Effective treatment of mind–body intervention: A Synthesis of Findings from 41 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major findings

Tai chi and Qigong are effective interventions to improve cognitive function in patients with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and traumatic brain injury. 38 Tai chi has shown to be effective in enhancing health status outcomes for older adults with hypertension, including lower blood pressure, lower body mass index, improved social support, higher quality of life, and a reduction in depressive symptoms. 25 Additionally, Tai Chi Chih (TCC) has been demonstrated to reduce circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in older adults with high levels of this inflammatory marker, which is a potential risk factor for inflammation-related morbidity. 11

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Tai chi and Qigong offer various benefits for individuals with neurological disorders, including improved cognitive function, enhanced balance and gait, reduced depressive symptoms, and increased quality of life. 38 It has also shown potential for mitigating cellular inflammation, particularly in older adults. 11 For older adults with hypertension, Tai chi can contribute to lowering blood pressure, reducing body mass index, enhancing social support, improving quality of life, and mitigating depressive symptoms. 25 Tai Chi is also beneficial for individuals with chronic ankle instability, demonstrating positive effects on postural control and self-reported instability. 28

Risk Summary

Although generally safe, Tai chi and Qigong may require caution for individuals with certain health conditions or pre-existing vulnerabilities. For instance, individuals with heart conditions, arthritis, or other physical limitations should consult with a healthcare professional before starting Tai chi practice. Additionally, individuals with balance issues or a history of falls should proceed with caution and potentially seek guidance from a qualified instructor.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies highlight the benefits of Tai chi and Qigong in improving various aspects of health, including cognitive function, balance, gait, mood, quality of life, and inflammatory markers. These studies consistently indicate the potential of these practices as effective interventions for a range of health concerns.

Differences

Differences in study designs, populations, intervention methods, and outcome measures can lead to variations in findings. Some studies focus on specific neurological disorders, while others examine the effects of Tai chi or Qigong on broader health outcomes. Variations in intervention duration, frequency, and style of Tai chi or Qigong may also contribute to differences in results. Further research is essential to comprehensively understand the diverse effects of these practices.

Consistency and contradictions in results

While numerous studies demonstrate the positive effects of Tai chi and Qigong, some studies present conflicting or inconsistent findings. For instance, some studies show significant improvements in cognitive function, while others report less significant or even absent effects. These contradictions might stem from variations in study designs, participant characteristics, or the specific forms of Tai chi or Qigong employed. Further investigations are required to address these discrepancies and establish more definitive conclusions.

Considerations for application in real-life

While Tai chi and Qigong have shown promise for improving health, it's important to approach their application with a thoughtful and individualized approach. Individuals should consult with healthcare professionals to determine if Tai chi or Qigong is appropriate for their specific health conditions and pre-existing vulnerabilities. Seeking instruction from qualified instructors is essential to ensure proper technique and minimize risks of injury or exacerbation of health issues.

Limitations of current research

Current research on the effects of Tai chi and Qigong faces several limitations. Many studies are small-scale and short-term, making it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about long-term effects. Additionally, inconsistencies in study designs, participant characteristics, intervention methods, and outcome measures make it difficult to compare results across different studies. Further research with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and standardized methods is necessary to address these limitations.

Future research directions

Future research should focus on conducting larger, long-term studies with more rigorous designs and standardized methods. It is essential to investigate the effects of Tai chi and Qigong on different populations, including those with specific health conditions or vulnerabilities. Research should also explore the potential mechanisms by which Tai chi and Qigong exert their effects, as well as identify optimal interventions and individualized strategies for different groups.

