Side Effects of rosiglitazone: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Rosiglitazone is a widely used drug for diabetes, and many studies have been conducted on its effectiveness and side effects. 6 found that rosiglitazone caused weight gain and fat accumulation. 24 showed that rosiglitazone could adversely affect heart function. 7 demonstrated that encapsulating rosiglitazone in nanoparticles could potentially reduce side effects.

On the other hand, new drugs are being developed that could reduce the side effects of rosiglitazone. 6 showed that dihydromyricetin was effective for diabetes with less weight gain compared to rosiglitazone. 13 showed that WSF-7 was effective for diabetes with fewer side effects compared to rosiglitazone. 1 showed that vanadyl rosiglitazone was effective for diabetes with fewer side effects compared to rosiglitazone. These studies suggest that new drugs are being developed that could reduce the side effects of rosiglitazone.

Reasons for Side Effects

Rosiglitazone increases insulin sensitivity and lowers blood sugar by activating PPARγ. However, PPARγ is also involved in the differentiation and proliferation of fat cells, so rosiglitazone may cause side effects such as weight gain and fat accumulation. 24 showed that rosiglitazone could adversely affect the function of heart mitochondria. This is thought to be because rosiglitazone activates PPARγ, which causes mitochondrial uncoupling. It has also been reported that rosiglitazone can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart failure, and bladder cancer.

Common Side Effects

Weight Gain

Rosiglitazone can promote the differentiation and proliferation of fat cells, which can lead to weight gain as a side effect. 6 found that rosiglitazone caused weight gain and fat accumulation.

Edema

Rosiglitazone has vasodilatory effects, which can cause edema as a side effect. 12 found that rosiglitazone has vasodilatory effects.

Osteoporosis

Rosiglitazone may inhibit bone formation, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. 21 showed that rosiglitazone inhibits bone formation and increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Heart Failure

Rosiglitazone may weaken the contractility of myocardial cells, increasing the risk of heart failure. 24 showed that rosiglitazone could adversely affect heart function.

Bladder Cancer

Rosiglitazone may increase the risk of bladder cancer. This is thought to be because rosiglitazone promotes the growth of bladder cells.

Side Effect Countermeasures

Weight Gain

To suppress weight gain, it is important to follow a diet and exercise plan. Measures such as reducing the dosage of rosiglitazone are also effective.

Edema

To reduce edema, it is important to take measures such as resting with your legs elevated. Reducing the dosage of rosiglitazone is also effective.

Osteoporosis

To reduce the risk of osteoporosis, it is important to consume calcium and vitamin D. Reducing the dosage of rosiglitazone is also effective.

Heart Failure

To reduce the risk of heart failure, it is important to reduce the burden on the heart. Therefore, it is essential to undergo regular check-ups with a doctor.

Bladder Cancer

To reduce the risk of bladder cancer, it is important to refrain from smoking. Regular check-ups with a doctor are also essential.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies have shown that rosiglitazone is effective in treating diabetes. However, it has also been shown that rosiglitazone may cause side effects such as weight gain and edema.

Differences Between Studies

The severity and incidence of rosiglitazone side effects may vary depending on the study. This is thought to be due to differences in the study subjects and research methods.

Precautions for Application in Real Life

Rosiglitazone is an effective drug for treating diabetes, but it may cause side effects such as weight gain and edema. Therefore, it is essential to take rosiglitazone as directed by your doctor. Regular check-ups with a doctor are also essential.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of rosiglitazone is still insufficient. In particular, research on long-term side effects is lacking. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the long-term safety of rosiglitazone.

Future Research Directions

Future research, such as the development of new drugs to reduce the side effects of rosiglitazone and the discovery of biomarkers to predict rosiglitazone side effects, is expected to further clarify the safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone.

Conclusion

Rosiglitazone is an effective drug for treating diabetes, but it may cause side effects such as weight gain and edema. It is essential to take rosiglitazone as directed by your doctor. Regular check-ups with a doctor are also essential.

