Side Effects of tizanidine: A Synthesis of Findings from 30 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Tizanidine is an imidazoline with central alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist activity at both spinal and supraspinal levels, which is indicated as a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. 13 Despite being used in pediatric populations, there is no adequate information or well controlled studies to document the safety and efficacy of tizanidine in this group. 13

A study in patients with spinal cord injuries determined that oral administration of tizanidine resulted in a reduction in spasticity that lasted for 3 to 4 hours. 11 There was no rebound increase in blood pressure, and resting heart rate was reduced. 11 Side effects included sedation and dry mouth. 11

Oral medications are often used to treat spasticity, but they often have limited efficacy and are prone to side effects. 14 For example, oral baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine often have poor effects on spasticity and frequently lead to the appearance of undesirable side effects caused by the concentration of these molecules at the brain level. 14

In the treatment of tension headaches, tizanidine has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo. 30 Tizanidine helped reduce the frequency and intensity of headaches in patients with tension headaches and reduced the use of analgesics. 30 However, side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth were reported. 30

In children with cerebral palsy, combined treatment with botulinum toxin A and low-dose tizanidine was more effective and had fewer side effects than combined treatment with botulinum toxin A and baclofen, particularly with regard to improvements in motor function and a reduction in caregiver burden. 20

Reasons for Side Effects

Tizanidine is thought to reduce spasticity by activating alpha2 adrenergic receptors. 18 This action occurs in both the spinal cord and the brain, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters and reducing neuronal excitability, thereby relieving muscle tension. 18 However, alpha2 adrenergic receptors are also present in other tissues such as the brain and heart, so tizanidine can also act on these tissues and cause side effects.

Common side effects

Drowsiness

Drowsiness is one of the most common side effects of tizanidine. 11 30 This is thought to be due to tizanidine inhibiting the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, causing sedation. 18

Dry mouth

Tizanidine can cause dry mouth. 11 30 This is thought to be due to tizanidine inhibiting the activity of the salivary glands. 18

Low blood pressure

Tizanidine can cause low blood pressure. 7 This is thought to be due to tizanidine dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. 18

Muscle weakness

Tizanidine can cause muscle weakness. 17 This is thought to be due to tizanidine inhibiting muscle activity. 18

Liver dysfunction

Tizanidine can cause liver dysfunction. 2 This is thought to be due to tizanidine being metabolized in the liver. 18

Decreased heart rate

Tizanidine can cause a decrease in heart rate. 11 This is thought to be due to tizanidine suppressing heart nerves. 18

Respiratory depression

Tizanidine can cause respiratory depression. 18 This is thought to be due to tizanidine suppressing the respiratory center. 18

Measures to counter side effects

Drowsiness

To reduce drowsiness caused by tizanidine, it is effective to reduce the dosage or take it before bedtime. 17 27

Dry mouth

To reduce dry mouth, it is important to drink plenty of fluids. 18

Low blood pressure

If you are concerned about low blood pressure, please consult a doctor. 18

Muscle weakness

If you are concerned about muscle weakness, please consult a doctor. 18

Liver dysfunction

If you suspect liver dysfunction, please consult a doctor. 18

Decreased heart rate

If you are concerned about a decrease in heart rate, please consult a doctor. 18

Respiratory depression

If you suspect respiratory depression, please consult a doctor. 18

Comparison between studies

Common points of studies

Many studies have shown that tizanidine is effective in treating spasticity. 11 18 Also, some studies have reported that tizanidine has fewer side effects compared to other spasticity treatments, such as baclofen. 18 4 However, tizanidine can cause side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth. 11 30

Differences between studies

Studies have also reported that tizanidine is effective in treating tension headaches. 30 Also, in children with cerebral palsy, there have been reports that combined treatment with botulinum toxin A and tizanidine is more effective and has fewer side effects than baclofen. 20

Points to note about application to real life

While tizanidine is an effective medication for the treatment of spasticity and tension headaches, it is important to be aware of potential side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth. 18 When taking tizanidine, follow your doctor's instructions and adhere to the appropriate dosage. 18 Also, exercise caution when performing tasks that require concentration, such as driving or operating machinery. 18