Conclusion

Tai chi and Qigong show promise as effective mind-body interventions for a variety of health concerns. Research suggests potential benefits for cognitive function, physical health, and mental well-being. However, further research with rigorous designs and larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings, identify optimal approaches, and address individual needs. If you are considering incorporating Tai chi or Qigong into your health regimen, consult with a healthcare professional to determine its appropriateness for your individual situation.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Improved mood
Increased energy
Increased vigor
Reduced anger
Reduced anxiety
Reduced confusion
Reduced depression
Reduced fatigue
Reduced mood disturbance
Reduced stress
Reduced tension
1
Better sleep
Cardiovascular benefits
Enhanced flexibility
Improved balance
Improved mood
Improved sleep
Improved well-being
Increased mobility
Increased strength
Reduced fall risk
Reduced fear of falling
2
Improved function
Reduced pain
Reduced stiffness
3
Improve osteoarthritis
Reduce joint pain
4
Diabetes control
5
Improved mood
Improved self-esteem
6
Aerobic fitness improvement
Blood glucose reduction
Body composition improvement
Metabolic rate increase
Muscular fitness improvement
Perceived health improvement
7
Improved balance
Reduced falls
8
Psychological well-being
9
Improved quality of life
Increased survival
Reduced weight gain
10
Depressive symptom reduction
IL-6 reduction
11
Improved mental well-being
Potential for psychological benefits
Psychological benefits of Tai Chi Chuan
12
Reduced pain
Reduced stiffness
13
Mind-body balance
Potential for health benefits
Tai chi for health
14
cognitive function
15
Qigong for cancer
Tai chi for cancer
16
Tai Chi
17
Tai Chi Chih
18
Cognitive protection
19
Reduced fatigue
20
Cardiovascular health improvement
21
Reduced depressive symptoms
22
Improved breast cancer care
23
Improved gait ability
24
Blood pressure reduction
Improved quality of life
25
Exercise capacity
Health status
Improved lung function
26
Cognitive scaffolding
Health promotion
27
Improved balance
Reduced instability
28
Arterial stiffness reduction
Cognitive ability improvement
Physical function improvement
Tai Chi
29
Improved T2D treatment
30
Fatigue reduction
Sleep quality improvement
31
Cognitive function improvement
Mental well-being improvement
Tai Chi
32
Depression alleviation
33
Improved motor function
34
Tai Chi efficacy
35
Fatigue reduction
Sleep improvement
36
Enhanced cognition
37
Improved cognitive function
38
Cognition improvement
Mood improvement
Motor function improvement
Quality of life improvement
39
Improved blood lipids
Improved body composition
40
Improved postural balance
Improved quality of life
41
Risk Keywords
Decreased cortisol
Elevated noradrenaline
Increased heart rate
1
Limited evidence
Needs further research
Unclear mechanism
2
Needs further research
Unclear mechanisms
12
Needs further research
Unclear specific effects
14
Stroke
17
Breast cancer
18
Anxiety
Cognitive impairment
Depressive symptoms
Stress
31
Mild dementia
32
Literature analysis of 41 papers
Positive Content
41
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
23
13
16
10
41
1.

Changes in heart rate, noradrenaline, cortisol and mood during Tai Chi.

Author: JinP

Improved mood
Increased energy
Increased vigor
Reduced anger
Reduced anxiety
Reduced confusion
Reduced depression
Reduced fatigue
Reduced mood disturbance
Reduced stress
Reduced tension
Decreased cortisol
Elevated noradrenaline
Increased heart rate

Tai Chi practice increased heart rate, noradrenaline excretion, and reduced salivary cortisol levels compared to pre-practice measurements. Participants reported improvements in mood and reduced stress levels, similar to the benefits seen with moderate exercise.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review.

Author: KuramotoAlice M

Better sleep
Cardiovascular benefits
Enhanced flexibility
Improved balance
Improved mood
Improved sleep
Improved well-being
Increased mobility
Increased strength
Reduced fall risk
Reduced fear of falling
Limited evidence
Needs further research
Unclear mechanism

Research on Tai Chi has shown potential benefits for older adults, including improved balance, reduced fear of falling, increased strength, better mobility, greater flexibility, improved sleep, and enhanced mental well-being. While some studies have limitations, the evidence suggests that Tai Chi can be beneficial for older adults. More research is needed on younger and middle-aged populations, the long-term effects of Tai Chi, and its effects on the immune system and bone health. Future research should explore the specific aspects of Tai Chi that contribute to its benefits and investigate its effectiveness across different age groups, styles, and health conditions. Tai Chi, a relatively simple exercise, may be beneficial due to its relaxing and meditative aspects. The current evidence suggests that Tai Chi can improve functioning and well-being in older adults, explaining its popularity among older Chinese for centuries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

