Effective treatment of parathyroid disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a condition that causes sudden onset of inflammation in the body, which can lead to bone loss. 5 . Treatment for PMR typically involves corticosteroids, which can also have negative effects on bones. 5 . This study examined the relative contributions of inflammation and corticosteroid treatment to bone loss by analyzing biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone density over time.

More than half of PMR patients experience a relapse during the tapering of corticosteroid therapy. 20 . Previous research suggests that blocking interleukin-6 could be an effective treatment for PMR. 20 . Sarilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, targets and inhibits the interleukin-6 pathway.

PMR is a common inflammatory disease affecting older adults, but its underlying cause is unknown. 19 . Glucocorticoids are the primary treatment, but they come with numerous side effects. 19 . Researchers are exploring potential causes and seeking alternative treatments that could reduce the reliance on glucocorticoids. 19 . This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of PMR and assess the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib, a Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) inhibitor, in treating PMR.

The standard treatment for PMR is steroids. 7 . The effectiveness of methotrexate as a treatment option has not yet been proven through controlled studies.

A comprehensive review of evidence was conducted to understand the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions and prognostic factors in PMR. 13 . Data was gathered from Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (from 1970 to April 2014). The quality of evidence (QoE) in the reviewed studies was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for interventions and the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) methodology for prognostic factors. A total of 52 articles were selected from 10,931 titles.

Treatment Summary

Corticosteroids are the primary treatment for PMR. 5 . As many patients experience relapses while tapering off corticosteroids, interleukin-6 inhibitors, such as sarilumab, are being investigated as potential treatments. 20 . JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, are also being explored as alternative treatments. 19 . Methotrexate may offer a way to reduce steroid dependency. 4 , 7 , 13 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in treating PMR. 5 . Methotrexate may help reduce the reliance on steroids. 4 , 7 , 13 . New drugs like sarilumab and tofacitinib are being developed as potential alternatives to corticosteroids. 20 , 19 .

Risk Summary

Corticosteroids can have negative effects on bones. 5 . Methotrexate can cause side effects, such as liver dysfunction. 3 . The safety of new drugs like sarilumab and tofacitinib is still being studied. 20 , 19 .

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies confirm the effectiveness of corticosteroids in treating PMR. 5 , 7 , 13 . Many studies are focused on developing alternative treatments that can reduce the need for corticosteroids. 20 , 19 .

Differences

Findings regarding the effectiveness of methotrexate vary across different studies. 4 , 7 , 13 . The development of new medications, such as sarilumab and tofacitinib, as potential alternatives to corticosteroids is underway. 20 , 19 . More research is needed to determine their effectiveness and safety.

Consistency and Contradictions of Findings

The effectiveness of corticosteroids for treating PMR is consistently supported by numerous studies. 5 , 7 , 13 . However, the effectiveness of methotrexate has been inconsistent across studies. 4 , 7 , 13 . The efficacy and safety of newer drugs like sarilumab and tofacitinib require further investigation. 20 , 19 . More research is essential to determine the best treatment options for PMR.

Considerations for Real-World Applications

Corticosteroids are the initial choice for treating PMR. 5 . However, their impact on bone health warrants exploring steroid-sparing medications, such as methotrexate, for long-term management. 4 , 7 , 13 . Newer drugs like sarilumab and tofacitinib are still under development and require further clinical trials to fully understand their efficacy and safety. 20 , 19 . Close consultation with a doctor is crucial before using these drugs.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on PMR treatments remains limited. 13 . Further studies are essential to fully evaluate the effectiveness and safety of newer medications as alternatives to corticosteroids. 20 , 19 .

Future Research Directions

Future research on PMR treatments should focus on developing new medications as alternatives to corticosteroids, as well as further investigating the effectiveness of existing drugs like methotrexate. 20 , 19 , 4 , 7 , 13 .

Conclusion

Corticosteroids are the primary treatment for PMR. 5 . Research is ongoing to develop new medications that can reduce the need for corticosteroids, such as methotrexate. 4 , 7 , 13 . New drugs like sarilumab and tofacitinib are under development, but further research is necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety. 20 , 19 . While many challenges remain in treating PMR, ongoing research offers hope for the development of safer and more effective treatment options.

Treatment List

Corticosteroids, methotrexate, sarilumab, tofacitinib

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
14
1
6
5
20
1.

Steroid sparing activity of tenidap in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a multicenter double blind randomized placebo controlled study.

Author: LittmanB H, BjarnasonD, BryantG, EngelbrechtJ, CohenM, MertzL, WeaverA, HunderG G

PMR treatment

Tenidap was more effective than placebo in controlling symptoms of PMR as prednisone was reduced. 45% of patients receiving tenidap were able to discontinue prednisone without a disease flare compared to 6% for placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The clinical and laboratory course of polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis after the first two months of treatment.

