Effective treatment of antidepressants: A Synthesis of Findings from 84 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effective treatment of antidepressants: A Synthesis of Findings from 84 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

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This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Several studies have shown that antidepressants are more effective than placebo in treating major depressive disorder. 25 , 10 , 46 , 49 , 62 , 63 , 68 , 41 , 2 , 8 , 38 , 11 , 66 , 47 , 22 , 52 , 51 , 69 , 75 , 71 , 43 , 74 , 6 , 73 , 60 , 65 These studies suggest that antidepressants can help improve mood, reduce depressive symptoms, and facilitate a return to social life. However, it is important to note that antidepressants also carry the risk of side effects. 39 , 4 , 15 , 5 , 37 , 44 , 59 , 31 , 48 , 82 , 38 , 66 , 74 , 6 , 73 , 60 , 65 These findings suggest that antidepressants can be an effective treatment option, but it is important to consider the risk of side effects.

Treatment Summary

The choice of antidepressant treatment should be tailored to the patient's individual condition and symptoms. 25 , 39 , 10 , 46 , 18 , 16 , 26 , 57 , 4 , 49 , 48 , 5 , 15 , 37 , 44 , 59 , 31 , 68 , 41 , 2 , 8 , 38 , 11 , 66 , 47 , 62 , 63 , 22 , 52 , 51 , 69 , 75 , 71 , 43 , 74 , 6 , 73 , 60 , 65 The combination of antidepressants with psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, can also be beneficial. 39 , 15 , 44 , 60 For treatment-resistant depression, other types of antidepressants such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may be considered. 62 , 68 , 75 , 71 , 43 In addition, the use of medications like lithium or quetiapine may be considered. 37 , 59 , 62 , 66 , 65

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Antidepressants can help improve mood, reduce depressive symptoms, and facilitate a return to social life. 25 , 10 , 46 , 49 , 62 , 63 , 68 , 41 , 2 , 8 , 38 , 11 , 66 , 47 , 22 , 52 , 51 , 69 , 75 , 71 , 43 , 74 , 6 , 73 , 60 , 65

Risks Summary

Antidepressants carry the risk of side effects. These side effects can include nausea, indigestion, drowsiness, and decreased libido. 39 , 4 , 15 , 5 , 37 , 44 , 59 , 31 , 48 , 82 , 38 , 66 , 74 , 6 , 73 , 60 , 65 While taking antidepressants, it is important to avoid alcohol and other drugs. Antidepressants should be avoided in pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities Across Studies

Many studies have shown that antidepressants are more effective than placebo in treating depression. These studies also suggest that antidepressants can help improve mood, reduce depressive symptoms, and facilitate a return to social life.

Differences Across Studies

The effectiveness and side effects of antidepressants can vary depending on the type of medication, patient's condition, and other medications being taken. Additionally, the time it takes for antidepressants to become effective varies between studies. Some studies indicate that the effects of antidepressants can be seen within a few weeks, while others suggest it may take several months.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

There is some consistency in research findings about the effectiveness and side effects of antidepressants. However, there are also contradictory results. For example, some studies have shown that certain antidepressants are more effective than others, while other studies do not show such a difference. These contradictory results can be explained by differences in research design, participant characteristics, and other factors.

Considerations for Real-World Application

It is important to use antidepressants under the care and guidance of a healthcare professional. It is dangerous to self-medicate with antidepressants or to alter dosage without a doctor's supervision. When considering using antidepressants, always consult with a doctor and follow their instructions.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on antidepressants is still incomplete, especially regarding the long-term effects and side effects of antidepressants. More research is also needed to understand why antidepressants have varying effects on different individuals.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on understanding the long-term effects and side effects of antidepressants, as well as the reasons for variations in antidepressant effectiveness among individuals. Research on more effective ways to use antidepressants and to reduce side effects is also needed.

Conclusion

Antidepressants are one of the effective treatments for depression, but it's important to remember that they can also have side effects. If you are considering using antidepressants, consult with your doctor and follow their instructions. Further research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the safety and efficacy of antidepressants.

