Side Effects of amantadine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of amantadine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Amantadine, initially developed for treating influenza A virus, is also used off-label for Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and managing extrapyramidal symptoms. 14 . While its mechanism in these conditions remains unclear, amantadine is associated with nervous system side effects. 1 . Research has revealed diverse side effects, including eye complications, neurological issues, mental health changes, and metabolic alterations. Specific side effects documented include:

Reasons for Side Effects

Amantadine's side effects stem from its mechanism of action. It increases dopamine levels in the brain, a neurotransmitter crucial for movement, mood, thinking, and learning. This dopamine increase is believed to cause neurological and mental health side effects. Amantadine is metabolized by the liver and excreted through urine. If this process is inefficient, the drug accumulates in the body, potentially intensifying side effects.

Common Side Effects

Eye Side Effects

Amantadine can lead to corneal edema, a condition where the cornea swells with fluid, potentially causing blurry vision and eye pain. 14 . This side effect is particularly observed in children receiving amantadine. 14

Nervous System Side Effects

Amantadine can induce nervous system side effects such as dizziness, unsteadiness, drowsiness, nervousness, and insomnia. 1 . Approximately 33% of patients taking amantadine experience these effects. 2 . Additionally, it can impair attention span and concentration, with around 16% of patients showing decreased performance on sustained attention tasks. 2

Mental Side Effects

Hallucinations, delusions, and confusion are potential mental side effects of amantadine. 7 . The difficulty lies in attributing these effects to SARS-CoV-2 infection (as amantadine is used off-label for this) or the drug itself in patients receiving it for COVID-19 treatment. 7

Metabolic Side Effects

Weight gain is a potential metabolic side effect of amantadine. 10 . It's believed to contribute to weight gain by increasing appetite. 10 . Amantadine can also impact metabolism. 5 . It has been shown to affect the metabolic profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism. 5

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Eye Side Effects

If corneal edema develops from taking amantadine, discontinuing the drug is necessary. Consult an ophthalmologist if symptoms persist.

Nervous System Side Effects

Discuss any nervous system side effects experienced while taking amantadine with your doctor. They may adjust the dosage to mitigate symptoms. In severe cases, amantadine might be stopped entirely.

Mental Side Effects

Consult your doctor about any mental side effects experienced while taking amantadine. They may adjust the dosage to mitigate symptoms. In severe cases, amantadine might be stopped entirely.

Metabolic Side Effects

Discuss any metabolic side effects such as weight gain experienced while taking amantadine with your doctor. They may adjust the dosage to mitigate symptoms. In severe cases, amantadine might be stopped entirely.

Comparison of Studies

Common Points of Studies

Multiple studies consistently demonstrate that amantadine can cause side effects. These studies highlight the potential for neurological, mental, and metabolic adverse events associated with amantadine use.

Differences in Studies

The specific types and frequency of side effects associated with amantadine vary across different studies. For example, one study found that approximately 33% of patients taking amantadine experienced nervous system side effects, while another study showed that about 16% experienced difficulty maintaining attention. 2 . These discrepancies likely stem from differences in the patient populations and methodologies used in each study.

Points to Note Regarding Application to Real Life

Amantadine, a valuable medication for influenza A virus and Parkinson's disease, has potential side effects. It's crucial to be aware of these, including eye, neurological, mental, and metabolic issues. Before starting amantadine, discuss these potential side effects with your doctor and adhere strictly to their instructions regarding dosage and administration.

Limitations of Current Research

There's a lack of comprehensive research on the side effects of amantadine, particularly regarding its long-term impact. Furthermore, effective strategies to mitigate these side effects remain unclear.

Future Research Directions

Continued research is essential to gain a more complete understanding of amantadine's side effects. Long-term studies and investigations into effective mitigation strategies are crucial.

Conclusion

Amantadine is an effective drug for influenza A virus and Parkinson's disease, but it's important to remember the potential for side effects. Consult your doctor about these risks, follow their dosage instructions carefully, and be mindful of any potential side effects while taking amantadine.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
8
Article Type
2
0
2
6
25
1.

