Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been shown to significantly reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by vaccine serotypes. However, the use of PCV has also led to an increase in diseases caused by non-vaccine serotypes, a phenomenon known as serotype replacement. 12 This study aims to investigate the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in children after the introduction of PCVs to identify the most common serotypes associated with IPD.

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was approved for use in adults to address the unmet medical need for vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the limitations of previous polysaccharide vaccines. 17 While some argue that high PCV13 uptake among young children provides sufficient indirect protection for unvaccinated adults, emerging evidence suggests that PCV13-type pneumococcal pneumonia remains a significant burden in adults at increased risk for pneumococcal disease, despite the indirect effects of long-standing pediatric PCV13 use. Moreover, adult PCV13 use has been proven effective in reducing pneumococcal CAP, even in the elderly and those with chronic medical or immunocompromising conditions. 26 The study concludes that continued PCV13 vaccination in adults is necessary to control vaccine-type CAP.

The study also explored the cost-effectiveness of continuing pneumococcal conjugate vaccination at age 65, considering the indirect effects of childhood immunization programs. 22

Research investigated the effects of different PCV dosing schedules on pneumococcal carriage in children, specifically the effects of reduced-dose schedules of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7). 3 The impact of PCV on nasopharyngeal colonization is crucial to understanding the overall effects of the vaccine on disease. 1

The effectiveness of PCV13 in adults to prevent community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) not requiring hospitalization was investigated. 23 A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessed the PCV13 vaccine effectiveness (VE) for serotype 3 IPD in children. 27 The study found that PCV13 offers direct protection against serotype 3 IPD in children.

The economic burden of PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia was estimated in northern Ghana, a region within the African meningitis belt experiencing seasonal increases of pneumococcal meningitis after PCV13 introduction. 28

The impact of PCV on nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive disease among unvaccinated individuals was reviewed. 7 The review highlighted the indirect effect of PCV on vaccine-type disease and its correlation with changes in carriage among unvaccinated populations.

The effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization compared to the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) was assessed in young children. 6

The impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal carriage in community dwelling older adults was investigated. 14

The effects of PCV-7 vaccination on pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia were determined. 5

The cost-effectiveness of including pneumococcal vaccination for elderly in a national vaccination program in Sweden was assessed. 25

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

PCV is a highly effective vaccine that can prevent pneumococcal disease, especially in young children. PCV13 is routinely administered in many countries to protect children from pneumococcal infections. 12 PCV13 has also been shown to be effective in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, particularly in older adults and those with weakened immune systems. 17 , 26

Risks Summary

Side effects from PCV are generally mild. The most common side effects include pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site. Serious side effects are rare. 21

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Numerous studies have consistently shown that PCV is effective in preventing pneumococcal disease.

Differences Among Studies

The specific effects and side effects of PCV can vary depending on factors such as the study population, methodologies employed, geographical location, and time period.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While most research consistently demonstrates the effectiveness of PCV in preventing pneumococcal disease, there can be variations in the observed effects and side effects. These differences can be attributed to factors such as study populations, methodologies, geographical locations, and time periods.

Implications for Everyday Life

PCV is an effective vaccine for preventing pneumococcal disease. However, it is important to note that the introduction of PCV has led to an increase in diseases caused by non-vaccine serotypes. 12 Therefore, continued research and development of new PCVs that cover a broader range of serotypes are crucial.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research on PCV is still limited. Further research is needed, especially on long-term effects, safety, and the development of vaccines that provide more comprehensive protection against a wider range of pneumococcal serotypes.

Future Research Directions

Further research on PCV is necessary, particularly focusing on long-term effects, safety, and the development of new PCVs that offer more comprehensive protection against a wider range of pneumococcal serotypes.

Conclusion

PCV is a safe and effective vaccine for preventing pneumococcal disease. 12 , 17 PCV13 has been proven effective in reducing pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, especially in vulnerable populations such as older adults and those with compromised immune systems. 26 Despite the benefits of PCV, the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes remains a challenge. Continuing research and development of newer PCVs that offer broader coverage are essential for ensuring optimal protection against pneumococcal disease.