Limitations of current research

Research on tizanidine is still insufficient, especially in terms of safety and efficacy data for pediatric patients. 13 Additionally, research on the interactions between tizanidine and other medications is also lacking. 18

Directions for future research

To further investigate the safety and efficacy of tizanidine, clinical trials involving pediatric patients are needed. 13 Also, research on the interactions between tizanidine and other medications is required. 18

Conclusion

Tizanidine is an effective drug for the treatment of spasticity and tension headaches, but it is important to be aware of potential side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth. 18 When taking tizanidine, follow your doctor's instructions and adhere to the appropriate dosage. 18 Also, further research on tizanidine is needed. 18

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Effective pain relief at night
Effective pain relief at rest
Effective treatment for acute low-back pain
Improved treatment in patients with moderate or severe pain
Improved treatment in patients with sciatica
Reduced gastrointestinal side effects
3
Muscle tone reduction
Spasm reduction
Subjective relief
4
Spasticity treatment
5
Muscle tension
Well tolerated
6
Back pain treatment
7
Decrease spinal reflex excitability
8
Improved patient compliance
Sustained release of TZH
9
Postoperative analgesia
10
Lower heart rate
Minimal blood pressure effects
Reduced spasticity
11
Extended treatment options
Reduced need for surgery
12
Spasticity management
13
Improved motor function
Reduced spasticity
14
Spasticity reduction
15
Improved disability
Improved spasticity
Well tolerated
16
Improves sleep
Treats spasticity
17
Reduced spasticity
18
Antihyperalgesic effect
19
Improved motor function
Spastic equinus foot deformity treatment
20
Intrathecal baclofen efficacy
Spasticity reduction
21
Cardiovascular safety
Pain relief
22
Pain relief
23
Reduced spasticity
24
Muscle relaxant effect
Myotonolytic action
25
Controlled release
Reduced side effects
26
Improved sleep
Muscle relaxation
27
Tension headache treatment
28
Spasticity treatment
29
Tension headache treatment
30
Risk Keywords
Delirium
Tizanidine withdrawal
1
Chest pain
Elevated liver enzymes
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Right heart failure
Sinus bradycardia
2
Central nervous system effects
Drowsiness
3
Side effects
4
Muscle weakness
Somnolence
Xerostomia
5
Asthenia
Sleepiness
6
Hypotension
7
Side effects
8
Dry mouth
Sedation
11
Predictable side effects
12
Side effects
14
Side effects
15
Minor side effects
16
Sedation
17
Side effects
18
Bradycardia
Hypotension
19
Intrathecal baclofen cost
Intrathecal baclofen invasiveness
Pain treatment limited evidence
21
Incoordination
Sedation
22
Hemodynamic side effects
23
Side effects
24
Blood pressure reduction
25
Facial pallor
27
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
30
Literature analysis of 30 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
4
0
1
5
30
1.

[Tizanidine withdrawal symptoms in stress cardiomyopathy].

Author: MörklS, BengesserS A, SchögglH, BayerD, KapfhammerH P

Delirium
Tizanidine withdrawal

Central muscle relaxants like tizanidine might have an impact on the development of delirium.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

2.

[Extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with acute right heart failure under tizanidine (Sirdalud). Possible pharmacological interaction with rofecoxib (Vioxx)].

Author: KickAnastas, BertoliRaffaela, MoschovitisGiorgio, Caduff JanosaPia, CernyAndreas

Chest pain
Elevated liver enzymes
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Right heart failure
Sinus bradycardia

A 59-year-old woman experienced extreme sinus bradycardia (30 beats per minute), chest pain, acute right heart failure, gastrointestinal symptoms, and elevated liver enzymes while taking tizanidine, diclofenac, and rofecoxib. Her symptoms resolved after discontinuing the medications.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

3.

Tizanidine and ibuprofen in acute low-back pain: results of a double-blind multicentre study in general practice.

Author: BerryH, HutchinsonD R

Effective pain relief at night
Effective pain relief at rest
Effective treatment for acute low-back pain
Improved treatment in patients with moderate or severe pain
Improved treatment in patients with sciatica
Reduced gastrointestinal side effects
Central nervous system effects
Drowsiness

Tizanidine, a muscle relaxant, was combined with ibuprofen for treating acute low-back pain. The combination showed greater effectiveness than ibuprofen alone, particularly in relieving night and rest pain. Tizanidine was also associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects but more central nervous system effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

[Comparative double-blind study of the effectiveness and tolerance of baclofen, tetrazepam and tizanidine in spastic movement disorders of the lower extremities].