Author: KyleV, HazlemanB L

Relapse
Steroid dependence

This prospective study examined the clinical course of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) after the initial two months. The study involved 74 patients with PMR/GCA. The study found that most patients experienced at least one relapse after two months, and relapses were most common in the first year.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Methotrexate in polymyalgia rheumatica: preliminary results of an open, randomized study.

Author: FerraccioliG, SalaffiF, De VitaS, CasattaL, BartoliE

Bone sparing
Reduced prednisone use

Adding methotrexate to prednisone therapy for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) allowed for significantly lower prednisone doses while maintaining efficacy and reducing bone loss.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?

Author: van der VeenM J, DinantH J, van Booma-FrankfortC, van Albada-KuipersG A, BijlsmaJ W

Reduced prednisone use

Methotrexate did not show a steroid-sparing effect in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis when combined with a rapid steroid tapering regimen. The study found that the mean daily prednisone dose could be reduced by 50% in 21 weeks and discontinued in 40% of patients within two years.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of inflammation and treatment on bone turnover and bone mass in polymyalgia rheumatica.

Author: DolanA L, MonizC, DasguptaB, LiF, MackintoshC, ToddP, CorrigallV, PanayiG S

Bone loss

This study investigated the impact of both systemic inflammation and corticosteroid therapy on bone loss in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), which requires corticosteroid treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

An initially double-blind controlled 96 week trial of depot methylprednisolone against oral prednisolone in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica.

Author: DasguptaB, DolanA L, PanayiG S, FernandesL

Disease control
Reduced steroid side-effects
Fractures
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Steroid side-effects
Weight gain

This study compared the efficacy and safety of intramuscular methylprednisolone acetate (i.m. MP) with oral prednisolone (OP) in treating polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). I.m. MP was associated with fewer fractures and less weight gain, likely due to lower cumulative steroid doses, while achieving similar long-term disease control.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Prednisone plus methotrexate for polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: CaporaliRoberto, CimminoMarco A, FerraccioliGianfranco, GerliRoberto, KlersyCatherine, SalvaraniCarlo, MontecuccoCarlomaurizio,

Shorter prednisone treatment
Steroid sparing

Prednisone plus methotrexate was associated with shorter prednisone treatment and steroid sparing in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. It may be a useful alternative for patients at high risk for steroid-related toxicity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial.

Author: SalvaraniCarlo, MacchioniPierLuigi, ManziniCarlo, PaolazziGiuseppe, TrottaAldo, ManganelliPaolo, CimminoMarco, GerliRoberto, CatanosoMaria Grazia, BoiardiLuigi, CantiniFabrizio, KlersyCatherine, HunderGene G

Harm

Adding infliximab to prednisone for treating newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica did not improve the outcome compared to placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review.

Author: Hernández-RodríguezJosé, CidMaria C, López-SotoAlfons, Espigol-FrigoléGeorgina, BoschXavier

PMR treatment

This review examined the research on treating polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), focusing on the best type of corticosteroids, starting doses, and how to reduce doses over time, as well as other medications used to reduce corticosteroid use. The primary treatment for PMR is low-dose corticosteroids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Increased muscle interstitial levels of inflammatory cytokines in polymyalgia rheumatica.

Author: KreinerFrederik, LangbergHenning, GalboHenrik

This study investigates the cause of muscle pain in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a condition that causes muscle aches and inflammation. While it's currently believed that the pain originates from inflammation in joint tissues, the study aims to examine inflammation within the muscles themselves by measuring levels of inflammatory substances (cytokines) before and after treatment with prednisolone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Special Interest Group at OMERACT 11: outcomes of importance for patients with PMR.

Author: MackieSarah L, AratSeher, da SilvaJose, DuarteCatia, HallidaySue, HughesRod, MorrisMarianne, PeaseColin T, ShermanJeffrey W, SimonLee S, WalshMaggie, WesthovensRené, ZakoutSamy, KirwanJohn R

Improved function
Pain relief
Reduced stiffness

This study aimed to develop a core outcome set for clinical research in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Findings suggest that pain visual analog scores (VAS) are a suitable primary outcome measure for assessing response to initial therapy, with pain, stiffness, fatigue, and sleep disturbance being commonly reported symptoms. Further validation is needed to develop a comprehensive core outcome set, and consideration should be given to potential confounding factors like comorbidity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Prednisone compared to methylprednisolone in the polymyalgia rheumatica treatment.

Author: ViapianaOmbretta, GattiDavide, TropliniSonila, AdamiSilvano, FracassiElena, IdolazziLuca, RossiniMaurizio

Similar therapeutic effect
Delayed response to PN

Glucocorticoids (GLs) are the primary treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), but some patients require high doses or respond better to specific types of GLs. This study compared the effectiveness of prednisone (PN) and methylprednisolone (MPONE) in PMR patients, finding that MPONE may offer faster symptom relief and a shorter time to achieve remission.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Current evidence for therapeutic interventions and prognostic factors in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review informing the 2015 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica.

