Side Effects of oxybutynin: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Oxybutynin is a medication used to treat conditions like overactive bladder and excessive sweating in the palms (primary palmar hyperhidrosis). Research has indicated that oxybutynin can be effective in managing these conditions. However, it is important to note that oxybutynin can also cause side effects.

For instance, a study 8 compared oxybutynin gel and nanoemulsion gel in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Both forms were found to be effective, but the nanoemulsion gel was reported to have fewer side effects.

Another study 13 investigated the safety and tolerability of solifenacin (another anticholinergic medication) in children and adolescents with overactive bladder. The results suggested that solifenacin might offer an alternative with potentially fewer side effects compared to other therapies.

A study 17 developed oxybutynin nanosuspension gel for transdermal absorption. This formulation demonstrated less skin irritation and higher drug absorption compared to conventional transdermal preparations.

Reasons for Side Effects

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication, meaning it blocks the action of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating various bodily functions. Oxybutynin’s blocking action helps to reduce bladder contractions and sweat production. However, since acetylcholine affects various organs like the eyes, heart, and digestive system, oxybutynin can also impact these areas, leading to side effects.

Common Side Effects

Dry Mouth

Dry mouth is a frequently reported side effect of oxybutynin. This occurs because oxybutynin inhibits salivary gland secretion. 11 observed a higher incidence of dry mouth in patients who took a combination of oxybutynin and atomoxetine.

Constipation

Constipation can result from oxybutynin slowing down bowel movements. 19 lists constipation as a potential side effect of oxybutynin.

Visual Disturbances

Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, can occur due to oxybutynin constricting the pupils of the eyes. 2 mentions visual disturbances as a side effect of oxybutynin.

Difficulty Urinating

Difficulty urinating, or urinary retention, can be a side effect of oxybutynin due to its effect on bladder contractions. 14 includes difficulty urinating among the potential side effects of oxybutynin.

Other

Besides these common side effects, oxybutynin can cause various other side effects including dizziness, headaches, drowsiness, palpitations, and skin rashes. 5 reported that low-dose oxybutynin had fewer side effects compared to high-dose oxybutynin.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Dry Mouth

To manage dry mouth, it is crucial to stay adequately hydrated. Carry a water bottle and drink fluids frequently throughout the day. Sucking on gum or candies can also provide temporary relief.

Constipation

Constipation can be prevented by increasing dietary fiber intake. It’s also important to stay well-hydrated. If constipation persists, consult with a doctor.

Visual Disturbances

If you experience visual disturbances, refrain from driving or operating machinery. It’s recommended to consult an ophthalmologist for appropriate treatment.

Difficulty Urinating

If you have difficulty urinating, seek medical advice from your doctor. This could indicate that your oxybutynin dosage is too high or there might be other underlying causes such as bladder issues. Your doctor may adjust your dosage or recommend alternative treatment methods.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Several studies have consistently shown that oxybutynin is effective in improving symptoms related to overactive bladder and primary palmar hyperhidrosis. A common finding across these studies is the potential for oxybutynin to cause side effects.

Differences of Studies

The occurrence and types of side effects associated with oxybutynin can vary depending on the specific study. This is likely attributed to differences in the study participants and methodologies. For example, 8 reported that the nanoemulsion gel had fewer side effects, but other studies may not have observed a significant difference between the nanoemulsion gel and the gel formulation.

Points to Note Regarding Application in Real Life

While oxybutynin can be a beneficial treatment, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects. Before starting oxybutynin, discuss it with your doctor and choose a treatment plan that is suitable for your individual needs and health status. Stay attentive to any side effects while taking oxybutynin, and seek medical advice if needed.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of oxybutynin is not yet extensive. Particularly, long-term side effects have not been thoroughly studied. Additionally, side effects can vary from person to person. Further research is necessary to determine the most effective treatment approach for individual patients.

Future Research Directions

There is a need for research into developing new treatments that can minimize the side effects of oxybutynin. Research focused on identifying biomarkers that can predict the occurrence of side effects in individuals is also crucial. Progress in these research areas could lead to improvements in the safety of oxybutynin, allowing more patients to benefit from its therapeutic effects without undue concerns.

Conclusion

Oxybutynin is an effective medication for managing conditions like overactive bladder and primary palmar hyperhidrosis. However, it’s crucial to be aware of the potential side effects. Discuss oxybutynin with your doctor before starting treatment and choose a plan that suits your individual health needs. Pay attention to any side effects while on oxybutynin, and don’t hesitate to consult your doctor if you have any concerns. Research on the side effects of oxybutynin is ongoing, and future studies are expected to provide a deeper understanding of its safety and efficacy.

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
6
2
2
4
19
1.

Comparison of the effectiveness and side-effects of tolterodine and oxybutynin in children with detrusor instability.

Author: KilicNizamettin, BalkanEmin, AkgozSemra, SenNuri, DogruyolHasan

Reduced urge urinary incontinence
Side-effects

Tolterodine and oxybutynin were equally effective in reducing urge urinary incontinence episodes in children with detrusor instability. Tolterodine had significantly fewer side effects, which may improve compliance during long-term treatment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Ocular side-effects of tolterodine and oxybutynin, a single-blind prospective randomized trial.

