Side Effects of minocycline: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Findings

Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic commonly used for treating skin conditions like acne and rosacea. However, various side effects are associated with its use, including gastrointestinal issues, dizziness, and hyperpigmentation. 4 19

Minocycline can also cause more serious side effects, such as liver toxicity, fever, and rash. 4

Reasons for Side Effects

Minocycline, being an antibiotic, primarily targets bacteria, but it can also affect human cells. 21 The antibiotic might interfere with protein synthesis in human cells, and it can potentially influence the immune system. These effects are believed to be the root cause of the observed side effects.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal Issues

Minocycline can cause gastrointestinal issues, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. 9

Dizziness

Minocycline can cause dizziness, including vertigo and balance problems. This is due to its potential impact on cells in the inner ear. 2

Skin Pigmentation

Minocycline may lead to skin pigmentation, causing darkening of the skin or the appearance of spots. 13

Liver Toxicity

Minocycline has the potential to cause liver toxicity, characterized by symptoms like jaundice, liver swelling, and liver function abnormalities. 4

Other Side Effects

Beyond these common side effects, minocycline can also cause fever, rash, headache, joint pain, indigestion, hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia, and neurological problems. 10

Managing Side Effects

Gastrointestinal Issues

To mitigate gastrointestinal issues, it is recommended to take minocycline with food or a small amount of water. 9

Dizziness

To reduce dizziness, it is advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while on minocycline. 2

Skin Pigmentation

Discontinuing minocycline may help to reduce skin pigmentation. 13

Liver Toxicity

Regular liver function tests are recommended to manage liver toxicity associated with minocycline. 4

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown that minocycline can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal issues, dizziness, skin pigmentation, and liver toxicity. 2 4 13 9

Differences

These studies show variation in the incidence and severity of minocycline side effects. 2 4 13 9 This variation might stem from factors like the minocycline dosage, the duration of treatment, and the age and health conditions of the individuals in the studies.

Considerations for Real-Life Application

While minocycline is an effective treatment for acne and rosacea, it’s crucial to remember the associated side effects. 21 Before starting minocycline, it is essential to consult a doctor to discuss the risks and benefits.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still limited research on the side effects of minocycline. Further studies are needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its impact.

Directions for Future Research

Future research should investigate the incidence and severity of minocycline side effects based on factors such as dosage, treatment duration, age, and overall health. Additionally, new methods for mitigating the side effects of minocycline should be developed.

Conclusion

Minocycline is an effective treatment for acne and rosacea, but it carries the risk of side effects. 21 It’s essential to discuss the risks and benefits with a doctor before starting minocycline. 21 Research efforts are needed to develop new ways to reduce the side effects of minocycline. 21

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
6
Article Type
5
1
1
5
24
1.

Side effects of minocycline: different dosage regimens.

Author: GumpD W, AshikagaT, FinkT J, RadinA M

Lower dose effective
Nausea

Minocycline at doses of 150 mg and 200 mg per day had similar side effect profiles in women. Volunteers taking 150 mg had lower serum concentrations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Side effects of minocycline: a double-blind study.

Author: FanningW L, GumpD W, SoffermanR A

High incidence of side effects in women
Vestibular side effects

Minocycline caused a higher incidence of side effects in women than men. This may be related to higher serum concentrations in women, which could be due to their smaller size.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Symptomatic dermographism induced by oral minocycline: A report of four cases.

Author: YangXianjie, KongMinmin, WangHuan, SongZhiqiang, ChenQiquan

SD induction

This study reports four cases of symptomatic dermographism (SD) onset during minocycline administration. Four young women in their 20s to 30s who were taking minocycline orally for acne vulgaris or rosacea developed SD 2-3 weeks after starting minocycline. The SD completely disappeared 1 month after stopping the drug. While other drugs were ruled out, minocycline was thought to be the culprit drug. This suggests a potential association between oral minocycline and SD, which requires further investigation to confirm and understand the mechanism.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Minocycline-Induced Hyperpigmentation in a Patient Treated with Erlotinib for Non-Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Author: BellAnn T, RomanJohn W, GratrixMax L, BrzezniakChristina E

Progression-free survival
Skin eruption

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have improved progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, papulopustular skin eruption is a frequent and sometimes severe adverse effect requiring oral minocycline or doxycycline treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

6.