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
11
6
7
6
29
1.

Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization among immunized and unimmunized children in a community-randomized trial.

Author: O'BrienKatherine L, MillarEugene V, ZellElizabeth R, BronsdonMelinda, WeatherholtzRobert, ReidRaymond, BecentiJocelyn, KvammeSheri, WhitneyCynthia G, SantoshamMathuram

Reduces VT colonization
Increases NVT colonization

This study found that PnCRM7 reduced the risk of VT acquisition and colonization density but increased the risk of NVT acquisition among vaccinees and their household contacts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

2.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian children who participated in a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial and in their younger siblings.

Author: CheungYin-Bun, ZamanSyed M A, NsekpongEkpedeme David, Van BenedenChris A, AdegbolaRichard A, GreenwoodBrian, CuttsFelicity T

Antibiotic resistance reduction
Pneumococcal carriage reduction

The 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-9) significantly reduced the carriage of vaccine serotypes in Gambian children for at least 16 months postvaccination. PCV-9 had no indirect effect on carriage in younger siblings and had a limited impact on antibiotic resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Effect of reduced-dose schedules with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in children: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: van GilsElske J M, VeenhovenReinier H, HakEelko, RodenburgGerwin D, BogaertDebby, IjzermanEd P F, BruinJacob P, van AlphenLoek, SandersElisabeth A M

Reduced pneumococcal carriage
None reported

A 2 + 1-dose and 2-dose schedule of PCV-7 resulted in significant reductions of vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage in the second year of life compared with no pneumococcal vaccination.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Comparing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules based on 3 and 2 primary doses: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ScottPippa, RutjesAnne W S, BermetzLilian, RobertNadège, ScottSusana, LourençoTania, EggerMatthias, LowNicola

High seropositivity
S. pneumoniae carriage reduction
Clinical relevance unknown

Both 3-dose and 2-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules resulted in high levels of seropositivity, with small differences favoring the 3-dose schedule. However, clinical outcome data from randomized controlled trials with direct comparisons of different PCV schedules is lacking.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Effects of community-wide vaccination with PCV-7 on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in the Gambia: a cluster-randomized trial.

Author: RocaAnna, HillPhilip C, TownendJohn, EgereUzo, AntonioMartin, BojangAbdoulie, AkisanyaAbiodun, LitchfieldTeresa, NsekpongDavid E, OluwalanaClaire, HowieStephen R C, GreenwoodBrian, AdegbolaRichard A

Pneumococcal disease prevention
Serotype replacement

PCV-7 vaccination was found to have an impact on pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia, suggesting the potential for serotype replacement.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effects of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in young children: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: van den BerghMenno R, SpijkermanJudith, SwinnenKristien M, FrançoisNancy A, PascalThierry G, BorysDorota, SchuermanLode, IjzermanEd P F, BruinJacob P, van der EndeArie, VeenhovenReinier H, SandersElisabeth A M

The 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) did not show a significant effect on nasopharyngeal NTHi colonization or H. influenzae density in healthy Dutch children up to 2 years of age.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive disease among unvaccinated people: review of evidence on indirect effects.

Author: DavisStephanie M, Deloria-KnollMaria, KassaHilina T, O'BrienKatherine L

Reduced pneumococcal disease

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have a dramatic impact on rates of vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Systematic review of the indirect effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on pneumococcal disease and colonization.

Author: LooJennifer D, ConklinLaura, Fleming-DutraKatherine E, KnollMaria Deloria, ParkDaniel E, KirkJennifer, GoldblattDavid, O'BrienKatherine L, WhitneyCynthia G

PCV indirect benefit for older groups

This systematic review found that a 3+1 infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) dosing schedule has been shown to have indirect benefits for vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (VT-IPD), vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage (VT-NP) and syndromic pneumonia, while 2+1 and 3+0 schedules have only demonstrated indirect effect for VT-IPD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Effects of Vaccination with 10-Valent Pneumococcal Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenza Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome of Kenyan Toddlers.

