Effective treatment of retinal disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are the most common complication of chronic bronchitis. 14 The majority of AECB are caused by infection. 14 The choice of appropriate antibacterial therapy for AECB is becoming more difficult and is usually empirically. 14 Cefaclor and cefuroxime are used for ambulatory treatment of AECB. 14

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), previously used as a mucolytic compound in CB, has also antioxidative effects. 17 Furthermore, it influences intrabronchial bacterial colonization. 17 In a randomized pilot study of 24 patients (16 male, 8 female, mean age 66 +/- 10 years) with acute exacerbation of CB and positive bacterial culture in the sputum, the addition of twice daily 600 mg NAC to standard antibiotic therapy lead to a significantly higher bacterial eradication rate (70% versus 36%, p < 0.03). 17 Clinical studies suggest that treatment with NAC has different effects in CB including a reduction of the number and duration of acute exacerbation episodes and possibly influences lung function. 17 The improvement of symptoms and quality of life also has an impact on socioeconomic costs. 17 The use of NAC in CB as an antioxidative rather than a mucolytic compound should be considered. 17 However, further placebo-controlled studies are undergoing to definitively establish the role of NAC for the treatment of CB and COPD. 17

In an international study comparing cefdinir and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, there were no significant differences in the microbiologic eradication rates by pathogen and by patient, and clinical response rates by patient. 11 The results indicate that the efficacy and tolerability of cefdinir, once or twice daily, and cefuroxime were comparable with no significant differences between the regimens used. 11 Diarrhea was the most frequent complaint. 11

Treatment Summary

Antibiotics such as cefdinir, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, cefprozil, azithromycin, and dirithromycin are commonly used for treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 14 11 16 12 18 These antibiotics work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and relieving symptoms of infection. 14 11 16 12 18 Additionally, NAC can be used as a mucolytic and an antioxidant agent in chronic bronchitis. 17 It works by thinning the mucus and reducing coughing. 17

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Antibiotics can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and relieve symptoms of infection. 14 11 16 12 18 NAC can thin the mucus and reduce coughing. 17 Some studies have shown that NAC can reduce the number and duration of acute exacerbation episodes in chronic bronchitis. 17

Risk Summary

Antibiotics can cause side effects. 14 11 16 12 18 Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. 14 11 16 12 18 NAC is generally safe but can cause side effects such as stomach upset and diarrhea. 17

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Many studies have indicated the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 14 11 16 12 18 A few studies suggest that NAC might improve chronic bronchitis symptoms. 17

Differences

Different antibiotics have been used, and their efficacy and side effects may vary. 14 11 16 12 18 The duration of antibiotic treatment has varied across studies. 12 18 Differences in research design and patient characteristics make it challenging to directly compare the results. 14 11 16 12 18 17

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While many studies show that antibiotics are effective in treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the effectiveness and side effects of antibiotics may vary depending on the type of antibiotic and the duration of treatment. 14 11 16 12 18 The effectiveness of NAC in improving chronic bronchitis symptoms is not consistent. 17 Further research is needed. 17

Implications for Real-Life Application

Since acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are often caused by infection, antibiotics are an essential part of treatment. 14 However, as antibiotics can cause side effects, it is crucial to take them as directed by your doctor. 14 While NAC can thin mucus and reduce coughing, its effectiveness varies between individuals. 17 It is important to use NAC under the guidance of a doctor. 17 Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, exercising, and maintaining a healthy diet, are crucial for improving chronic bronchitis symptoms. 17

Limitations of Current Research

Research on treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is still limited. 14 17 11 16 12 18 Differences in research design and patient characteristics make it difficult to directly compare results. 14 11 16 12 18 17 Additionally, a standard method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis has not been established. 14 17 11 16 12 18

Future Research Directions

Establishing a standard method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is crucial. 14 17 11 16 12 18 Large-scale studies comparing the effectiveness and safety of various antibiotics and NAC are necessary. 14 17 11 16 12 18