Author: PellkoferM, PauligM

Muscle tone reduction
Spasm reduction
Subjective relief
Side effects

Tetrazepam, baclofen, and tizanidine, centrally effective antispasmodics, were compared in patients with multiple sclerosis and spastic motor disturbances. All three drugs showed similar efficacy in reducing muscular tonus and subjective relief of spasms. Tetrazepam showed the most favorable benefit/risk ratio.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

5.

Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Author: BassB, WeinshenkerB, RiceG P, NoseworthyJ H, CameronM G, HaderW, BouchardS, EbersG C

Spasticity treatment
Muscle weakness
Somnolence
Xerostomia

Tizanidine and baclofen were compared for treating spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. While both drugs were effective, baclofen was considered superior in terms of efficacy and tolerance. Muscle weakness was the most common side effect, more pronounced with baclofen.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

[The use of sirdalud MR in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Author: BatyshevaT T, PopovaN F, PetrovS V, KamchatnovP R, ZaĭtsevK A, BoĭkoA N

Muscle tension
Well tolerated
Asthenia
Sleepiness

This study compared the effects of two different formulations of tizanidine (sirdalud MR and standard tablets) on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Both formulations effectively reduced spasticity, but sirdalud MR exhibited more stable effects that lasted for two weeks after treatment cessation. Additionally, sirdalud MR showed better tolerability with fewer side effects.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

8.

The medical management of spasticity.

Author: AbbruzzeseG

Decrease spinal reflex excitability
Side effects

Antispastic drugs are effective for treating spasticity, but they can cause side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Ultrasound-guided bilateral superficial cervical block and preemptive single-dose oral tizanidine for post-thyroidectomy pain: a randomized-controlled double-blind study.

Author: AhiskaliogluAli, YayikAhmet Murat, Oral AhiskaliogluElif, DostbilAysenur, DoymusOmer, KaradenizErdem, AriMuhammet Ali, SengozFurkan, AliciHaci Ahmet, CelikErkan Cem

Postoperative analgesia

This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of combined use of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) and a single-dose oral tizanidine in patients undergoing elective thyroid surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the oral antispastic agent tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injury.

Author: MathiasC J, LuckittJ, DesaiP, BakerH, el MasriW, FrankelH L

Lower heart rate
Minimal blood pressure effects
Reduced spasticity
Dry mouth
Sedation

Tizanidine is effective in reducing spasticity in patients with spinal cord injuries, with a duration of action of 3 to 4 hours. It has minimal effects on blood pressure and a short half-life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Pharmacotherapy of spasticity: some theoretical and practical considerations.

Author: RiceG P

Extended treatment options
Reduced need for surgery
Predictable side effects

New antispasticity agents have improved treatment for patients with spasticity, eliminating the need for destructive neurosurgical procedures. Baclofen remains the most common agent, but benzodiazepines, dantrolene sodium, and tizanidine are useful alternatives or adjunctive treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Pediatric safety of tizanidine: clinical adverse event database and retrospective chart assessment.

Author: HenneyHerbert R, ChezMichael

Spasticity management

Despite being used in pediatric populations, there is limited evidence on the safety and efficacy of tizanidine, a medication for spasticity, in children.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

The guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of spasticity.

Author: DonesI, NazziV, BroggiG

Improved motor function
Reduced spasticity
Side effects

This study explores various treatment options for spasticity, a common symptom in neurological diseases, including oral and intrathecal baclofen, botulinum toxin, and peripheral neurotomies, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment plans.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Practice GuidelineGuidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of specific medical conditions in medical practice.

Language : English

15.

Tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity.

Author: NewmanP M, NoguesM, NewmanP K, WeightmanD, HudgsonP

Spasticity reduction
Side effects

Tizanidine appeared to reduce lower limb spasticity more effectively than baclofen and with fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Tizanidine in the management of spasticity and musculoskeletal complaints in the palliative care population.