Treatment List

Antidepressants, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), Lithium, Quetiapine, Psychotherapy

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Depression treatment
1
Depression treatment
2
Depression treatment
3
Better tolerated
Improved recovery
Safer overdose
4
Antidepressant use increase
5
Improved depression symptoms
6
Reduced relapse rate
7
Effective treatment
Proven efficacy
8
Depression treatment
9
Improved depression treatment
10
Improved depression treatment
11
Antidepressant efficacy
Depression treatment
12
Improved depression treatment
13
Depression treatment
14
Effective maintenance treatment
Prevention of relapse
15
Effective treatment of atypical depression
16
Depression treatment
17
Effective for polyneuropathy
Pain relief
18
Dysthymia treatment
19
Predictive value of early behavioral changes
20
Depression treatment
21
Depression reduction
22
Depressive disorder treatment
23
Improved treatment for depression
24
Improved major depressive disorder treatment
25
Improved major depressive disorder treatment
26
Depression symptoms
Remission
28
Reduced recurrence rate
29
Improved depression
31
Depression treatment
32
MDD treatment
33
MDD treatment
34
MDD treatment
35
Improved MDD
36
Increased response rate
37
MD treatment
38
Recurrent MDD treatment
39
MDD treatment
40
Prevents recurrences
Prevents relapses
41
Depressive symptom reduction
42
Improved depression treatment
43
Depression treatment
44
Psychotherapy cancer
45
Early antidepressant switch
46
Improved MDD treatment
48
Treatment of chronic depression
49
Effective for depression
50
None
51
Antiglucocorticoid augmentation
52
Recovery from MDD
Reduced adverse events
53
Antidepressants
54
Early improvement
55
TRD treatment
56
Improved clinical response
58
Treatment-resistant depression
59
Depression treatment
60
Accessibility
Improved depression
61
Improved depression treatment
62
Antidepressant efficacy
63
Depression treatment
64
Effective for depressive symptoms
Efficacious
65
Improved depression treatment
67
Resistant depression treatment
Tricyclic antidepressants
68
Improved depression treatment
69
Tricyclic antidepressants
Unipolar major depression treatment
70
Improved depression treatment
71
Improved TRD treatment
72
Postnatal depression treatment
74
Major depressive disorder treatment
75
Depression treatment
76
TRD treatment
77
Improved depression outcomes
78
New therapeutic agents for uni- and bipolar depression
79
Reduced drug interactions
80
Depression treatment
81
Depression treatment
82
Improved depression
83
Depression treatment
84
Risk Keywords
MAOI side effects
2
Nausea
4
Adequate therapy not increased
5
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation
6
Adverse effects
7
Increased cost
9
Relapse
Withdrawal symptoms
15
Unclear impact on personality dimensions
16
Treatment resistant depression
24
Major depressive disorder
25
Major depressive disorder
26
Non-adherence to treatment
27
Headache
Somnolence
28
Augmentation side effects
34
Side effects
41
High risk of bias
Limited evidence
42
No advantage over SSRI for severe depression
47
Anxious depression predicts worse outcomes
Non-randomized allocation
51
Treatment refractory depression
52
Postnatal depression
54
Modest sensitivity
55
Major depressive disorder
57
None mentioned
60
Limited context
61
Heterogeneity of studies
Need for more research
65
TRD treatment
66
DNA damage
73
Manic symptoms
Psychotogenic effects
83
Literature analysis of 84 papers
Positive Content
77
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
4
Article Type
45
33
24
16
81
1.

The efficacy of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of acute depressive episodes.

Author: WeissmanM M, PrusoffB A, DimascioA, NeuC, GoklaneyM, KlermanG L

Depression treatment

A study of patients with acute depression found that both amitriptyline (pharmacotherapy) and short-term interpersonal psychotherapy were equally effective and better than nonscheduled supportive psychotherapy. The combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy was more effective than either treatment alone and delayed the onset of symptom relapse.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Controlled trial of trimipramine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and combined treatment in depressed outpatients.

Author: YoungJ P, LaderM H, HughesW C

Depression treatment
MAOI side effects

A study of 135 patients with mild or moderate depression found that trimipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant) was more effective than MAOIs (phenelzine or isocarboxazid) or a combination of the two. Trimipramine was particularly effective for patients with dizziness, suicidal thoughts, irritability, insomnia, and longer duration of illness. Side effects were not a major concern in any group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Bridging the gap between psychiatric practice and primary care.