Medical and Maintenance Treatments for Vitiligo.

Author: PasseronThierry

Vitiligo treatment
Side effects

Medical treatments, with or without phototherapy, are key approaches for treating vitiligo, halting disease progression and inducing repigmentation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

[Management of chronic osteomyelitis by long-term antibiotic suppression].

Author: KaboreC, WoutersA, FrippiatF, GilletP

Osteomyelitis treatment
Drug resistance
Side effects

Chronic osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone, and can last for many months or years. While there are treatments available, they can be challenging for patients because they require surgery and antibiotics. In this report, we discuss a case of chronic osteomyelitis that was treated with long-term antibiotics.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : French

8.

A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline in patients with Angelman syndrome (A-MANECE study).

Author: Ruiz-AntoranBelén, Sancho-LópezAranzazu, Cazorla-CallejaRosario, López-PájaroLuis Fernando, LeivaÁgata, Iglesias-EscaleraGema, Marín-SerranoMaria Esperanza, Rincón-OrtegaMarta, Lara-HerguedasJulián, Rossignoli-PalomequeTeresa, Valiente-RodríguezSara, González-MarquesJavier, Román-RiechmannEnriqueta, Avendaño-SoláCristina

Angelman Syndrome Treatment

Minocycline is an old antibiotic that has been shown to help with some neurological problems in mice. A study looked at whether it could help people with Angelman Syndrome, a genetic disorder. The study showed that minocycline helped some patients but not others. More research is needed to understand how it works.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Side effects of minocycline treatment in patients with fragile X syndrome and exploration of outcome measures.

Author: UtariAgustini, ChonchaiyaWeerasak, RiveraSusan M, SchneiderAndrea, HagermanRandi J, FaradzSultana M H, EthellIryna M, NguyenDanh V

Behavioral improvement
Language improvement
Synaptic structure rescue
Gastrointestinal difficulty

This review summarizes the potential use of minocycline for treating fragile X syndrome, based on its ability to rescue dendritic spine and synaptic abnormalities in a mouse model. A preliminary survey of 50 patients with fragile X syndrome who received minocycline indicates gastrointestinal difficulties as the most common side effect and reported improvements in language and behavior. However, further research, including randomized clinical trials, is necessary to determine minocycline's efficacy in treating fragile X syndrome.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

10.

Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity Induced by Polymyxins and Chemoprevention.

Author: DaiChongshan, XiaoXilong, LiJichang, CiccotostoGiuseppe D, CappaiRoberto, TangShusheng, Schneider-FutschikElena K, HoyerDaniel, VelkovTony, ShenJianzhong

Neuroprotective
Neurotoxicity

Polymyxin antibiotics, such as colistin, can cause neurotoxicity. This neurotoxicity is characterized by neurological symptoms like dizziness, seizures, and paresthesias. Polymyxin-induced nerve damage is related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neuroprotective agents, such as curcumin, rapamycin, and minocycline, may help to limit this neurotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Chronic Suppressive Antibiotic Treatment for Staphylococcal Bone and Joint Implant-Related Infections.

Author: CeccarelliGiancarlo, PerciballiBeatrice, RussoAlessandro, MartiniPaolo, MarchettiFrancesco, CapparucciaMarco Rivano, IaianiGiancarlo, FabrisSilvia, CiccozziMassimo, VillaniCiro, VendittiMario, D'EttorreGabriella, De MeoDaniele

Treatment for PJI and FRI
Antibiotic side effects

This study investigates the role of chronic oral antimicrobial suppression (COAS) in managing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and fracture-related infection (FRI) in patients not eligible for standard treatments. COAS was found to be effective in some patients but required careful monitoring due to potential side effects and relapses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Minocycline and doxycycline therapy in community patients with rheumatoid arthritis: prescribing patterns, patient-level determinants of use, and patient-reported side effects.

Author: SmithChristopher J, SaylesHarlan, MikulsTed R, MichaudKaleb

Improved rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
Side effects

Minocycline and doxycycline are safe and moderately effective in treating early rheumatoid arthritis, but their use outside of clinical trials is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize their use in community-dwelling patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Antibiotics and mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly.