Author: SmithH S, BartonA E

Improves sleep
Treats spasticity
Sedation

Tizanidine, a central alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, is a potentially helpful treatment for spasticity and chronic muscle pain in palliative care patients. Clinical studies have shown it to be as effective as other antispastic agents but with less muscle weakness. Tizanidine can cause sedation, which is minimized by dose titration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Alpha adrenergic and serotonergic agents in the treatment of spastic hypertonia.

Author: NanceP W

Reduced spasticity
Side effects

This article outlines eight important steps to consider when treating patients with problematic spasticity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Antihyperalgesic and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

Author: KawamataTomoyuki, OmoteKeiichi, YamamotoHiroki, ToriyabeMasaki, WadaKohsuke, NamikiAkiyoshi

Antihyperalgesic effect
Bradycardia
Hypotension

This study evaluated the antihyperalgesic effects and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Author: BeardS, HunnA, WightJ

Intrathecal baclofen efficacy
Spasticity reduction
Intrathecal baclofen cost
Intrathecal baclofen invasiveness
Pain treatment limited evidence

There is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of several oral medications for spasticity in multiple sclerosis, including baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam, and tizanidine. Botulinum toxin and intrathecal baclofen are effective in reducing spasticity and associated with functional benefit, but are invasive and expensive. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of any drug treatment for pain in multiple sclerosis.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Continuous intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in conscious dogs: analgesic and hemodynamic effects.

Author: KroinJeffrey S, McCarthyRobert J, PennRichard D, LubenowTimothy J, IvankovichAnthony D

Cardiovascular safety
Pain relief
Incoordination
Sedation

This study compares the effects of clonidine and tizanidine, two alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, on analgesia and cardiovascular function in dogs. The study suggests that tizanidine may be a useful alternative to clonidine for intrathecal analgesia, as it produces comparable analgesia with fewer cardiovascular side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in conscious dogs: comparison of analgesic and hemodynamic effects.

Author: KroinJ S, McCarthyR J, PennR D, LubenowT R, IvankovichA D

Pain relief
Hemodynamic side effects

Intrathecal administration of clonidine and tizanidine, both alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, produced potent analgesic effects in dogs. While both drugs had similar analgesic effects, their hemodynamic responses differed. Clonidine induced bradycardia and a biphasic effect on blood pressure, while tizanidine decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Pregabalin in the treatment of spasticity: a retrospective case series.

Author: BradleyL J, KirkerS G B

Reduced spasticity
Side effects

Pregabalin may be of value as a systemic agent in the treatment of spasticity, although properly controlled studies with clearly defined outcome measures are required to confirm this finding.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

[Effects of tizanidine for refractory sleep disturbance in disabled children with spastic quadriplegia].

Author: TanakaHajime, FukudaIkue, MiyamotoAkie, OkaRyuji, ChoKazuhiko, FujiedaKenji

Improved sleep
Muscle relaxation
Facial pallor

This study investigated the effectiveness of tizanidine, a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, for treating sleep disturbance in spastic quadriplegic children. Tizanidine improved sleep induction and/or maintenance in 61.9% of patients, with minimal side effects. The authors suggest that tizanidine's effects on muscle relaxation and sleep induction may contribute to its effectiveness in this population.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Japanese

28.

[Therapeutic blockades and reflexotherapy in the complex treatment of tension headache].

Author: MedvedevaL A, AvakianG N, Zagorul'koO I, GnezdilovA V

Tension headache treatment

This study compared the effectiveness of fluoxetine and tizanidine with therapeutic blockades of the occipital nerve and trigger points in the treatment of tension headache. Therapeutic blockades resulted in a significant decrease in the use of analgesics and central myorelaxants, and side effects were completely avoided.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

29.

Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke.

Author: GelberD A, GoodD C, DromerickA, SergayS, RichardsonM

Spasticity treatment

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tizanidine, a centrally acting alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist, in the treatment of stroke-related spasticity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

30.

Tizanidine in chronic tension-type headache: a placebo controlled double-blind cross-over study.

Author: FogelholmR, MurrosK

Tension headache treatment
Drowsiness
Dry mouth

Tizanidine was more effective than placebo in treating chronic tension-type headache in 37 women. Side effects, such as drowsiness and dry mouth, were more common with tizanidine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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