Group and home-based tai chi in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: BrisméeJean-Michel, PaigeRobert L, ChyuMing-Chien, BoatrightJulie D, HagarJames M, McCalebJoseph A, QuintelaMauricio M, FengDu, XuKe T, ShenChwan-Li

Improved function
Reduced pain
Reduced stiffness

Six weeks of group tai chi followed by another six weeks of home tai chi training showed significant improvements in mean overall knee pain, maximum knee pain and the WOMAC subscales of physical function and stiffness compared to the baseline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms, motivation and the performance of health behaviors in women with osteoarthritis.

Author: SongRhayun, LeeEun-Ok, LamPaul, BaeSang-Cheol

Improve osteoarthritis
Reduce joint pain

This study investigated the effects of Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms, motivation for health behaviors, and health behavior performance in older women with osteoarthritis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of Tai Chi on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind sham-exercise-controlled trial.

Author: TsangTracey, OrrRhonda, LamPaul, CominoElizabeth, SinghMaria Fiatarone

Diabetes control

Tai Chi for Diabetes (TCD) is being investigated for its potential to improve diabetes control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Exercise intervention in brain injury: a pilot randomized study of Tai Chi Qigong.

Author: BlakeH, BatsonM

Improved mood
Improved self-esteem

A brief Tai Chi Chuan Qigong exercise intervention may improve mood and self-esteem in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Evaluation of energy expenditure and cardiovascular health effects from Tai Chi and walking exercise.

Author: HuiS S C, WooJ, KwokT

Aerobic fitness improvement
Blood glucose reduction
Body composition improvement
Metabolic rate increase
Muscular fitness improvement
Perceived health improvement

This study compared the effects of Tai Chi and walking exercise on body composition, aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, and other health markers in middle-aged Chinese.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Community-based interventions to reduce falls among older adults in Taiwan - long time follow-up randomised controlled study.

Author: HuangHui-Chi, LiuChieh-Yu, HuangYu-Tai, KernohanW George

Improved balance
Reduced falls

Education plus Tai Chi Chuan effectively reduced falls and risk factors in older adults, both immediately and in the long term. While all three interventions (education, Tai Chi Chuan, and education plus Tai Chi Chuan) showed a significant reduction in falls after one year, education plus Tai Chi Chuan proved the most effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Tai Chi on psychological well-being: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WangChenchen, BannuruRaveendhara, RamelJudith, KupelnickBruce, ScottTammy, SchmidChristopher H

Psychological well-being

This study reviews research on the effects of Tai Chi on stress, anxiety, depression, and mood in both Eastern and Western populations. While exercise is generally beneficial for mental health, this study specifically examines the impact of Tai Chi, a form of gentle exercise and meditation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on insulin and cytokine levels in a randomized controlled pilot study on breast cancer survivors.

Author: JanelsinsMichelle C, DavisPaul G, WidemanLaurie, KatulaJeffrey A, SprodLisa K, PepponeLuke J, PaleshOxana G, HecklerCharles E, WilliamsJacqueline P, MorrowGary R, MustianKaren M

Improved quality of life
Increased survival
Reduced weight gain

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) offers potential benefits similar to moderate-intensity exercise for breast cancer survivors, particularly in reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving insulin sensitivity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Mitigating cellular inflammation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi Chih.

Author: IrwinMichael R, OlmsteadRichard

Depressive symptom reduction
IL-6 reduction

Tai Chi Chih (TCC) was found to be a potentially effective behavioral intervention for reducing circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in older adults with high baseline levels. TCC produced a drop in IL-6 comparable to those with low baseline levels, while health education did not.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Psychological effects of Tai Chi Chuan.

Author: JimenezP J, MelendezA, AlbersU

Improved mental well-being
Potential for psychological benefits
Psychological benefits of Tai Chi Chuan
Needs further research
Unclear mechanisms

This article reviews research on the psychological benefits of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practice. It analyzes the research methods used and examines the actual benefits observed and their potential causes. The review offers a new way to classify and analyze the psychological factors involved in TCC practice, providing a framework for future research.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

A pilot cluster-randomized trial of a 20-week Tai Chi program in elders with cognitive impairment and osteoarthritic knee: effects on pain and other health outcomes.

