Effects of miglitol: A Synthesis of Findings from 18 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Miglitol, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, has been shown to have beneficial effects on blood glucose control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. In type 1 diabetes patients, miglitol, in combination with intensive insulin therapy, improved HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels, decreased body mass index (BMI), reduced bolus and total insulin dosage, and lowered the frequency of preprandial hypoglycemic events. 3 The study also showed that miglitol increased the active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and decreased the total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels. 3 This suggests that miglitol improves blood glucose control by delaying carbohydrate absorption and modifying the incretin responses.

In type 2 diabetes patients, miglitol has been shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia, reduce circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18), and potentially reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development. 5 , 4 , 13 Miglitol also demonstrated improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese diabetic rats, suggesting its potential role in managing obesity and related metabolic disorders. 14 Studies on healthy volunteers indicated that miglitol does not have extraintestinal effects on glucose control. 12 This suggests that miglitol primarily acts in the gut to delay carbohydrate absorption.

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Miglitol can improve blood glucose control in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 3 , 5 , 13 It may also help reduce weight and lower the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. 3 Additionally, miglitol may slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. 4

Risk summary

The most common side effects of miglitol are gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, and cramps. 6 , 16 These are usually mild and tend to subside over time. Miglitol may also have an effect on liver function. 15 Miglitol should not be used by pregnant women.

Comparison across studies

Commonalities across studies

Miglitol has consistently demonstrated its efficacy in improving blood glucose control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. 3 , 5 , 13 Furthermore, various studies have highlighted its ability to stimulate the secretion of incretin hormones, particularly GLP-1. 3 , 7 , 8

Differences across studies

The effectiveness of miglitol can vary depending on factors such as patient age, weight, type of diabetes, and concurrent medications. 3 , 5 , 13 Some studies have shown a weight-reducing effect with miglitol, 3 while others have observed no impact on weight. 10 Additionally, the timing of miglitol administration (before or after meals) might influence its effectiveness. 1 , 8

Consistency and contradictions in the results

There are some contradictions in the research findings regarding the effects of miglitol. 3 , 5 , 13 , 10 For example, some studies suggest that miglitol can contribute to weight loss, 3 while others indicate no impact on weight. 10 These contradictions likely arise from the varying characteristics of the study populations and the differences in research design and methodologies.

Considerations for real-life application

Miglitol can be a valuable tool for improving blood glucose control, but it’s crucial to be aware of potential side effects. 6 , 16 Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting miglitol treatment. They can determine the appropriate dosage and administration method based on your individual condition. Regular monitoring and adherence to the prescribed dosage are essential while taking miglitol.

Limitations of current research

Research on the effects of miglitol is still ongoing and more studies are needed. 3 , 5 , 13 In particular, the long-term impacts of miglitol use need further investigation. 16 Also, more research is needed to understand the combined effects of miglitol with other diabetes medications. 18 , 9

Future research directions

Further research on the effects of miglitol is warranted. 3 , 5 , 13 Future studies should focus on the long-term effects of miglitol use, the effectiveness of combining it with other diabetes drugs, and its impact on patients with co-existing health conditions. 16 , 18 , 9

Conclusion

Miglitol has been shown to have promising effects in improving blood glucose control. 3 , 5 , 13 However, it’s important to remember that all medications can have side effects. 6 , 16 Always consult with your doctor before starting any new medication, including miglitol, to discuss the potential risks and benefits. Regular monitoring and adherence to the prescribed dosage are essential for achieving the desired outcomes. While miglitol shows promise as a diabetes treatment, further research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its long-term impacts and interactions with other medications. 3 , 5 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 9

Literature analysis of 18 papers
Positive Content
18
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0
Negative Content
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18
2.

Comparisons of the effects of 12-week administration of miglitol and voglibose on the responses of plasma incretins after a mixed meal in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Author: NaritaT, YokoyamaH, YamashitaR, SatoT, HosobaM, MoriiT, FujitaH, TsukiyamaK, YamadaY

GIP reduction
GLP-1 enhancement
Weight reduction

Both miglitol and voglibose, drugs for type 2 diabetes, enhanced GLP-1 responses and reduced GIP responses. Miglitol also reduced body weight, which might be due to its strong GIP-reducing effect.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Effects of miglitol in combination with intensive insulin therapy on blood glucose control with special reference to incretin responses in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Author: NagaiEtsuko, KatsunoTomoyuki, MiyagawaJun-Ichiro, KonishiKosuke, MiuchiMasayuki, OchiFumihiro, KusunokiYoshiki, TokudaMasaru, MuraiKazuki, HamaguchiTomoya, NambaMitsuyoshi

Glycemic control
Hypoglycemia reduction

This study investigated the effects of miglitol on glycemic control, hypoglycemia, and incretin hormone responses in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients treated with intensive insulin therapy. Miglitol was found to improve glycemic control, reduce hypoglycemia, and modify incretin responses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Effects of miglitol in platelet-derived microparticle, adiponectin, and selectin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Author: NomuraShosaku, OmotoSeitaro, YokoiTakashi, FujitaShinya, OzasaRyotaro, EguchiNoritaka, ShouzuAkira

Diabetes treatment

Miglitol has been shown to be effective for postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, but its impact on platelet activation markers and adiponectin is not well understood.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Elevated serum levels of interleukin-18 in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy: effects of miglitol.

Author: UzuTakashi, YokoyamaHiroki, ItohHirofumi, KoyaDaisuke, NakagawaAtsushi, NishizawaMakoto, MaegawaHiroshi, YokomakuYukiyo, ArakiShin-Ichi, AbikoAtsuko, HanedaMasakazu

Lower IL-18 levels
Reduced postprandial hyperglycemia

Miglitol, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, improved postprandial hyperglycemia and reduced IL-18 levels in diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Comparison of adverse gastrointestinal effects of acarbose and miglitol in healthy men: a crossover study.

