Side Effects of methazolamide: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor commonly used to treat glaucoma and essential tremor. 19 , 16 . While it has shown effectiveness in managing these conditions, it's important to be aware of its potential side effects. 19 , 16 , 24 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Methazolamide's side effects stem from its primary function: inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme plays crucial roles in various bodily functions, and its disruption can lead to a range of consequences.

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Drowsiness is a frequently reported side effect of methazolamide. 19 , 16 , 24 , 21 . It's thought to occur due to methazolamide's influence on the central nervous system.

Nausea

Nausea is another common side effect. 19 , 21 . It's likely caused by methazolamide's effects on the digestive system.

Loss of appetite

Methazolamide can lead to loss of appetite. 19 , 24 . This is often associated with its impact on the digestive system.

Numbness

Numbness, particularly in the extremities, is another reported side effect. 19 , 21 . It's believed to be a consequence of methazolamide's effects on the nervous system.

Metabolic acidosis

Methazolamide can cause metabolic acidosis, a condition where the body becomes too acidic. 18 , 5 . This is a direct result of methazolamide inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.

Weight loss

Weight loss can occur as a side effect of methazolamide. 24 . This is often linked to loss of appetite and metabolic acidosis.

Depression

Methazolamide has been associated with depression in some cases. 24 . This side effect is likely connected to methazolamide's influence on the central nervous system.

Fatigue

Fatigue is a possible side effect. 24 . It might be a result of metabolic acidosis or nervous system effects.

Decreased libido

Methazolamide can cause a decrease in libido. 24 . This may be related to the drug's impact on hormonal balance.

Gastrointestinal problems

Methazolamide may lead to gastrointestinal issues. 24 . These problems often stem from nausea and loss of appetite.

Kidney stones

Methazolamide can increase the risk of kidney stones. 13 . This is associated with the drug's ability to make urine more acidic.

Transient myopia

Methazolamide can cause temporary nearsightedness (myopia). 13 . This side effect might be related to the drug's impact on intraocular pressure.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Drowsiness

Adjusting the time of day you take methazolamide or incorporating short naps can help reduce drowsiness. 19 . Additionally, avoid driving or operating machinery.

Nausea

Eating small meals slowly and staying well-hydrated can lessen nausea. 19 .

Loss of appetite

Focusing on nutritious meals and eating small, frequent meals can help address loss of appetite. 19 .

Numbness

Warm baths and massage can provide relief from numbness. 19 . If numbness persists, consult a doctor.

Metabolic acidosis

If you experience metabolic acidosis, your doctor may prescribe alkali agents like sodium bicarbonate to help restore the body's acid-base balance. 18 .

Weight loss

To prevent weight loss, maintain a nutritious diet and discuss weight gain strategies with your doctor. 24 .

Depression

If you experience depression, seek help from a medical professional for appropriate treatment. 24 . Maintaining strong social connections and managing stress can also be helpful.

Fatigue

Getting enough sleep, resting adequately, and engaging in light exercise or stretching can help reduce fatigue. 24 .

Decreased libido

If you have concerns about decreased libido, consult a doctor. 24 . They can help identify the cause and advise on possible solutions.

Gastrointestinal problems

If you experience gastrointestinal problems, seek medical advice and follow your doctor's treatment plan. 24 . A diet that is easy on the digestive system can be helpful.

Kidney stones

Staying well-hydrated can help prevent kidney stones. 13 . Take your medication as prescribed by your doctor.

Transient myopia

Transient myopia usually resolves within a few weeks after stopping methazolamide. 13 . Consult your doctor if symptoms persist.

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points of Studies

Across many studies, methazolamide has been shown to cause side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, loss of appetite, and numbness. 19 , 16 , 24 , 21 . Metabolic acidosis is another common side effect reported in several studies. 18 , 5 .

Differences Between Studies

The frequency and severity of methazolamide's side effects can vary across studies. For example, 19 mentions drowsiness, nausea, loss of appetite, and numbness as side effects, whereas 16 reports these less frequently. 20 highlights the potential for methazolamide to cause anemia, a finding not consistently observed in other research.

Precautions for Applying Research to Real Life

Be mindful of methazolamide's potential side effects, particularly drowsiness, and avoid activities requiring alertness such as driving or operating machinery. 19 , 16 , 24 . Regular medical checkups and monitoring are essential to manage metabolic acidosis. 18 , 5 .

Limitations of Current Research

The research on methazolamide's side effects is still ongoing. There is limited data on the long-term effects of methazolamide. Individual responses to methazolamide can vary, influenced by factors like constitution and interactions with other medications.

Future Directions for Research

More research is necessary to fully understand methazolamide's side effects, particularly long-term impacts, individual variability, and drug interactions. Research into methods for mitigating methazolamide's side effects is also crucial.