Author: TsaiPao-Feng, ChangJason Y, BeckCornelia, KuoYong-Fang, KeefeFrancis J

Reduced pain
Reduced stiffness

Tai Chi (TC) is effective in reducing pain and stiffness in community-dwelling elders with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and cognitive impairment (CI). The TC group showed significant improvements in WOMAC pain and stiffness scores compared to the control group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

14.

The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WangFang, LeeEun-Kyoung Othelia, WuTaixiang, BensonHerbert, FricchioneGregory, WangWeidong, YeungAlbert S

Mind-body balance
Potential for health benefits
Tai chi for health
Needs further research
Unclear specific effects

Tai chi, a mind-body exercise originating in China, combines slow, flowing movements with mental focus and relaxed breathing. This practice shows promise for preventing and treating various physical and mental health conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

Effect of tai chi on cognitive performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WaynePeter M, WalshJacquelyn N, Taylor-PiliaeRuth E, WellsRebecca E, PappKathryn V, DonovanNancy J, YehGloria Y

cognitive function

Tai Chi shows potential to enhance cognitive function in older adults, particularly in the realm of executive functioning and in individuals without significant impairment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Health benefits of qigong or tai chi for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Author: ZengYingchun, LuoTaizhen, XieHuaan, HuangMeiling, ChengAndy S K

Qigong for cancer
Tai chi for cancer

This study reviewed clinical controlled trials of qigong/tai chi as a cancer treatment, evaluating its effects on health-related outcomes in cancer patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Applying Tai Chi as a rehabilitation program for stroke patients in the recovery phase: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: ZhangYong, LiuHongwei, ZhouLi, ChenKai, JinHe, ZouYihuai, LiZongheng

Tai Chi
Stroke

This study highlights the impact of stroke on patients' quality of life and focuses on the potential benefits of Tai Chi as a form of rehabilitation. While previous research has examined Tai Chi for stroke recovery, this study specifically looks at the recovery phase (2 to 24 weeks) after stroke. The study aims to investigate the effects of Tai Chi during this crucial recovery period.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Tai chi, cellular inflammation, and transcriptome dynamics in breast cancer survivors with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: IrwinMichael R, OlmsteadRichard, BreenElizabeth C, WitaramaTuff, CarrilloCarmen, SadeghiNina, ArevaloJesusa M G, MaJeffrey, NicassioPerry, GanzPatricia A, BowerJulienne E, ColeSteve

Tai Chi Chih
Breast cancer

Tai Chi Chih (TCC) reduced systemic, cellular, and genomic markers of inflammation compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in breast cancer survivors.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Tai Chi and the Protection of Cognitive Ability: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies in Healthy Adults.

Author: ZhengGuohua, LiuFeiwen, LiShuzhen, HuangMaomao, TaoJing, ChenLidian

Cognitive protection

Tai Chi may be a protective intervention for age-related cognitive decline. This systematic review evaluates the effects of Tai Chi on the cognitive abilities of healthy adults.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Does Tai Chi relieve fatigue? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: XiangYu, LuLiming, ChenXiankun, WenZehuai

Reduced fatigue

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of Tai Chi for fatigue, summarizing findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Effects of Tai Chi-based cardiac rehabilitation on aerobic endurance, psychosocial well-being, and cardiovascular risk reduction among patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: LiuTing, ChanAileen Wk, LiuYun Hong, Taylor-PiliaeRuth E

Cardiovascular health improvement

This review evaluated the effects of Tai Chi-based cardiac rehabilitation on aerobic endurance, psychosocial well-being, and cardiovascular disease risk reduction for coronary heart disease patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

The Impact of Combined Music and Tai Chi on Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: LiaoS J, TanM P, ChongM C, ChuaY P

Reduced depressive symptoms

This study evaluated the potential synergistic effect of combined music and Tai Chi therapy on depressive symptoms in older persons, highlighting the effectiveness of these therapies when used separately.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

An integrative Tai Chi program for patients with breast cancer undergoing cancer therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility study.