Author: DejacoChristian, SinghYogesh P, PerelPablo, HutchingsAndrew, CamellinoDario, MackieSarah, MattesonEric L, DasguptaBhaskar

PMR treatment

This review examined the evidence for treatments and risk factors for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). While there's limited research on initial corticosteroid doses, a higher starting dose (20 mg) was associated with a lower risk of relapse but more side effects. Intramuscular methylprednisolone was as effective as oral corticosteroids with fewer side effects. Methotrexate may help reduce the need for corticosteroids and relapse rates. Women, patients with high inflammation levels, and those with joint pain outside the spine are at higher risk of relapse. More research is needed on effective treatments and risk factors for PMR.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Comorbidity in polymyalgia rheumatica.

Author: ChatzigeorgiouC, MackieS L

Improved PMR treatment

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is common in older people and is often accompanied by comorbidities, which may affect treatment decisions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

Comorbidities in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review.

Author: PartingtonRichard, HelliwellToby, MullerSara, Abdul SultanAlyshah, MallenChristian

This study systematically reviews the literature on comorbidities associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a common inflammatory rheumatological condition affecting older people.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Long-term glucocorticoid treatment and high relapse rate remain unresolved issues in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Author: FlorisAlberto, PigaMatteo, ChessaElisabetta, CongiaMattia, ErreGian Luca, AngioniMaria Maddalena, MathieuAlessandro, CauliAlberto

GC treatment for PMR

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and predictors of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment and disease relapses in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The study found that a high proportion of patients continue to take GCs for extended periods, and relapses are common. However, further research is needed to identify factors that contribute to prolonged GC use and to develop more effective steroid-sparing strategies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Tocilizumab in patients with new onset polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR-SPARE): a phase 2/3 randomised controlled trial.

Author: BonelliMichael, RadnerHelga, KerschbaumerAndreas, MrakDaniel, DurechovaMartina, StiegerJutta, HusicRusmir, MandlPeter, SmolenJosef S, DejacoChristian, AletahaDaniel

Glucocorticoid-free remission
Reduced relapse time
Serious adverse events

Tocilizumab was superior to placebo in achieving sustained glucocorticoid-free remission, delaying time to relapse, and reducing cumulative glucocorticoid dose in patients with new onset polymyalgia rheumatica undergoing rapid glucocorticoid tapering.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effect of Tocilizumab on Disease Activity in Patients With Active Polymyalgia Rheumatica Receiving Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: Devauchelle-PensecValérie, Carvajal-AlegriaGuillermo, DernisEmmanuelle, RichezChristophe, TruchetetMarie-Elise, WendlingDaniel, ToussirotEric, PerdrigerAleth, GottenbergJacques-Eric, FeltenRenaud, FautrelBruno Jean, ChicheLaurent, HilliquinPascal, Le HenaffCatherine, DervieuxBenjamin, DirezGuillaume, Chary-ValckenaereIsabelle, CornecDivi, GuellecDewi, MarhadourThierry, NowakEmmanuel, SarauxAlain

Reduced disease activity
Infections

This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of 101 patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica despite prednisone therapy found that tocilizumab, compared with placebo, resulted in a significantly greater percentage of patients with reduced prednisone requirements.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica (EAST PMR): An open-label randomized controlled trial.

Author: MaXinlei, YangFan, WuJinzhi, XuBei, JiangMengdi, SunYiduo, SunChuanying, YuYe, XuDanyi, XiaoLanlan, RenChunyun, ChenChunyan, YeZi, LiangJunyu, LinJin, ChenWeiqian

PMR treatment

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory condition that affects older adults. While steroids are the main treatment, they can have side effects. We need to understand what causes PMR and find other treatments that can reduce the need for steroids. This study will examine the characteristics of PMR and investigate the effectiveness and safety of a medication called tofacitinib, which blocks a specific enzyme, in people with PMR.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Sarilumab for Relapse of Polymyalgia Rheumatica during Glucocorticoid Taper.

Author: SpieraRobert F, UnizonySebastian, WarringtonKenneth J, SloaneJennifer, GiannelouAngeliki, NivensMichael C, AkinladeBolanle, WongWanling, BhoreRafia, LinYong, ButtgereitFrank, Devauchelle-PensecValerie, Rubbert-RothAndrea, YancopoulosGeorge D, MarracheFrederic, PatelNaimish, DasguptaBhaskar,

Polymyalgia rheumatica treatment

This study examines the potential role of sarilumab, a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the interleukin-6 pathway, in treating polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). A significant proportion of patients with PMR experience relapses during glucocorticoid tapering.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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