Conclusion

While methazolamide is an effective treatment for glaucoma and essential tremor, it's essential to be aware of its potential side effects. 19 , 16 , 24 . Always consult with your doctor if you experience any side effects, and follow their advice for managing them.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
MPX treatment
3
High-altitude illness prevention
High-altitude illness treatment
Reduced fatigue
4
Reduced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
5
Anti-high altitude disease
Antiepileptic
Antiglaucoma
Antiobesity
Diuretic
6
Improved glaucoma
Reduced IOP
8
Treat AS
9
Glaucoma treatment
10
diabetic retinopathy treatment
glaucoma treatment
macular degeneration treatment
macular edema treatment
11
H. pylori infection treatment
gastroduodenal disease prevention
12
Glaucoma treatment
Macular degeneration treatment
Macular edema treatment
13
Lower IOP
Treat normal-tension glaucoma
Treat ocular hypertension
Treat open-angle glaucoma
14
Selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
15
Not specified
18
Essential tremor relief
19
Effective glaucoma treatment
22
Additive effect
IOP reduction
Prolonged clinical usefulness
23
Acidosis relief
Sodium bicarbonate
24
Intraocular pressure reduction
25
Risk Keywords
Color vision disturbance
1
Elevated IOP
Glaucoma progression
2
Metabolic acidosis
5
Secondary angle-closure glaucoma
7
Side effects
8
decreased libido
depression
fatigue
gastrointestinal irritation
malaise
metabolic acidosis
metallic taste
numbness
renal calculi
tingling
transient myopia
weight loss
11
Decreased libido
Depression
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal irritation
Malaise
Metabolic acidosis
Metallic taste
Numbness
Renal calculi
Tingling
Transient myopia
Weight loss
13
Side effects
16
Common side effects
Limited efficacy
17
Metabolic acidosis
18
Anorexia
Epigastric discomfort
Nausea
Numbness
Paresthesias
Somnolence
19
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia
Death
Hematopoietic toxicity
Thrombocytopenia
20
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects
21
Acidosis
22
Anorexia
Depression
Fatigue
Hypokalemia
Loss of libido
Malaise
Weight loss
24
Side effects
Systemic acidosis
25
Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
9
Article Type
3
0
0
8
25
1.

Colour vision and side-effects during treatment with methazolamide.

Author: WidengårdI, MandahlA, TörnquistP, WistrandP J

Color vision disturbance

Methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, caused color vision problems in 8 out of 14 volunteers. The issue was not related to acidosis or other side effects, suggesting that CA inhibition specifically affects the retina or visual cortex.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Managing primary open-angle glaucoma in the setting of suboptimal surgical outcomes in the fellow eye.

Author: HuangMarshall J, SamuelsonThomas W, De FrancescoTiciana, LevinAriana, SieckErin, GazzardGus, PorterMatt, GallardoMark, ChangRobert T, LiuWendy W, ChayaCraig, GulatiShawn, ShahManjool

Elevated IOP
Glaucoma progression

This case report describes a patient with glaucoma who did not respond well to traditional medical management. The patient underwent left eye cataract surgery with viscocanaloplasty and Hydrus microstent insertion, but IOP remained high. Trabeculectomy was eventually performed, but the surgery was complicated by a thick Tenon layer.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Methazolamide in high-altitude illnesses.

Author: LuHui, ZhangHuaqun, JiangYuanying

High-altitude illness prevention
High-altitude illness treatment
Reduced fatigue

Methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has higher lipid solubility and fewer side effects compared to acetazolamide. It can increase systemic metabolic acidosis and improve ventilation and oxygenation level. This review discusses the advantages of methazolamide over acetazolamide for high-altitude illnesses prophylaxis and treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Influence of methazolamide on the human control of breathing: A comparison to acetazolamide.

Author: TeppemaLuc J, BouletLindsey M, HackettHeather K, DominelliPaolo B, CheyneWilliam S, DominelliGiulio S, SwensonErik R, FosterGlen E

Reduced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Metabolic acidosis

This study investigates the effects of methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on respiratory control in humans. It finds that methazolamide, similar to acetazolamide, causes a metabolic acidosis and shifts the ventilatory CO2 response curve leftwards without impairing oxygen sensitivity. It suggests that methazolamide could be a valuable alternative to acetazolamide in treating certain respiratory conditions.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Drug interaction considerations in the therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Author: SupuranClaudiu T

Anti-high altitude disease
Antiepileptic
Antiglaucoma
Antiobesity
Diuretic

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are clinically used for various conditions, including glaucoma, epilepsy, and high altitude sickness. They are also being investigated as anticancer agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Drug-induced Bilateral Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Literature Synthesis.

Author: MurphyRory M, BakirBelal, O'BrienColm, WiggsJaney L, PasqualeLouis R

Secondary angle-closure glaucoma

Several compound preparations were implicated in drug-induced bilateral secondary angle-closure glaucoma (2° ACG).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Glaucoma and the applications of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Author: ScozzafavaAndrea, SupuranClaudiu T

Improved glaucoma
Reduced IOP
Side effects

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are used to treat glaucoma, a disease characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This review discusses the various generations of CAIs, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Treat ankylosing spondylitis with methazolamide.