Conclusion

Since acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are often caused by infection, antibiotics are an essential part of treatment. 14 However, as antibiotics can cause side effects, it is crucial to take them as directed by your doctor. 14 While NAC can thin mucus and reduce coughing, its effectiveness varies between individuals. 17 It is important to use NAC under the guidance of a doctor. 17 Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, exercising, and maintaining a healthy diet, are crucial for improving chronic bronchitis symptoms. 17

Treatment List

Cefdinir, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, cefprozil, azithromycin, dirithromycin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
23
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
0
Article Type
21
3
1
2
25
1.

Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol and prednisolone in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Author: LightbodyI M, IngramC G, LeggeJ S, JohnstonR N

Asthma treatment
Bronchitis treatment

Ipratropium bromide and salbutamol showed similar improvements in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. Combining both drugs doubled the FEV1 change.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Physiotherapy and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: NewtonD A, BevansH G

A study of patients with chronic bronchitis found that intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) did not provide any additional benefit over standard drug treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Bronchodilator treatment in moderate asthma or chronic bronchitis: continuous or on demand? A randomised controlled study.

Author: van SchayckC P, DompelingE, van HerwaardenC L, FolgeringH, VerbeekA L, van der HoogenH J, van WeelC

Improved quality of life
Accelerated decline in FEV1

Continuous bronchodilator treatment without anti-inflammatory treatment accelerated decline in ventilatory function in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis with positive expiratory pressure mask and chest physiotherapy.

Author: ChristensenE F, NedergaardT, DahlR

Preserved lung function
Reduced antibiotic use
Reduced cough
Reduced exacerbations
Reduced mucus production

This study compared the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) to chest physiotherapy alone in 43 patients with chronic bronchitis. The PEP group experienced significantly fewer exacerbations (85% vs. 48%), reduced coughing and mucus production, and used less medication. The PEP group also showed a small increase in lung function compared to a slight decrease in the control group. The study suggests that PEP can reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms in patients with chronic bronchitis and potentially slow the decline in lung function.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Oral Fabrol (oral N-acetyl-cysteine) in chronic bronchitis.

Author: ParrG D, HuitsonA

Incapacitation reduction
NAC tolerability

This study investigated the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing exacerbations (worsening of symptoms) in 526 patients with chronic bronchitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either NAC or placebo for six months. The study found no significant difference in the number of exacerbations between the two groups. However, patients taking NAC had fewer days of incapacitation due to their symptoms. The study concludes that while NAC may not reduce the number of exacerbations, it can improve the overall experience for patients with chronic bronchitis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

The efficacy of orally administered theophylline, inhaled salbutamol, and a combination of the two as chronic therapy in the management of chronic bronchitis with reversible air-flow obstruction.

Author: TaylorD R, BuickB, KinneyC, LowryR C, McDevittD G

Bronchodilator therapy
Combined therapy effective

A study of 25 patients with chronic bronchitis and varying degrees of airway obstruction compared the effectiveness of theophylline, inhaled salbutamol, a combination of both, and placebo. The combination therapy was most effective, with only 1 patient requiring additional treatment compared to 9 with placebo, 8 with salbutamol, and 6 with theophylline. The combination therapy also showed significant improvements in lung function, while theophylline was slightly better than placebo, but salbutamol was not. Patients who tolerated placebo did not report subjective benefits from any of the active treatments. These findings suggest that combining theophylline and inhaled salbutamol is a more effective treatment option for chronic bronchitis with airway obstruction compared to individual medications.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Five-year winter chemoprophylaxis for chronic bronchitis.