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
0
1
2
6
28
1.

Effect of Vanadyl Rosiglitazone, a New Insulin-Mimetic Vanadium Complexes, on Glucose Homeostasis of Diabetic Mice.

Author: JiangPingzhe, DongZhen, MaBaicheng, NiZaizhong, DuanHuikun, LiXiaodan, WangBin, MaXiaofeng, WeiQian, JiXiangzhen, LiMinggang

Improved blood glucose
Improved diabetes treatment
Insulin-mimetic activity
Reduced toxicity

Vanadyl rosiglitazone, a new organic vanadium compound, was found to effectively regulate blood glucose levels and relieve diabetic symptoms in mice without side effects. It shows potential as a new oral drug for type 2 diabetes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Indole and 2,4-Thiazolidinedione conjugates as potential anticancer modulators.

Author: CoriglianoDomenica M, SyedRiyaz, MessineoSebastiano, LupiaAntonio, PatelRahul, ReddyChittireddy Venkata Ramana, DubeyPramod K, ColicaCarmela, AmatoRosario, De SarroGiovambattista, AlcaroStefano, IndrasenaAdisherla, BrunettiAntonio

Anti-Proliferative Effects
Insulin Resistance Treatment
Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Cardiac Issues
Hepatotoxicity
Water Retention

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. They can also be used to fight cancer, but they can cause liver problems, water retention, and heart problems. This study created new versions of TZDs that may be safer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation.

Author: LaghezzaAntonio, PiemonteseLuca, CerchiaCarmen, MontanariRoberta, CapelliDavide, GiudiciMarco, CrestaniMaurizio, TortorellaPaolo, PeirettiFranck, PochettiGiorgio, LavecchiaAntonio, LoiodiceFulvio

Dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes treatment

A new PPARα/γ dual agonist, (S)-6, has been identified as a potent partial agonist of both PPARα and γ subtypes. This compound exhibits a unique binding mode and can potentially treat dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes without the typical side effects of thiazolidinediones.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Future therapeutics for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Author: SharmaSorabh, TaliyanRajeev

Insulin resistance treatment
Side effects

Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity. This review focuses on the regulation of insulin signaling by HDACs and the future scope of HDAC inhibitors as therapeutics for insulin resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

The Positive Regulation of eNOS Signaling by PPAR Agonists in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Author: MaccalliniCristina, MollicaAdriano, AmorosoRosa

Vascular function

PPAR agonists hold potential for treating cardiovascular diseases by regulating vascular endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability, but further research is needed to optimize their efficacy and minimize side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Thiazolidinediones: the Forgotten Diabetes Medications.

Author: LebovitzHarold E

Insulin resistance treatment
Safety issues
Side effects

This article discusses the use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) for insulin resistance. TZDs have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but their use has been limited due to safety concerns and side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Endothelial Cell-Targeted Deletion of PPAR<i>&#947;</i> Blocks Rosiglitazone-Induced Plasma Volume Expansion and Vascular Remodeling in Adipose Tissue.

Author: AkiyamaTaro E, Skelhorne-GrossGraham E, LightbodyElizabeth D, RubinoRachel E, ShiJia Yue, McNamaraLesley A, SharmaNeelam, ZycbandEmanuel I, GonzalezFrank J, LiuHaiying, WoodsJohn W, ChangC H, BergerJoel P, NicolChristopher J B

Insulin sensitivity
Edema
Weight gain

This study found that rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) drug, has direct effects on the endothelium through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). This activation plays a critical role in rosiglitazone-mediated plasma volume expansion, which is associated with weight gain and peripheral edema.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Cross-Talk between Obesity and Diabetes: Introducing Polyphenols as an Effective Phytomedicine to Combat the Dual Sword Diabesity.

