Effects of raltegravir: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Effects of raltegravir
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effects of raltegravir: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Effects of raltegravir: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. Various studies have investigated the effects of raltegravir, revealing some key insights. For example, raltegravir may have fewer side effects, such as lipid abnormalities, compared to other antiretroviral drugs. 3 Additionally, raltegravir may help improve immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. 19 Furthermore, raltegravir has been found to be effective against HIV strains that have developed resistance to other antiretroviral drugs. 15

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Raltegravir may be an effective medication for treating HIV infection. Raltegravir may have fewer side effects, such as lipid abnormalities, compared to other antiretroviral drugs. 3 Additionally, raltegravir may help improve immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. 19 Furthermore, raltegravir has been found to be effective against HIV strains that have developed resistance to other antiretroviral drugs. 15

Risk Summary

The risks associated with raltegravir are not yet fully understood, but raltegravir may cause side effects in some patients. Side effects of raltegravir may include gastrointestinal symptoms, skin rashes, and liver abnormalities. 12 Additionally, raltegravir may interact with other antiretroviral medications when taken together. It is crucial to consult a doctor before starting raltegravir.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Many studies suggest that raltegravir may be an effective treatment for HIV infection. Additionally, raltegravir has been shown to potentially have fewer side effects, such as lipid abnormalities, compared to other antiretroviral drugs. 3

Differences Between Studies

The effects of raltegravir may differ from patient to patient. For instance, while raltegravir may help some individuals recover immunologically, others may not experience the same results. 19 The side effects of raltegravir may also differ between individuals. It is essential to consult a doctor before starting raltegravir.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Research on raltegravir is still in its early stages. Therefore, there is not a complete understanding of its effects and side effects. Future studies are expected to provide more detailed information about the effects and side effects of raltegravir.

Points to Note Regarding Real-Life Applications

Raltegravir may be an effective treatment for HIV infection. However, raltegravir may cause side effects in some patients. It is crucial to consult a doctor before starting raltegravir.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on raltegravir is still in its early stages. Therefore, there is not a complete understanding of its effects and side effects. Future studies are expected to provide more detailed information about the effects and side effects of raltegravir.

Directions for Future Research

Further research is necessary to gain a more detailed understanding of raltegravir's effects and side effects. Research is particularly needed to investigate the long-term effects of raltegravir and its effects on a diverse range of patients.

Conclusion

Raltegravir may be an effective medication for treating HIV infection. Raltegravir may have fewer side effects, such as lipid abnormalities, compared to other antiretroviral drugs. 3 Additionally, raltegravir may help improve immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. 19 Furthermore, raltegravir has been found to be effective against HIV strains that have developed resistance to other antiretroviral drugs. 15 However, raltegravir may cause side effects in some patients. It is essential to consult a doctor before starting raltegravir.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
9
0
0
0
21
1.

Antiretroviral therapy with the integrase inhibitor raltegravir alters decay kinetics of HIV, significantly reducing the second phase.

Author: MurrayJohn M, EmerySean, KelleherAnthony D, LawMatthew, ChenJoshua, HazudaDaria J, NguyenBach-Yen T, TepplerHedy, CooperDavid A

HIV treatment

Raltegravir shows promise as a new integrase inhibitor for HIV treatment.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Minimal effects of ritonavir and efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics of raltegravir.

Author: IwamotoMarian, WenningLarissa A, PetryAmelia S, LaethemMartine, De SmetMarina, KostJames T, BreidingerSheila A, ManginEric C, AzrolanNeal, GreenbergHoward E, HaazenWouter, StoneJulie A, GottesdienerKeith M, WagnerJohn A

HIV-1 inhibition

Raltegravir, a novel HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor, was assessed for its pharmacokinetic interaction with ritonavir and efavirenz. Ritonavir had a minimal effect on raltegravir pharmacokinetics, while efavirenz moderately reduced raltegravir exposure. However, the reduction caused by efavirenz was not clinically significant and did not require dose adjustments for raltegravir.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Switch to a raltegravir-based regimen versus continuation of a lopinavir-ritonavir-based regimen in stable HIV-infected patients with suppressed viraemia (SWITCHMRK 1 and 2): two multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials.

Author: EronJoseph J, YoungBenjamin, CooperDavid A, YouleMichael, DejesusEdwin, Andrade-VillanuevaJaime, WorkmanCassy, ZajdenvergRoberto, FätkenheuerGerd, BergerDaniel S, KumarPrincy N, RodgersAnthony J, ShaughnessyMelissa A, WalkerMonica L, BarnardRichard J O, MillerMichael D, DinubileMark J, NguyenBach-Yen, LeavittRandi, XuXia, SklarPeter,

Reduces lipid abnormalities
Stable viral suppression
Side effects of antiretrovirals

Substitution of raltegravir for lopinavir-ritonavir was compared to continuation of lopinavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Differential effects of dolutegravir, bictegravir and raltegravir in adipokines and inflammation markers on human adipocytes.