Author: JohnstonR N, McNeillR S, SmithD H, DempsterM B, NairnJ R, PurvisM S, WatsonJ M, WardF G

Reduced exacerbations

A study of 79 patients with chronic bronchitis compared the effects of long-term tetracycline treatment to placebo. The study found that tetracycline significantly reduced the number of exacerbations in patients who experienced more than one exacerbation per winter. While tetracycline showed a trend towards less decline in lung function over five years, this difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between groups in lung volumes, diffusing capacity, or blood gases. The study concludes that long-term tetracycline treatment may reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis who are more prone to flare-ups.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

[Treatment of chronic bronchitis with azidocillin and co-trimoxazole].

Author: GonschewskiH H, StempelG

In a study of 84 people with chronic bronchitis, azidocillin was more effective than co-trimoxazole in treating the condition, although the difference was not statistically significant. Azidocillin was particularly superior in overall physician assessment, which included clinical progress and sputum characteristics. While it is generally safe to start treatment without examining the sputum, in severe cases with life-threatening complications, examining the sputum and starting treatment with a bactericide like azidocillin immediately is recommended, pending the results of the culture.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

9.

Effect of long term treatment with oxitropium bromide on airway secretion in chronic bronchitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis.

Author: TamaokiJ, ChiyotaniA, TagayaE, SakaiN, KonnoK

Improved lung function

The effects of oxitropium bromide on sputum volume and physical properties in patients with chronic bronchitis were investigated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Sparfloxacin vs ofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, comparative study. Sparfloxacin Multicenter ABECB Study Group.

Author: DeAbateC A, HenryD, BenschG, JubranA, ChodoshS, HarperL, TippingD, TalbotG H

ABECB treatment
Digestive side effects
Nervous system side effects
Photosensitivity

Once-daily oral sparfloxacin is as effective as twice-daily ofloxacin for treating acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB). Both drugs are well-tolerated with similar adverse event profiles.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

International study comparing cefdinir and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: Van HerwaardenC L, LanganC E, SiemonG, RudolphC, KeyserlingC H, NemethM A, TackK J

Antibiotic efficacy
Chronic bronchitis treatment
Antibiotic tolerability
Side effects

The efficacy and tolerability of cefdinir, once or twice daily, and cefuroxime were comparable with no significant differences between the regimens used.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Five days of cefprozil versus 10 days of clarithromycin in the treatment of an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: McCartyJ M, PierceP F

Cure rate
Diarrhea
Nausea

Cefprozil given for 5 days was as effective as clarithromycin given for 10 days in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Symptom resolution assessed using a patient directed diary card during treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Author: WoolhouseI S, HillS L, StockleyR A

Improved understanding of chronic bronchitis

Acute flare-ups of chronic bronchitis are common, with varying symptoms. It is unclear how these symptom differences should affect treatment. Understanding how quickly symptoms improve is important for assessing treatment success and determining when a change in treatment is needed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Comparative study of cefaclor AF vs. cefuroxime axetil in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Author: HaczyńskiJózef, ChyczewskaElzbieta, Grzelewska-RzymowskaIwona, MalolepszyJózef, Marcinkowska-SuchowierskaEwa, MilanowskiJanusz, OklekKazimierz, PłusaTadeusz, SłominskiJan, SzmyginKatarzyna, RekMiroslaw

AECB treatment
Difficult choice of therapy

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are common and often caused by infection. Choosing the right antibiotic treatment for these exacerbations is becoming more challenging and is often done without specific testing. Cefaclor and cefuroxime are commonly used antibiotics for treating these exacerbations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Randomized, double-blind study of prulifloxacin versus ciprofloxacin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Author: GrassiCarlo, SalvatoriEnrica, RosignoliMaria Teresa, DionisioPaolo,

Eradicated strains
Improved clinical success

This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy trial assessed the efficacy and safety of prulifloxacin in comparison with ciprofloxacin in 235 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Patients received either 600 mg prulifloxacin once daily or 500 mg ciprofloxacin twice a day for 10 days. Clinical success was observed in 84.7% and 85% of patients in the prulifloxacin and ciprofloxacin groups, respectively. The study showed that a 10-day course of prulifloxacin is as effective and safe as ciprofloxacin in the treatment of patients with AECB.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Open-label, randomized comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of adults with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Author: WeissLee R

ABECB treatment effective
Adverse events

Clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and cefuroxime axetil are all effective and well-tolerated treatments for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB). While clarithromycin appears to be slightly more effective and better tolerated, the differences between the three treatments are not significant.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

[N-acetylcystein in the therapy of chronic bronchitis].