Author: Altan-YayciogluR, YayciogluO, Aydin AkovaY, GuvelS, OzkardesH

Improved accommodation
Reduced pupillary diameter
Reduced tear break-up time
Blurred vision
Dry eye

Tolterodine did not significantly affect visual accommodation, but it did increase pupillary diameter in dim light. Oxybutynin significantly decreased visual accommodation. Both medications were associated with shorter tear film break-up time.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence.

Author: DavilaG W, DaughertyC A, SandersS W,

Improved incontinence
Reduced dry mouth
Skin erythema

Transdermal oxybutynin was found to be as effective as oral oxybutynin in treating urge urinary incontinence, but with a significantly improved side effect profile. Both treatments resulted in a decrease in daily incontinent episodes (66% for transdermal and 72% for oral). Dry mouth occurred in significantly fewer patients in the transdermal group (38%) compared to the oral group (94%).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Side-effects of oral or intravesical oxybutynin chloride in children with spina bifida.

Author: FerraraP, D'AleoC M, TarquiniE, SalvatoreS, SalvaggioE

Neurogenic bladder treatment
Side effects

Intravesical oxybutynin is more effective and better tolerated than oral oxybutynin in treating children with meningomyelocele and a neurogenic bladder, although cognitive impairment can occur with both methods.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Low-dose oxybutynin for the treatment of urge incontinence: good efficacy and few side effects.

Author: BemelmansB L, KiemeneyL A, DebruyneF M

Effective urge incontinence treatment
Side effects

Low-dose oxybutynin (2.5 mg three times daily) is efficacious for the treatment of urge incontinence.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Intravesical oxybutynin for neurogenic bladder dysfunction: less systemic side effects due to reduced first pass metabolism.

Author: BuyseG, WaldeckK, VerpoortenC, BjörkH, CasaerP, AnderssonK E

Neurogenic bladder treatment

The study explored the differences in absorption and metabolism of oxybutynin after intravesical and oral administration. This may explain why intravesical oxybutynin is more effective and has fewer side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnea - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: LeeYi-Chieh, LuChun-Ting, ChuangLi-Pang, LeeLi-Ang, FangTuan-Jen, ChengWen-Nuan, LiHsueh-Yu

OSA severity reduction
Side effects

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of combined noradrenergic and antimuscarinic agents for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The combined regimen showed a positive but modest effect in reducing OSA severity, particularly in male patients.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Treating Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Older Adults: Intravesical Options.

Author: GangulyAnirban, TyagiShachi, ChermanskyChristopher, KanaiAnthony, BeckelJonathan, HashimotoMamoru, ChoKang Jun, ChancellorMichael, KaufmanJonathan, YoshimuraNaoki, TyagiPradeep

Lower urinary tract symptoms treatment
Adverse drug reactions

This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older adults. The challenges include neurodegenerative changes in the micturition reflex, age-related decline in liver and kidney function, and increased risk of adverse drug reactions. This article highlights the benefits of intravesical antimuscarinics over oral antimuscarinics in managing these symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

One Month Dosing of Atomoxetine plus Oxybutynin in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial.

Author: AishahAtqiya, LofflerKelly A, TosonBarbara, MukherjeeSutapa, AdamsRobert J, AltreeThomas J, Ainge-AllenHenry W, YeeBrendon J, GrunsteinRonald R, CarberryJayne C, EckertDanny J

Ato-oxy combination
OSA treatment
Dry mouth
Increased heart rate

This study investigated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of long-term use of atomoxetine combined with oxybutynin for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The combination was generally well tolerated, with a side-effect profile consistent with each individual drug. The highest dose combination was associated with a significant reduction in hypoxic burden, highlighting the potential of targeting noradrenergic and antimuscarinic mechanisms for OSA pharmacotherapy development.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Safety and tolerability of solifenacin in children and adolescents with overactive bladder- a systematic review.

Author: RamanGayathri, TunnicliffeDavid, LaiElise, BennettTrish, CaldwellPatrina

Alternative treatment for OAB
Anticholinergic side effects

Solifenacin, an anticholinergic, is being investigated for its safety and tolerability in treating overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) in children. It offers an alternative to other therapies with potentially fewer anticholinergic side effects.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

[Short version of the S2k guideline on drug therapy of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD)].

Author: KutzenbergerJ, AngermundA, DomurathB, MöhrS, PretzerJ, SoljanikI, Kirschner-HermannsR

This guideline outlines the drug therapy for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in Germany, a condition affecting about one million people. NLUTD can lead to serious complications if left untreated, and this guideline provides recommendations for long-term care and management of this condition.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

16.

Atomoxetine and fesoterodine combination improves obstructive sleep apnoea severity in patients with milder upper airway collapsibility.

Author: MessineoLudovico, Taranto-MontemurroLuigi, CalianeseNicole, GellLaura K, AzarbarzinAli, LabarcaGonzalo, VenaDan, YangHyung Chae, WangTsai-Yu, WellmanAndrew, SandsScott A

Genioglossus activity increase
OSA reduction
Side effects

Atomoxetine is a medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has been shown to improve sleep apnoea when combined with oxybutynin, a medication for overactive bladder. This study investigates whether a combination of atomoxetine and a newer medication for overactive bladder, fesoterodine, can also help improve sleep apnoea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Comprehensive overview of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder in children.

Author: RamsaySophie, LapointeÉlisabeth, BolducStéphane

Improve quality of life

This review discusses the management of overactive bladder (OAB) in children. Conservative measures should be the primary treatment approach. When conservative management fails, pharmacological options should be considered.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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