Author: LiuLizhou, PetrichSimone, McLarenBlair, KellyLyndell, BaxterG David

Improved breast cancer care

An integrative Tai Chi (ANITA) program may be a feasible and effective intervention for breast cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Effects of Tai Chi on balance and gait in stroke survivors: A systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: LiGai Yan, WangWei, LiuGong Liang, ZhangYing

Improved gait ability

This meta-analysis investigated the effects of Tai chi on balance and gait in stroke survivors. Tai chi showed a significant benefit for gait ability in the short term, but no significant difference in dynamic standing balance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the long-term effects of Tai chi.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

25.

The impact of group-based Tai chi on health-status outcomes among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension.

Author: MaChunhua, ZhouWei, TangQiubo, HuangShuling

Blood pressure reduction
Improved quality of life

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of group-based Tai chi on health-status outcomes in older adults with hypertension. Participants in the Tai chi group showed significantly lower blood pressure, body mass index, and depressive symptoms, as well as greater improvements in social support and quality of life compared to those in the usual care group. These findings suggest that group-based Tai chi can enhance health-status outcomes for older adults with hypertension.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

A modified 6-form Tai Chi for patients with COPD.

Author: ZhuSucui, ShiKun, YanJin, HeZhiping, WangYan, YiQifeng, HuangHui

Exercise capacity
Health status
Improved lung function

A study of patients with COPD found that modified Tai Chi improved lung function, exercise capacity, dyspnea symptoms, and health status.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Tai Chi and Electronic Tablet Use on Older Adults' Cognition and Health.

Author: Mastel-SmithBeth, DukeGloria, HeZhaomin

Cognitive scaffolding
Health promotion

Tai Chi and electronic tablet (ET) interventions are feasible activities that can be delivered in the community and have the potential to promote compensatory scaffolding for older adults. However, there was no significant difference in cognition and health scores between the two groups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

28.

Effects of 12 Weeks of Tai Chi Intervention in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Cruz-DíazDavid, KimKyung-Min, Hita-ContrerasFidel, BergaminMarco, Aibar-AlmazánAgustin, Martínez-AmatAntonio

Improved balance
Reduced instability

A 12-week Tai Chi intervention significantly improved dynamic balance and self-reported instability in patients with chronic ankle instability, compared to a control group. The Tai Chi group showed significant improvements in all Star Excursion Balance Test reach distances, and also reported less instability feeling on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

29.

The Effects of Tai Chi on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Lower-limb Physical Function, and Cognitive Ability in Adults Aged Over 60: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: ZhouShengwen, ZhangYanjie, KongZhaowei, LoprinziPaul D, HuYang, YeJiajie, LiuShijie, YuJane Jie, ZouLiye

Arterial stiffness reduction
Cognitive ability improvement
Physical function improvement
Tai Chi

This study found that Tai Chi exercise improved arterial stiffness, lower limb function, and cognitive ability in adults over 60. Participants who did Tai Chi for 56 minutes per week showed the biggest improvements in arterial stiffness and balance compared to those who did Tai Chi for shorter periods.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

30.

Different training durations and styles of tai chi for glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Author: XiaTing-Wei, YangYue, LiWei-Hong, TangZhao-Hui, LiZong-Run, QiaoLi-Jun

Improved T2D treatment

This updated systematic review examines the effects of Tai Chi on patients with type 2 diabetes based on different training durations and styles, highlighting the importance of physical activity in diabetes management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

31.

Qigong or Tai Chi in Cancer Care: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: ZengYingchun, XieXiaohua, ChengAndy S K

Fatigue reduction
Sleep quality improvement
Anxiety
Cognitive impairment
Depressive symptoms
Stress

Qigong and Tai Chi interventions show promise for cancer survivors, particularly in reducing fatigue and improving sleep quality. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore long-term effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

32.

Effects of a Modified Tai Chi Program on Older People with Mild Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: HuangNayan, LiWenjie, RongXiangjiang, ChampMei, WeiLian, LiMo, MuHaiyan, HuYueqing, MaZongjuan, LyuJihui

Cognitive function improvement
Mental well-being improvement
Tai Chi
Mild dementia

A Tai Chi program specifically modified for older people with mild dementia may help improve cognitive function and mental well-being.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

33.