Author: DomingoPere, Quesada-LópezTania, VillarroyaJoan, CairóMontserrat, GutierrezMaria Del Mar, MateoMaria Gracia, MurIsabel, CorbachoNoemí, DomingoJoan Carles, VillarroyaFrancesc, GiraltMarta

Metabolic dysregulation

This study assessed the direct effects of integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INsTIs) on human adipose cells. The INsTIs did not significantly affect adipocyte differentiation but had distinct effects on gene expression and secretion of adipokines and cytokines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Effects of Initiating Raltegravir-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy on Weight Changes and Perinatal Outcomes: NICHD P1081.

Author: CoutinhoConrado Milani, WarshawMeredith G, DuarteGeraldo, StekAlice, ViolariAvy, HoferCristina B, DevilleJaime G, NgochoJames Samwel, PilottoJosé Henrique, CorreaMario Dias, ShapiroDavid E, FullerTrevon L, ChakhtouraNahida, MirochnickMark, JoãoEsaú C

Adverse pregnancy outcomes
Gestational weight gain

This study found that pregnant women who initiated raltegravir-based cART gained more weight than those who initiated efavirenz-based cART. There was a link between weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

7.

Differential effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors, elvitegravir and raltegravir, on oligodendrocyte maturation: A role for the integrated stress response.

Author: RothLindsay M, ZidaneBassam, FestaLindsay, PutatundaRaj, RomerMicah, MonnerieHubert, Jordan-SciuttoKelly L, GrinspanJudith B

Oligodendrocyte maturation impairment

Elvitegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, impaired oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination in vitro and in vivo. Elvitegravir treatment activated the integrated stress response in oligodendrocytes, which was blocked by pretreatment with the integrated stress response inhibitor Trans-ISRIB.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

8.

Effects of atazanavir, darunavir, and raltegravir on fat and muscle among persons living with HIV.

Author: AdrianStefan, MiaoHongyu, FengHan, ScherzingerAnn, NardiniGiulia, BeghettoBarbara, RoncagliaEnrica, LigabueGuido, MilicJovana, GuaraldiGiovanni, LakeJordan E, ErlandsonKristine M

Fat gain
Muscle gain

This study compares fat and muscle density among people with HIV on different antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), exploring implications for muscle function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

The Integrase Inhibitors Dolutegravir and Raltegravir Exert Proadipogenic and Profibrotic Effects and Induce Insulin Resistance in Human/Simian Adipose Tissue and Human Adipocytes.

Author: GorwoodJennifer, BourgeoisChristine, PourcherValérie, PourcherGuillaume, CharlotteFrédéric, ManteconMatthieu, RoseCindy, MorichonRomain, AtlanMichael, Le GrandRoger, DesjardinsDelphine, KatlamaChristine, FèveBruno, LambotteOlivier, CapeauJacqueline, BéréziatVéronique, LagathuClaire

Adipose tissue gain

This study used human and simian models to assess the impact of INSTIs on adipose tissue phenotype and function. INSTIs are a class of drugs used to treat HIV infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Effects of orally administered raltegravir in cats with experimentally induced ocular and respiratory feline herpesvirus-1 infection.

Author: SpertusChloe B, PenningtonMatthew R, Van de WalleGerlinde R, BadanesZachary I, JuddBonnie E, MohammedHussni O, LedbetterEric C

Reduced FHV-1 shedding
Reduced disease severity

Orally administered raltegravir might be effective for alleviation of ocular and respiratory signs of FHV-1 infection in cats.

Clinical Trial, VeterinaryClinical trials involving animals. They are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new drugs and treatments and contribute to the advancement of veterinary medicine.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Effects of raltegravir combined with tenofovir/emtricitabine on body shape, bone density, and lipids in African-Americans initiating HIV therapy.

Author: YoungLaura, WohlDavid A, HyslopWilliam B, LeeYueh Z, NapravnikSonia, WilkinAimee

HIV treatment
Metabolic side effects

This study examined the effects of raltegravir (RAL) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) on metabolic parameters in African-American (AA) patients with HIV infection.

Clinical StudyResearch involving human participants to assess the safety, efficacy, and effects of an intervention/treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Comparison of the metabolic effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir or atazanavir versus raltegravir, and the impact of ritonavir plasma exposure: ACTG 5257.

Author: OfotokunIghovwerha, NaLumine H, LandovitzRaphael J, RibaudoHeather J, McComseyGrace A, GodfreyCatherine, AweekaFrancesca, CohnSusan E, SagarManish, KuritzkesDaniel R, BrownTodd T, PattersonKristine B, ParaMichael F, LeavittRandi Y, Villasis-KeeverAngelina, BaughBryan P, LennoxJeffrey L, CurrierJudith S,

Improved lipid profile
Increased LDL cholesterol
Increased total cholesterol
Increased triglycerides

Raltegravir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) produced the most favorable lipid profile compared to ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or darunavir. The metabolic syndrome rates were high at baseline and increased to the same degree in all arms.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

15.