Author: FeazelLeah M, SantoricoStephanie A, RobertsonCharles E, BashraheilMahfudh, ScottJ Anthony G, FrankDaniel N, HammittLaura L

Pneumococcal vaccine

The nasopharyngeal microbiome (the community of microorganisms found in the nasal cavity) of children was studied to evaluate the impact of a pneumococcal vaccine on the overall bacterial diversity in the nasal cavity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

The Clinical Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: EwaldHannah, BrielMatthias, VuichardDanielle, KreutleVeronika, ZhydkovAndriy, GloyViktoria

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of death worldwide. This review highlights the need for updated evidence on the effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on infectious diseases and mortality in various populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ShiriTinevimbo, DattaSamik, MadanJason, TsertsvadzeAlexander, RoylePamela, KeelingMatt J, McCarthyNoel D, PetrouStavros

Reduced invasive pneumococcal disease

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the magnitude and timing of indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on invasive pneumococcal disease in unvaccinated populations. The study found that population childhood PCV programmes will lead, on average, to substantial protection across the whole population within a decade.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: BalsellsEvelyn, GuillotLaurence, NairHarish, KyawMoe H

Invasive pneumococcal disease reduction
Serotype replacement

This study examines the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in children after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/10/13) to identify leading serotypes associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). PCV7/10/13 significantly reduced IPD due to vaccine serotypes, but there has been an increase in IPD due to non-vaccine types.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Direct and Indirect Effectiveness of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Carriage in a Cluster Randomized Trial.

Author: PalmuArto A, ToropainenMaija, KaijalainenTarja, SiiraLotta, LahdenkariMika, NieminenHeta, SyrjänenRitva K, KilpiTerhi M, JokinenJukka

Pneumococcal carriage reduction

This study investigated the direct and indirect effectiveness of a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) in preventing pneumococcal carriage in children. The study found that PHiD-CV10 reduced vaccine-type carriage in both vaccinated children and their unvaccinated siblings. This is the first randomized trial to show the indirect effect of extended-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on carriage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

The Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Carriage in the Community Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) Study.

Author: van DeursenAnna M M, van HoutenMarlies A, WebberChris, PattonMichael, ScottDaniel, PattersonScott, JiangQin, GruberWilliam C, Schmoele-ThomaBeate, GrobbeeDiederick E, BontenMarc J M, SandersElisabeth A M

Pneumococcal protection

This study investigated the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in older adults. The effects of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were examined in a randomized controlled trial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on serotype 19A nasopharyngeal carriage.

Author: Tin Tin HtarMyint, SingsHeather L, SyrochkinaMaria, TaysiBulent, HiltonBetsy, SchmittHeinz-Josef, GessnerBradford D, JodarLuis

Pneumococcal carriage prevention
Protection against vaccine serotypes

This systematic review assesses the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) containing serotype 19A or cross-reactive 19F on 19A carriage. It finds that PCV13 is more effective in reducing 19A carriage than PCV7 or PCV10, suggesting its importance in areas with high serotype 19A transmission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules in infants-acquisition, immunogenicity, and pneumococcal conjugate and yellow fever vaccine co-administration study.

Author: MackenzieGrant A, OseiIsaac, SalaudeenRasheed, SeckaOusman, D'AlessandroUmberto, ClarkeEd, Schmidt-ChanasitJonas, LicciardiPaul V, NguyenCattram, GreenwoodBrian, MulhollandKim

Pneumococcal disease prevention

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective in preventing pneumococcal disease, but their high cost limits their global impact. This study designed a large cluster-randomized field trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a reduced dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule. The trial aims to assess the impact of the different schedules on immunogenicity, carriage acquisition, and co-administration with yellow fever vaccine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Decision-making for PCV in adults.

Author: McLaughlinJohn M, SwerdlowDavid L, IsturizRaul E, JodarLuis

Protection against pneumococcal disease
Reduced pneumococcal CAP
Disease recurrence

Despite widespread use of PCV13 in children, a significant burden of pneumococcal pneumonia still exists in adults, suggesting continued vaccination is necessary.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Impact of previous macrolide use on invasive pneumococcal disease due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes in adults over 59 years of age.

