neurotransmitters in the brain. Mental effects from meperidine include agitation, anxiety, and hallucinations. 20 , 15 , 26 , 6

Dependence

Meperidine can cause dependence. Long-term use of meperidine can lead to addiction. 10 , 17 , 26

Other Side Effects

Meperidine can cause a variety of other side effects. These side effects include dizziness, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, and indigestion. 10 , 20 , 7 , 8 , 22 , 3 , 9

Side Effects Management

Nausea and Vomiting

To prevent nausea and vomiting from meperidine, taking antiemetics beforehand can be effective. Also, it is important to stay well hydrated after taking meperidine. 10 , 20 , 8 , 26

Respiratory Depression

To prevent respiratory depression from meperidine, it is important to carefully monitor the respiratory status. If breathing becomes shallow or the respiratory rate decreases, contact your doctor. 10 , 11 , 26 , 27 , 23

Constipation

To prevent constipation from meperidine, eat a diet high in fiber and drink plenty of fluids. You can also use laxatives if necessary. 10 , 17 , 26

Drowsiness

After taking meperidine, avoid tasks that require concentration, such as driving or operating machinery. Also, ensure your surroundings are safe when sleeping. 10 , 20 , 22 , 26 , 9

Rash

If you develop a rash or itching while taking meperidine, contact your doctor immediately. 17

Mental Effects

If you experience mental effects while taking meperidine, consult your doctor. Get appropriate treatment if necessary. 20 , 15 , 26 , 6

Dependence

Meperidine can cause dependence, so take it as directed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it or increase the dosage without consulting your doctor. 10 , 17 , 26

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies have shown that meperidine is effective in relieving pain, but it has also been shown that it can cause a variety of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, constipation, and drowsiness.

Differences in Studies

The frequency and severity of side effects may vary depending on the method and dose of meperidine administration. The frequency and severity of side effects may also vary depending on the patient's age and health status. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and understand the side effects when taking meperidine.

Points to Note Regarding Application to Real Life

Meperidine is a highly effective pain reliever, but it also carries a risk of side effects. Always consult your doctor before taking meperidine and follow their instructions. Special caution is required for the elderly, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and people with liver or kidney disease. While taking meperidine, avoid activities that require concentration, such as driving or operating machinery. Take meperidine safely while being aware of the side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on meperidine is still insufficient. In particular, more research is needed on the long-term effects of meperidine. Furthermore, future research is needed to clarify the interactions between meperidine and other medications.

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term effects of meperidine and its interaction with other medications is needed. The development of new treatments to reduce the side effects of meperidine is also expected.

Conclusion

Meperidine is a highly effective pain reliever, but it can cause a variety of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, constipation, and drowsiness. Always consult your doctor before taking meperidine and follow their instructions. Be aware of the side effects and take it safely.