Double-blind controlled study of central nervous system side effects of amantadine, rimantadine, and chlorpheniramine.

Author: MilletV M, DreisbachM, BrysonY J

No effect on cognitive performance
Enhanced side effects with combination therapy
Side effects

Amantadine, rimantadine, and chlorpheniramine did not affect cognitive performance in 52 healthy volunteers. Subjective side effects were minimal and comparable across groups. Combining amantadine and chlorpheniramine appeared to enhance side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

A prospective double-blind study of side effects associated with the administration of amantadine for influenza A virus prophylaxis.

Author: BrysonY J, MonahanC, PollackM, ShieldsW D

Amantadine efficacy
Amantadine side effects

Amantadine had notable side effects such as dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, and decreased attention span.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Amantadine withdrawal in a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia.

Author: PakAndrew, ChangEmiley

Encephalopathy
Withdrawal syndrome

This case report describes a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) who experienced amantadine withdrawal syndrome (AWS) after discontinuing the medication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Treatment of severe tardive dyskinesia with concurrent administration of olanzapine, clonazepam, baclofen, and gabapentin: a case report.

Author: GuoXiaoling, ChenJiong, WangWeixin, JiangBo, LiangBo

Efficient management of TD
Abnormal behavior
Abnormal speech
Involuntary movements

The study presented a case of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in an 18-year-old female patient. The patient's TD was efficiently managed through co-administration of olanzapine, clonazepam, baclofen, and gabapentin.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Metabolic profiling to evaluate the impact of amantadine and rimantadine on the secondary metabolism of a model organism.

Author: Kostina-BednarzMarianna, PłonkaJoanna, BarchanskaHanna

Increased bioavailability
Reduced side effects
None mentioned

This study investigated the effects of amantadine and rimantadine, two drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, on metabolism in yeast. Resveratrol supplementation was found to increase the metabolism of rimantadine, potentially reducing side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Psychotic Disorders in the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Uncomplicated Amantadine Treatment?-Case Report.

Author: TatarDominika, ŚwierzyKrzysztof, BłachutMichał, Badura BrzozaKarina

COVID-19 treatment
Amantadine side effects
Mental disorders
Visual hallucinations

This case report describes a patient with psychotic symptoms who was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and treated with amantadine.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

8.

Essential Oils and Their Compounds as Potential Anti-Influenza Agents.

Author: OriolaAyodeji Oluwabunmi, OyedejiAdebola Omowunmi

Anti-influenza agents
EOs therapeutic uses
Drug side effects
Viral resistance

This review explores the potential of essential oils as anti-influenza agents, discussing their chemistry, ethnomedicinal values, biological activity, and mechanisms of action.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

AV-101, a Pro-Drug Antagonist at the NMDA Receptor Glycine Site, Reduces L-Dopa Induced Dyskinesias in MPTP Monkeys.

Author: BourqueMélanie, GrégoireLaurent, PatelWaseema, DickensDavid, SnodgrassRalph, Di PaoloThérèse

No adverse effects
Reduced LID

This study demonstrated that AV-101, a pro-drug of 7-chlorokynurenic acid, reduced L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-lesioned monkeys without affecting the antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Synergistic effect of serotonin 1A and serotonin 1B/D receptor agonists in the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.

Author: ThomsenMikael, StoicaAnca, ChristensenKenneth Vielsted, FrylandTue, MikkelsenJens D, HansenJohn Bondo

PD treatment
LID
Neurological side effects

This article highlights the need for effective treatments for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD patients. While amantadine is currently the only approved therapy, its limited efficacy and neurological side effects create a significant unmet need.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Amantadine-induced bilateral corneal edema in a pediatric patient.