Author: DinanKatherine, DinanTimothy

Antidepressant activity
Anxiety
Depression

Antibiotics can sometimes cause mental health problems like depression and anxiety. This article explores how antibiotics affect the brain-gut-microbiota axis, the complex connection between the brain, the gut, and the bacteria that live there. It highlights the potential benefits and risks of antibiotics on mental health.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The effect of bupropion augmentation of minocycline in the treatment of depression.

Author: BendaleMonica, DSouzaSharon Ronald, AddepalliVeeranjaneyulu, KalePravin Popatrao

Depression treatment

This study investigated the effects of combining bupropion (an antidepressant) and minocycline (an antibiotic) in mice. The combination was found to be more effective in reducing depression-like behaviors than either drug alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatment on major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms: meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Author: Köhler-ForsbergO, N LydholmC, HjorthøjC, NordentoftM, MorsO, BenrosM E

Improved depressive symptoms
Side effects

This systematic review investigated the antidepressant effects of anti-inflammatory agents in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Anti-inflammatory agents improved depressive symptoms compared to placebo, with larger effects observed for NSAIDs, cytokine inhibitors, and statins. Future RCTs are needed to identify optimal doses and subgroups of patients who may benefit from anti-inflammatory interventions.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Targeting the Endocannabinoid System for Prevention or Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain: Studies in Animal Models.

Author: MasochaWillias

CINP prevention
CINP treatment

Cannabinoids may play a role in preventing or treating chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP). Targeting the endocannabinoid system could be a therapeutic option for CINP.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Acupuncture inhibits the activation of spinal microglia in the acute uterine cervical distension rats.

Author: LeiWeiping, JiangJinjin, HuangYaqin, ZhangLing, YuYang, XueJuan, YuLiang, SunJianliang

drug side effects
labor pain

Spinal microglia may be involved in labor pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum-A randomized clinical trial.

Author: HanumanthuVinod, ThakurVishal, NarangTarun, DograSunil

ENL control
Reduced steroid use
ENL recurrence

This study compared the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in patients with chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Minocycline led to a faster initial control of ENL and a longer remission duration compared to clofazimine, with fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Minocycline for prophylaxis of infection with Neisseria meningitidis: high rate of side effects in recipients.

Author: DrewT M, AltmanR, BlackK, GoldfieldM

Vestibular side effects

Minocycline, used for prophylaxis against meningococcal infection, caused a high rate of vestibular side effects (78%) in 83 contacts of a patient who died of meningitis. These side effects were often seen soon after starting the medication. This suggests that minocycline may not be suitable for widespread use as a prophylactic agent for meningococcal infection.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Side effects of minocycline: a double-blind study.

Author: FanningW L, GumpD W, SoffermanR A

High incidence of side effects in women
Vestibular side effects

Minocycline caused a higher incidence of side effects in women than men. This may be related to higher serum concentrations in women, which could be due to their smaller size.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

27.

A Review of Systemic Minocycline Side Effects and Topical Minocycline as a Safer Alternative for Treating Acne and Rosacea.

Author: MartinsAna M, MartoJoana M, JohnsonJodi L, GraberEmmy M

Anti-inflammatory properties
Topical treatment option
Drug-induced lupus
Hypersensitivity syndrome

This review discusses the increasing resistance of Cutibacterium acnes to topical antibiotics used for treating acne. The review highlights the potential of topical minocycline formulations as a treatment option, offering fewer adverse effects and less drug interaction compared to oral minocycline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

28.

Beneficial Effect of Minocycline as Additional Treatment to Prednisone for Pustular Erythema Nodosum Leprosum.

Author: GunawanHendra, FaldianYogi, HindritianiReti

Pustular ENL treatment

This case report describes the successful treatment of pustular erythema nodosum leprosum with minocycline.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

29.

Minocycline-Induced Gum Pigmentation during Treatment for Acne Vulgaris.

Author: WangJami, BrownIsabella, GoodarziHeidi

Acne treatment
Hyperpigmentation

Minocycline is an antibiotic commonly used for acne treatment. A case study reports an 18-year-old female experiencing dark blue pigmentation on her gums after long-term minocycline use. The pigmentation gradually decreased after discontinuing the medication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

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