Author: ThompsonC

Better tolerated
Improved recovery
Safer overdose
Nausea

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are becoming increasingly popular for treating depression in general practice due to their safety profile and effectiveness. SSRIs have a wider therapeutic index and are safer in overdose compared to tricyclic antidepressants. They also have a different side effect profile, mainly nausea, which is better tolerated by patients. SSRIs are generally effective for depression with anxiety and insomnia and don't require dose escalation for most patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Adequacy and duration of antidepressant treatment in primary care.

Author: KatonW, von KorffM, LinE, BushT, OrmelJ

Antidepressant use increase
Adequate therapy not increased

A study of 119 patients with depression found that 45% received antidepressant treatment, but only 11% received adequate dosage and duration of therapy. A psychiatric consultation intervention led to a higher rate of antidepressant use but did not significantly improve the adequacy of treatment. Newer antidepressants may lead to better adherence compared to older medications, suggesting a need for further research on their impact on treatment outcomes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Alprazolam, amitriptyline, doxepin, and placebo in the treatment of depression.

Author: RickelsK, FeighnerJ P, SmithW T

Improved depression symptoms
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation

A study of 504 patients with major depressive episodes found that amitriptyline, doxepin, and alprazolam were all significantly more effective than placebo in reducing depressive symptoms, regardless of initial anxiety, depression levels, or subtype of depression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Author: GlenA I, JohnsonA L, ShepherdM

Reduced relapse rate
Adverse effects

A review of a multi-center clinical trial found no significant difference in the prophylactic efficacy of amitriptyline and lithium for preventing relapses of depression, despite both showing a lower relapse rate than placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

A quantitative analysis of clinical drug trials for the treatment of affective disorders.

Author: DavisJ M, WangZ, JanicakP G

Effective treatment
Proven efficacy

A meta-analysis of over 300 studies demonstrated the effectiveness of drug treatment for affective disorders, both for acute episodes and preventing recurrence.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability.

Author: SongF, FreemantleN, SheldonT A, HouseA, WatsonP, LongA, MasonJ

Depression treatment
Increased cost

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were not more effective than tricyclic antidepressants in treating depression. Drop out rates were similar between the two groups, with slightly more patients in the tricyclic group citing side effects as a reason for discontinuation.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Delayed onset of action of antidepressant drugs? Survey of results of Zurich meta-analyses.

Author: StassenH H, AngstJ, Delini-StulaA

Improved depression treatment

A study comparing different antidepressants (amitriptyline, oxaprotiline, imipramine, and moclobemide) to placebo found that all antidepressants were significantly more effective than placebo in improving symptoms. However, the timing of improvement was similar across all treatment groups, with most patients showing improvement within the first 14 days. Early improvement was a strong predictor of long-term response, with 70% of patients who showed improvement in the first two weeks ultimately achieving a full response. The study suggests that antidepressants don't primarily work by suppressing symptoms, but by creating conditions that allow some patients to recover.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Reboxetine versus imipramine in the treatment of elderly patients with depressive disorders: a double-blind randomised trial.

Author: KatonaC, BercoffE, ChiuE, TackP, VersianiM, WoelkH

Improved depression treatment

Depression in older adults is often overlooked and not treated effectively. Antidepressant medications can sometimes worsen existing health problems, interact with other medications, or cause unwanted side effects like confusion and drowsiness. New antidepressants may offer fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Efficacy and safety of tianeptine in the treatment of depressive disorders in comparison with fluoxetine.

Author: LôoH, Saiz-RuizJ, Costa e Silva JACE, AnsseauM, HerringtonR, Vaz-SerraA, DillingH, de RisioS

Antidepressant efficacy
Depression treatment

Both tianeptine and fluoxetine showed good efficacy and safety in treating depression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Inositol addition does not improve depression in SSRI treatment failures.

Author: NemetsB, MishoryA, LevineJ, BelmakerR H

Improved depression treatment

Some antidepressants, like lithium, can improve the effectiveness of SSRIs in people whose depression has not responded to SSRIs alone. While inositol has shown some antidepressant effects, a study found that it did not improve depression in people whose depression did not respond to SSRIs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

Combining psychotherapy and antidepressants in the treatment of depression.