Author: ChangXiaotian, YanXinfeng, ZhangYunzhong

Treat AS

Methazolamide is an anti-carbonic anhydrase drug that can help to restrain bone resorption, a characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of methazolamide in treating patients with AS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A potential new therapeutic system for glaucoma: solid lipid nanoparticles containing methazolamide.

Author: LiRui, JiangSunmin, LiuDongfei, BiXinyun, WangFengzhen, ZhangQing, XuQunwei

Glaucoma treatment

Methazolamide (MTA) is an antiglaucoma drug. This study formulated MTA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance its ocular delivery and therapeutic efficacy. SLNs demonstrated better therapeutic effect, prolonged action, and lower dosage compared to conventional eye drops.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

The development of topically acting carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as antiglaucoma agents.

Author: MincioneFrancesco, ScozzafavaAndrea, SupuranClaudiu T

diabetic retinopathy treatment
glaucoma treatment
macular degeneration treatment
macular edema treatment
decreased libido
depression
fatigue
gastrointestinal irritation
malaise
metabolic acidosis
metallic taste
numbness
renal calculi
tingling
transient myopia
weight loss

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are used for the treatment of glaucoma, a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical CAIs, such as dorzolamide and brinzolamide, are more effective and have fewer side effects than systemic CAIs. Research is ongoing to develop more effective topical CAIs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

The alpha and beta classes carbonic anhydrases from Helicobacter pylori as novel drug targets.

Author: NishimoriIsao, OnishiSaburo, TakeuchiHiroaki, SupuranClaudiu T

H. pylori infection treatment
gastroduodenal disease prevention

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects the stomach and can cause various gastroduodenal lesions. The bacterium uses carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes to survive in acidic conditions. Inhibition of both alpha- and beta-CAs could be a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

[Pharmacological profiles of the potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide hydrochloride, a topical antiglaucoma agent].

Author: KobayashiM, NaitoK

Lower IOP
Treat normal-tension glaucoma
Treat ocular hypertension
Treat open-angle glaucoma

Dorzolamide is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is effective in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Dorzolamide is well tolerated and does not cause the severe systemic adverse events associated with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Japanese

16.

Methazolamide for essential voice tremor.

Author: BusenbarkK, RamigL, DromeyC, KollerW C

Side effects

Methazolamide was not effective in treating essential voice tremor. Side effects were common.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Double-blind controlled study of methazolamide in the treatment of essential tremor.

Author: BusenbarkK, PahwaR, HubbleJ, HopfenspergerK, KollerW, PogrebraK

Common side effects
Limited efficacy

Methazolamide had only limited efficacy in treating essential tremor, with common side effects including paresthesias, sedation, headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Metabolic acidosis induced by acetazolamide.

Author: SpornA, ScothornD M, TerryJ E

Not specified
Metabolic acidosis

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide and methazolamide, can cause metabolic acidosis, which may be more serious in patients with other medical conditions. Careful monitoring is recommended, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or nephrectomy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Treatment of essential tremor with methazolamide.

Author: MuenterM D, DaubeJ R, CavinessJ N, MillerP M

Essential tremor relief
Anorexia
Epigastric discomfort
Nausea
Numbness
Paresthesias
Somnolence

Methazolamide was effective in treating essential tremor, particularly head and voice tremor. It was associated with side effects such as somnolence, nausea, and numbness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Hematologic reactions to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Author: FraunfelderF T, MeyerS M, BagbyG C, DreisM W

Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia
Death
Hematopoietic toxicity
Thrombocytopenia

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were associated with hematopoietic toxicity, including aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis, in 79 case reports. Twenty-six cases resulted in death.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

22.

[Effect of methazolamide on the intraocular pressure of patients with open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)].

Author: MerkleW

Effective glaucoma treatment
Acidosis

Methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, lowered intraocular pressure effectively in patients with glaucoma, but less effectively than acetazolamide. Methazolamide offered the possibility of treating glaucoma without side effects or acidosis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

23.

The intraocular pressure responses of low-dose bupranolol (Ophtorenin) and methazolamide (Neptazane) in glaucomatous eyes. A controlled clinical study.

Author: LeydheckerW, KrieglsteinG K

Additive effect
IOP reduction
Prolonged clinical usefulness

Bupranolol and methazolamide were both effective in reducing intraocular pressure. The combined application of these two drugs may postpone or avoid side effects and prolong the time and the field of clinical usefulness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Low-dose methazolamide and intraocular pressure.

Author: StoneR A, ZimmermanT J, ShinD H, BeckerB, KassM A

Intraocular pressure reduction
Side effects
Systemic acidosis

Methazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, significantly reduced intraocular pressure in 16 patients. Acetazolamide was more effective but had more systemic acidosis and side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

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