Author: ReichenbergerF, TammM

CB treatment

This study found that adding N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to standard antibiotic treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (CB) significantly increased bacterial eradication rates (70% vs 36%). While NAC has been used as a mucus thinner, its antioxidant effects and impact on bacterial colonization in the lungs suggest that it may be beneficial for treating CB. While further studies are ongoing, NAC may help reduce the frequency and duration of exacerbations, improve lung function, and enhance quality of life for patients with CB.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

18.

A comparison of 5-day courses of dirithromycin and azithromycin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: CastaldoRichard S, CelliBartolome R, GomezFernando, LaValleeNicole, SouhradaJoseph, HanrahanJohn P

AECB treatment

The study discussed the use of macrolide antibiotics, particularly dirithromycin and azithromycin, in treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Role for 5-day, once-daily extended-release clarithromycin in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: GotfriedMark, BusmanTodd A, NorrisSandra, NotarioGerard F

Improved ABECB treatment
Reduced treatment costs
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

Clarithromycin is typically prescribed for a week or longer to treat acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB). However, studies on other antibiotics suggest that shorter treatment courses may be just as effective, with fewer side effects, better adherence, greater patient satisfaction, and lower costs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Short-course antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD: a meta-analysis of double-blind studies.

Author: El MoussaouiR, RoedeB M, SpeelmanP, BresserP, PrinsJ M, BossuytP M M

Effective treatment

A short course of antibiotic treatment was as effective as the traditional longer treatment in patients with mild to moderate exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

The therapeutic efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Author: CazzolaM, FlorianiI, PageC P

Improved Respiratory Function
Improved Sputum Viscosity
Reduced Cough Symptoms
Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Erdosteine, a drug used to treat chronic bronchitis or COPD (CB/COPD), significantly improved symptoms compared to placebo or mucolytics. The treatment was well tolerated.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Clinical efficacy of farcosolvin syrup (ambroxol-theophylline-guaiphenesin mixture) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

Author: YakootMostafa, SalemAmel, OmarAbdel-Mohsen

AECB treatment

This article discusses Farcosolvin, a mixture of ambroxol, theophylline, and guaiphenesin, for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Prulifloxacin versus levofloxacin in the treatment of severe COPD patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Author: BlasiF, SchabergT, CentanniS, Del VecchioA, RosignoliM T, DionisioP

COPD treatment
Low relapse

Both prulifloxacin and levofloxacin showed efficacy rates higher than 90% in the treatment of severe COPD patients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, with no statistically significant differences between the two antibiotics. The long-term follow-up confirmed a very low incidence of relapse.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Chronic Cough Due to Stable Chronic Bronchitis: CHEST Expert Panel Report.

Author: MaleskerMark A, Callahan-LyonPriscilla, MadisonJ Mark, IrelandBelinda, IrwinRichard S,

CB treatment

This study reviewed research on treatments for chronic cough caused by chronic bronchitis (CB) to update previous guidelines. The goal is to provide new recommendations for managing this condition, which can significantly impact quality of life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

Effect of SGRQ-Defined Chronic Bronchitis at Baseline on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with COPD Receiving Nebulized Glycopyrrolate.

Author: TashkinDonald P, Ozol-GodfreyAyca, SharmaSanjay, SanjarShahin

Improved lung function
Improved quality of life

Chronic bronchitis, a condition that contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can impact the effectiveness of bronchodilator medications. This study investigated the effect of nebulized glycopyrrolate, a type of bronchodilator, in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

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