Effects of raltegravir or elvitegravir resistance signature mutations on the barrier to dolutegravir resistance in vitro.

Author: SekiTakahiro, Suyama-KagitaniAkemi, Kawauchi-MikiShinobu, MikiShigeru, Wakasa-MorimotoChiaki, AkihisaErika, NakaharaKoichiro, KobayashiMasanori, UnderwoodMark R, SatoAkihiko, FujiwaraTamio, YoshinagaTomokazu

High barrier to resistance
DTG resistance via Q148 pathway

This study examined the resistance profile of dolutegravir (DTG), a new HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), against various HIV-1 mutations. DTG was found to have a high barrier to resistance in the presence of mutations associated with resistance to other INSTIs, such as raltegravir and elvitegravir.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of switching from stavudine to raltegravir on subcutaneous adipose tissue in HIV-infected patients with HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). A clinical and molecular study.

Author: DomingoPere, GutierrezMaría del Mar, Gallego-EscuredoJosé Miguel, TorresFerran, MateoGracia María, VillarroyaJoan, de los SantosIgnacio, DomingoJoan Carles, VillarroyaFrancesc, Del RioLuis, EstradaVicente, GiraltMarta

HALS treatment
RAL efficacy
Mitochondrial dysfunction

This study assessed the effects of switching from stavudine (d4T) to raltegravir (RAL) on metabolic and fat molecular parameters in patients with HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). Switching to RAL was associated with an increase in limb fat mass and improvement in markers of adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Effects of switching from efavirenz to raltegravir on endothelial function, bone mineral metabolism, inflammation, and renal function: a randomized, controlled trial.

Author: GuptaSamir K, MiDeming, MoeSharon M, DubéMichael P, LiuZiyue

Monocyte activation
Renal dysfunction

This randomized controlled trial compares the effects of switching from tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz to tenofovir/emtricitabine/raltegravir in 30 HIV-infected participants over 24 weeks. The study found no significant differences in endothelial function, but raltegravir may impact renal function and monocyte activation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effects of raltegravir on 2-long terminal repeat circle junctions in HIV type 1 viremic and aviremic patients.

Author: BonaRoberta, BaroncelliSilvia, D'EttorreGabriella, AndreottiMauro, CeccarelliGiancarlo, FilatiPiero, LeonePasqualina, BlasiMaria, MicheliniZuleika, GalluzzoClementina Maria, MallanoAlessandra, VulloVincenzo, CaraAndrea

HIV treatment

This study evaluated the impact of raltegravir (RAL) therapy on 2-LTR circle junctional sequences in patients with different virological profiles. Sequence analysis indicated that RAL acts differently in the two populations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Early but limited effects of raltegravir intensification on CD4 T cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients with an immunodiscordant response to antiretroviral therapy.

Author: NegredoEugènia, MassanellaMarta, PuertasMaria C, BuzónMaria J, PuigJordi, Pérez-AlvárezNúria, Pérez-SantiagoJosué, BonjochAnna, MoltóJosé, JouAntoni, EcheverríaPatricia, LlibreJosep M, Martínez-PicadoJavier, ClotetBonaventura, BlancoJulià

CD4 T cell recovery
Viral persistence

Raltegravir intensification modestly impacted viral dynamics and induced a rapid but limited gain in CD4 T cell counts in immunodiscordant patients. This suggests that residual viral replication does not seem to be the main cause of unsatisfactory CD4 T cell recovery in these patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Raltegravir intensification shows differing effects on CD8 and CD4 T cells in HIV-infected HAART-suppressed individuals with poor CD4 T-cell recovery.

Author: MassanellaMarta, NegredoEugènia, PuigJordi, PuertasMaria C, BuzónMaria J, Pérez-ÁlvarezNúria, CarrilloJorge, ClotetBonaventura, Martínez-PicadoJavier, BlancoJulià

Reduced CD8 activation

Raltegravir intensification failed to improve CD4 T-cell recovery in immunodiscordant HIV-infected patients despite successful viral suppression. However, raltegravir reduced the expression of CD38, a marker of CD8 T-cell activation, suggesting a potential benefit in mitigating HIV-associated comorbidities.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

A randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of raltegravir intensification on endothelial function in treated HIV infection.

Author: HatanoHiroyu, ScherzerRebecca, WuYuaner, HarvillKara, MakaKristinalisa, HohRebecca, SinclairElizabeth, PalmerSarah, MartinJeffrey N, BuschMichael P, DeeksSteven G, HsuePriscilla Y

Adding raltegravir to suppressive antiretroviral therapy did not significantly impact cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected individuals, as measured by endothelial function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.