Author: ChávezAbelardo Claudio Fernández, ComasLuis García, EspinosaLuis Manzano, LoboJose Yuste, de ProvensOctavio Corral Pazos, AndrésJesús María Aranaz

IPD prevention

This study found that previous macrolide use was associated with the presence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes, particularly with the use of long-acting macrolides.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

A randomized, controlled trial comparing the immunogenecity and safety of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination to a repeated dose 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.

Author: ErikssonMari, KäyhtyHelena, SahaHeikki, LahdenkariMika, KoskinenPetri, MäkisaloHeikki, AnttilaVeli-Jukka

Improved immunogenicity
Safe revaccination

A study comparing 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in dialysis patients found that PCV13 was more immunogenic and safe. The PCV13 group showed significantly higher geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for 9/13 serotypes and geometric mean titers (GMTs) for 4/13 serotypes after the first vaccination. Revaccination with PCV13 six months after transplantation was also immunogenic and safe.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Effects of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of adults on lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic use in primary care: secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.

Author: van WerkhovenCornelis H, BolkenbaasMarieke, HuijtsSusanne M, VerheijTheo J M, BontenMarc J M

CAP prevention
LRTI prevention

This study aimed to determine the effect of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and antibiotic use in the primary care setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Colonization and Invasive Disease in Cambodian Children.

Author: TurnerPaul, LeabPhana, LySokeng, SaoSena, MiliyaThyl, HeffelfingerJames D, BatmunkhNyambat, LessaFernanda C, WalldorfJenny A, HydeTerri B, OrkVichit, HossainMd Shafiqul, GouldKatherine A, HindsJason, CooperBen S, NgounChanpheaktra, TurnerClaudia, DayNicholas P J

Reduced pneumococcal colonization
Reduced pneumococcal disease

The introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Cambodia led to a decrease in vaccine serotype (VT) pneumococcal colonization and disease in children under five years old.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

26.

Use of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

Author: MatanockAlmea, LeeGrace, GierkeRyan, KobayashiMiwako, LeidnerAndrew, PilishviliTamara

Reduced disease burden

The use of PCV13 pneumococcal vaccine in adults over 65 years is now recommended based on shared clinical decision-making, considering individual risk factors for pneumococcal disease. Adults over 65 should still receive one dose of PPSV23, and PCV13 should be given at least one year before PPSV23.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.

Language : English

27.

Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Disease Caused by Serotype 3 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Author: SingsHeather L, De WalsPhilippe, GessnerBradford D, IsturizRaul, LaferriereCraig, McLaughlinJohn M, PeltonStephen, SchmittHeinz-Josef, SuayaJose A, JodarLuis

Protection against serotype 3 IPD

PCV13, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, is the only licensed vaccine with serotype 3 polysaccharide. A meta-analysis of observational studies found that PCV13 was effective in protecting children against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

Estimating the economic burden of pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia in northern Ghana in the African meningitis belt post-PCV13 introduction.

Author: KobayashiMiwako, Abdul-KarimAbass, MiluckyJennifer L, ZakariahAdam, LeidnerAndrew J, Asiedu-BekoeFranklin, OpareDavid, EleezaJohn B, OfosuWinfred, WalkerChastity, WhitneyCynthia G, LessaFernanda C

Prevent pneumococcal meningitis

This study estimates the ongoing economic burden of PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia in northern Ghana, where meningitis outbreaks have occurred despite high vaccination coverage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

29.

Determinants of high residual post-PCV13 pneumococcal vaccine-type carriage in Blantyre, Malawi: a modelling study.

Author: LourençoJ, ObolskiU, SwarthoutT D, GoriA, Bar-ZeevN, EverettD, Kamng'onaA W, MwalukomoT S, MatayaA A, MwansamboC, BandaM, GuptaS, FrenchN, HeydermanR S

Reduced pneumococcal carriage

This study investigated the impact of introducing the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the routine infant schedule in Malawi. The researchers found that carriage of vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae remained higher than in high-income countries, suggesting that PCV13 may not be as effective in this setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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