Effect of Tai Chi on post-stroke non-motor disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: LyuDiyang, WangJichen, YangFan, ZhangYong, ZhangWeijiao, LiuHongwei, LyuXuanxin, FangBoyan

Depression alleviation

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on non-motor disorders in post-stroke patients. Analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials showed that Tai Chi may alleviate post-stroke depression but has no clear effects on post-stroke cognitive or sleep disorders. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

34.

No panacea? Tai Chi enhances motoric but not executive functioning in a normal aging population.

Author: GerritsenRoderik J S, LafeberJoëlle, van den BeukelNaomi, BandGuido P H

Improved motor function

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on cognitive control and motor functioning in an aging population, finding evidence for TCC benefits on functional balance and motor speed, but not on cognitive control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

35.

The effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi for patients with essential hypertension: study protocol for an open-label single-center randomized controlled trial.

Author: LiYuxi, ZhongDongling, DongChao, ShiLihong, ZhengYaling, LiuYongguo, LiQiaoqin, ZhengHui, LiJuan, LiuTianyu, JinRongjiang

Tai Chi efficacy

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise for essential hypertension. The study will compare Tai Chi to walking and waiting-list control in a randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome is the change in average 24-h systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes include changes in diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure variability, quality of life, and adverse events. The study aims to provide robust evidence for the application of Tai Chi in managing essential hypertension.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

36.

Tai Chi for cancer survivors: A systematic review toward consensus-based guidelines.

Author: YangLin, Winters-StoneKerri, RanaBenny, CaoChao, CarlsonLinda E, CourneyaKerry S, FriedenreichChristine M, SchmitzKathryn H

Fatigue reduction
Sleep improvement

This systematic review evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Tai Chi for cancer survivors across the care continuum. Tai Chi showed potential benefits in improving fatigue and sleep quality, but more research is needed to confirm these findings and examine its impact on other cancer-related outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

37.

Combined Tai Chi and cognitive interventions for older adults with or without cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Author: LiFei, WangLi, QinYan, LiuGuiying

Enhanced cognition

This review evaluated the effects of combined Tai Chi (TC) and cognitive interventions on older adults. The review found that combining TC with cognitive interventions may provide more benefits than a single intervention, suggesting further research is needed to confirm this finding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

38.

Effects of tai chi and Qigong on cognition in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WangYuxin, ZhangQi, LiFei, LiQi, JinYi

Improved cognitive function

Tai chi and Qigong were effective in improving cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and traumatic brain injury.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

39.

Benefits of Tai Chi Quan on neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review.

Author: WangRui, ZhouHao, WangYu-Chen, ChangXiao-Long, WangXue-Qiang

Cognition improvement
Mood improvement
Motor function improvement
Quality of life improvement

Tai Chi Quan (TCQ) has potential benefits for brain health and chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

40.

Comparing the Effects of Bafa Wubu Tai Chi and Traditional He-Style Tai Chi Exercises on Physical Health Risk Factors in Overweight Male College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: NiuYantao, BuranarugsaRojapon, KuhirunyaratnPiyathida

Improved blood lipids
Improved body composition

This study evaluated the effects of Bafa Wubu Tai Chi (BW-TC) and traditional He-style Tai Chi (TH-TC) exercises on physical health risk factors in overweight male college students. Both Tai Chi interventions were effective in improving body composition and blood lipids, with no significant differences between the two forms. The study concludes that Tai Chi exercises are a beneficial intervention for improving physical health risk factors in overweight university students.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

41.

Effects of tai chi on postural balance and quality of life among the elderly with gait disorders: A systematic review.

Author: XuFan, SohKim Geok, ChanYoke Mun, BaiXiao Rong, QiFengmeng, DengNuannuan

Improved postural balance
Improved quality of life

Tai Chi intervention benefits postural balance in patients with gait disorders. 12 weeks is the most common intervention period. The Yang style Tai Chi intervention is the most widely used.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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