Author: ShahMuhammad Ajmal, HarisMuhammad, FaheemHafiza Ishmal, HamidAyesha, YousafRimsha, RasulAzhar, ShahGhulam Mujtaba, KhalilAtif Ali Khan, WahabAbdul, KhanHaroon, AlhasaniReem Hasaballah, AlthobaitiNorah A

Diabesity treatment

This review explores the potential of natural polyphenols, particularly dietary polyphenols, in combating "diabesity," a combination of diabetes and obesity. The review discusses how these polyphenols can target specific genes and molecular pathways to address both diabetes and obesity by modulating various mechanisms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Mechanisms of toxic cardiomyopathy.

Author: HantsonPhilippe

Cardiomyopathy diagnosis

This review discusses dilated cardiomyopathy, a frequent cause of heart failure, and specifically focuses on idiopathic cardiomyopathy, a primary disorder often linked to genetic predisposition. It emphasizes the importance of ruling out other causes, including viral, immune, and toxic factors, before diagnosing idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

An accurate and dual-effective body slimming method through a soluble microneedle patch with variable temperature.

Author: PengHaichuan, ZhouYan, ZhangChuxi, WangManyu, ZhaoSiyu, XuYingying, ZhangWei, XinHongbo, WangXiaolei

Obesity treatment
Weight loss

This study presents a novel approach to body slimming using a microneedle (MN) patch loaded with the weight-loss drug Rosiglitazone. The patch is designed to enhance the photo-thermal effect and accelerate drug release to target fat regions under near-infrared (NIR) light.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Multitargeted bioactive ligands for PPARs discovered in the last decade.

Author: ZhangJun, LiuXin, XieXian-Bin, ChengXian-Chao, WangRun-Ling

Reduce side effect
Treat metabolic disorder

This review discusses the development of multitarget-directed PPAR agonists for treating type 2 diabetes. The review highlights the progress in developing PPARγ partial agonists, PPARγ antagonists, PPARα/γ dual agonists, PPARδ partial agonists, PPARδ antagonists, PPARα/δ dual agonists, PPARγ/δ dual agonists, and PPARα/γ/δ pan-agonists. These molecules offer promise for more effective and safer diabetes treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

[The role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review].

Author: IshmuratovaA N, AbramovM A, KuznetsovK O, IvanyutaM V, ShakirovaZ F, KitapovaA I, UsmonovM D, ChernousovaL M, ValeevaL I, KuznetsovaA Yu, BaislamovA S, ShaihetdinovaA R, MirgalievA A, OrozberdievS T, YakupovaK I

Cognitive function
Memory
Side effects

This review examined the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metformin, intranasal insulin, thiazolidinediones, and incretins showed a positive effect in both humans and animal models. Thiazolidinediones activate pathways regulated by IGF-1, but rosiglitazone may pose a significant risk of side effects. The results of clinical studies on the use of metformin in AD are limited and contradictory.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

24.

PPARγ-Independent Side Effects of Thiazolidinediones on Mitochondrial Redox State in Rat Isolated Hearts.

Author: RiessMatthias L, ElorbanyReem, WeihrauchDorothee, StoweDavid F, CamaraAmadou K S

Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury
Heart failure

This study investigated the effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of anti-diabetic drugs, on myocardial and mitochondrial function in isolated rat hearts. The study found that rosiglitazone administration before ischemia-reperfusion (IR) increased IR injury. Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone caused excessive mitochondrial uncoupling, suggesting that TZDs may enhance myocardial IR injury through mitochondrial dysfunction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

28.

Tectorigenin alleviates intrahepatic cholestasis by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and bile accumulation via activation of PPARγ.

Author: XiangJiaqing, YangGuangyan, MaChuanrui, WeiLingling, WuHan, ZhangWei, TaoXiuhua, JiangLingyun, LiangZhen, KangLin, YangShu

Alleviate cholestasis

Tectorigenin is a compound that activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the liver. PPARγ activation is associated with improvements in liver health. This study investigated the effects of tectorigenin in mice with cholestasis, a condition that occurs when bile flow from the liver is blocked.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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