Author: AokiKazutaka, MuraokaTomonori, ItoYuzuru, TogashiYu, TerauchiYasuo

Gastrointestinal adverse effects

This study compared the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects with acarbose and miglitol, two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The study aimed to address the lack of direct investigation on the adverse effects of these drugs and contribute to understanding their safety profiles.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Single administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on endothelial function and incretin secretion in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease - Juntendo University trial: effects of miglitol on endothelial vascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (J-MACH) -.

Author: HikiMakoto, ShimadaKazunori, KiyanagiTakashi, FukaoKosuke, HiroseKuniaki, OhsakaHiromichi, FukushimaYoshifumi, KumeAtsumi, MatsumoriRie, SumiyoshiKatsuhiko, MiyazakiTetsuro, OhmuraHirotoshi, KurataTakeshi, MiidaTakashi, DaidaHiroyuki

Cardiovascular disease risk reduction
Postprandial hyperglycemia treatment

This study aims to investigate the post-prandial effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (alpha-GIs) on endothelial function and incretin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The study explores the potential for alpha-GIs to improve post-prandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction, all factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of pre-meal versus post-meal administration of miglitol on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels in healthy men.

Author: AokiKazutaka, MiyazakiTakashi, NagakuraJo, OrimeKazuki, TogashiYu, TerauchiYasuo

Islet cell function
Islet cell growth

This study compared the effects of pre-meal versus post-meal administration of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on plasma active GLP-1 and total GIP levels in healthy men. The study found that administering miglitol just before a meal significantly increased GLP-1 levels compared to post-meal administration.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Effects of miglitol, sitagliptin or their combination on plasma glucose, insulin and incretin levels in non-diabetic men.

Author: AokiKazutaka, MasudaKiyomi, MiyazakiTakashi, TogashiYu, TerauchiYasuo

Diabetes prevention

This study evaluated the effects of miglitol, sitagliptin, and their combination on glucose, insulin, and incretin levels in non-diabetic men. The study found that both miglitol and sitagliptin, alone and in combination, lowered glucose levels and increased active GLP-1 levels, suggesting potential benefits for preventing type 2 diabetes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Effects of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on glycaemic status and histopathological changes in islets in non-obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Author: GodaToshinao, SurugaKazuhito, KomoriAkiko, KuranukiSachi, MochizukiKazuki, MakitaYumi, KumazawaToshihiko

Diabetes treatment
Islet degeneration prevention
Pancreatic islet function improvement

This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic oral administration of miglitol in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. The study found that miglitol improved hyperglycemia in GK rats, protected pancreatic islets from degeneration, and possibly helped maintain beta-cell mass.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

The effects of miglitol on glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and appetite sensations in obese type 2 diabetics.

Author: LeeA, PatrickP, WishartJ, HorowitzM, MorleyJ E

GLP-1 release
Satiety

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were shown to increase the postprandial release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in healthy humans, which may play a role in reducing hunger and increasing satiation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Miglitol (Bay m 1099) has no extraintestinal effects on glucose control in healthy volunteers.

Author: SelsJ P, NautaJ J, MenheereP P, WolffenbuttelB H, Nieuwenhuijzen KrusemanA C

No extraintestinal effects

Miglitol did not have any clinically relevant extraintestinal effects on glucose control in healthy volunteers.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Effects of the carbohydrase inhibitor miglitol in sulfonylurea-treated NIDDM patients.

Author: JohnstonP S, ConiffR F, HoogwerfB J, SantiagoJ V, Pi-SunyerF X, KrolA

Improved glucose control
Lowered triglyceride levels
Flatulence
Loose stools

Miglitol was effective in improving glycemic control in NIDDM patients with suboptimal control despite maximal doses of sulfonylureas.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

The effects of the intestinal glucosidase inhibitory BAY M 1099 (miglitol) on glycemic status of obese-diabetic rats.

Author: DeBounoJ F, MichaelisO E, TulpO L

Treats NIDDM
Treats obesity

Miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese diabetic rats. It may be a useful adjunct to diet in the treatment of obesity, NIDDM, and other carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The effects of low-dose Bay-m-1099 (Miglitol) on serum lipids and liver enzyme activity of obese and obese-diabetic corpulent rats.

Author: TulpO L, SzepesiB, MichaelisO E, DeBounoJ F

Improved glycemic control
Improved insulin action
None mentioned

The study evaluated the effects of Miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on glucose metabolism in lean, obese, and diabetic rats. Miglitol improved glucose metabolism in obese rats, possibly by affecting insulin sensitivity and glucoregulatory enzymes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Postprandial glycemic control, hormonal effects and carbohydrate malabsorption during long-term administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol.

Author: LembckeB, DiederichM, FölschU R, CreutzfeldtW

Improved glycemic control
Reduced carbohydrate malabsorption symptoms
Gaseousness

Miglitol effectively controls blood sugar levels in patients with carbohydrate malabsorption, but may cause gastrointestinal side effects that tend to decrease over time.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Effects of Miglitol, Acarbose, and Sitagliptin on Plasma Insulin and Gut Peptides in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Crossover Study.

Author: UenoHiroaki, TsuchimochiWakaba, WangHong-Wei, YamashitaEiichiro, TsubouchiChikako, NagamineKazuhiro, SakodaHideyuki, NakazatoMasamitsu

T2DM management

A crossover study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus investigated the effects of acarbose, miglitol, and sitagliptin on glucose metabolism and gut peptide secretion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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