Author: ChaoJonathan, DunnSteven, BohraLisa

Visual impairment

Amantadine, a drug primarily used for influenza A, is also used off-label for various neurological conditions. This case report describes a patient who experienced transient visual impairment associated with amantadine use, leading to regression of his underlying neurodevelopmental status. While amantadine-associated ocular side effects are rare, this case emphasizes the need for careful monitoring of patients on amantadine therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Amantadine treatment is associated with improved consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury.

Author: RühlLena, KuramatsuJoji B, SembillJochen A, KallmünzerBernd, MadzarDominik, GernerStefan T, Giede-JeppeAntje, BalkStefanie, MuellerTamara, JägerJakob, SchwabStefan, HuttnerHagen B, SprügelMaximilian I

Improved consciousness
Seizure risk

This pooled analysis of individual patient data from five observational studies investigated the effect of amantadine treatment on consciousness in patients with non-traumatic brain injury. The study found that amantadine was associated with improved consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. However, it also found a numerically higher rate of epileptic seizures in the amantadine group. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the safety of amantadine in this setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Ocular adverse events from pharmacological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis-A systematic review of the literature.

Author: Muñoz-OrtizJuliana, Reyes-GuanesJuliana, Zapata-BravoEstefanía, Mora-MuñozLaura, Reyes-HurtadoJuan Antonio, Tierradentro-GarcíaLuis Octavio, Rojas-CarabaliWilliam, Gómez-SuarezMarcela, de-la-TorreAlejandra

Ocular adverse events
Opportunistic infections

This systematic review examined ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) related to pharmacological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. The results showed that fingolimod and siponimod were commonly associated with macular edema, interferon β with retinopathy, alemtuzumab with thyroid eye disease, amantadine with corneal edema, and steroids with acute retinal necrosis. The study highlights the need for longitudinal studies and interdisciplinary approaches to monitor ocular symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Delayed amantadine toxicity causing apparent progression of multiple sclerosis.

Author: BradleyLloyd

Ataxia
Cognitive deterioration
Hallucinations

This retrospective case report describes a patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) who developed late-onset side effects of amantadine. The patient experienced cognitive deterioration, ataxia, and hallucinations, which resolved completely upon cessation of amantadine. The case highlights the potential for cumulative side effects of drugs used to treat SPMS symptoms.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Struggling to find Effective Pharmacologic Options for Akathisia? B-CALM!

Author: ThippaiahSrinagesh Mannekote, FargasonRachel E, BirurBadari

akathisia treatment
mirtazapine
propranolol
antipsychotic-induced akathisia

This review discusses the available classes of rescue agents for akathisia symptoms, including beta-blockers, clonazepam, anticholinergics, clonidine, and mirtazapine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Implications of dopaminergic medication withdrawal in Parkinson's disease.

Author: KoschelJ, Ray ChaudhuriK, TöngesL, ThielM, RaederV, JostW H

Withdrawal symptoms

Tapering off dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in Parkinson's disease (PD) requires careful consideration due to the risk of severe withdrawal symptoms. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid reduction of dopamine agonists or amantadine can lead to life-threatening consequences. Further research is needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for tapering off DRT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

24.

Safety of Memantine in Combination with Potentially Interactive Drugs in the Real World: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database.

Author: SatoKenichiro, ManoTatsuo, IwataAtsushi, TodaTatsushi

Alzheimer's disease treatment
Memantine interactions

Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used to treat Alzheimer's disease. It should be used with caution in combination with amantadine or dextromethorphan due to potential interactions that may increase adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Possible Antidepressant Effects of Memantine-Systematic Review with a Case Study.

Author: KrzystanekMarek, SurmaStanisław, PałaszArtur, RomańczykMonika, KrystaKrzysztof

Improved bipolar depression treatment

This article reviews the evidence for the antidepressant effects of memantine, a drug primarily used to treat Alzheimer's disease, in patients with bipolar depression. The article presents a case study of a patient with bipolar depression who successfully responded to memantine as an add-on therapy to mood stabilizers, suggesting its potential as an effective augmentation therapy for bipolar depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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