Author: de JongheF, KoolS, van AalstG, DekkerJ, PeenJ

Depression treatment

Combined therapy with antidepressants and psychotherapy is significantly more acceptable and effective than pharmacotherapy alone for treating ambulatory patients with major depression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Comparison of the effects of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo on personality in atypical depression.

Author: AgostiVito, McGrathPatrick J

Effective treatment of atypical depression
Unclear impact on personality dimensions

Atypical depression is linked to higher rates of personality disorders. While certain antidepressants have proven effective in treating atypical depression, it is unknown if those personality traits diminish after successful treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Dialectical behavior therapy for depressed older adults: a randomized pilot study.

Author: LynchThomas R, MorseJennifer Q, MendelsonTamar, RobinsClive J

Depression treatment

Dialectical behavior therapy skills training and telephone coaching may offer promise to effectively augment the effects of antidepressant medication in depressed older adults.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Venlafaxine versus imipramine in painful polyneuropathy: a randomized, controlled trial.

Author: SindrupS H, BachF W, MadsenC, GramL F, JensenT S

Effective for polyneuropathy
Pain relief

Venlafaxine effectively relieves pain in polyneuropathy and may be as effective as imipramine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

A comparison of active drugs for the treatment of dysthymia.

Author: Silva de LimaM, HotopfM

Dysthymia treatment

Research is needed to determine the most effective treatment for dysthymia and whether different classes of antidepressants have similar efficacy and tolerability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

Onset and early behavioral effects of pharmacologically different antidepressants and placebo in depression.

Author: KatzMartin M, TekellJanet L, BowdenCharles L, BrannanSteve, HoustonJohn P, BermanNancy, FrazerAlan

Predictive value of early behavioral changes

This study investigated the speed of action and early behavioral changes associated with antidepressants (ADs) in people with depression. It found that desipramine (DMI) began working between 3 and 13 days, paroxetine (SSRI) began working around 13 days, and placebo took 16-42 days. The study also found that different types of ADs initially affected different aspects of depression. DMI initially reduced slowed movement and depressed mood more than paroxetine or placebo, while paroxetine initially reduced anxiety more in those who eventually responded. These early, drug-specific behavioral changes were predictive of which individuals would ultimately respond to the different ADs after six weeks. This suggests that observing these early changes could help predict treatment success in clinical practice.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

A randomised controlled trial to compare the cost-effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lofepramine.

Author: PevelerR, KendrickT, BuxtonM, LongworthL, BaldwinD, MooreM, ChatwinJ, GoddardJ, ThornettA, SmithH, CampbellM, ThompsonC

Depression reduction

This study compared the cost-effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and lofepramine. While no significant differences were found in outcomes or costs within the sample, SSRIs were likely to be the most cost-effective option when outcomes and costs were analyzed together.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Dose-response relationship of recent antidepressants in the short-term treatment of depression.

Author: BerneyPatricia

Depressive disorder treatment

The review investigated the possible benefits of prescribing higher doses of recent antidepressants, finding that increasing the dose may be relevant for venlafaxine to increase the number of responders, but further research is needed to define subgroups for whom high doses of SSRIs could be useful.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

24.

To combine or not to combine? A literature review of antidepressant combination therapy.

Author: DoddSeetal, HorganDavid, MalhiGin S, BerkMichael

Improved treatment for depression
Treatment resistant depression

Treatment-resistant depression is a common and significant health issue. Combining antidepressants is a popular approach to managing this condition, though it is somewhat controversial. This review examines published studies on antidepressant combinations to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

25.

A meta-analysis of early sustained response rates between antidepressants and placebo for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Author: PapakostasGeorge I, PerlisRoy H, ScaliaMargaret J, PetersenTimothy J, FavaMaurizio

Improved major depressive disorder treatment
Major depressive disorder

This study suggests that "true" response to antidepressant treatment is marked by sustained improvement in symptoms, without subsequent worsening. Early studies have shown that both antidepressant-treated and placebo-treated patients experience similar initial improvements, implying that significant and lasting improvement during the first two weeks of treatment may not be due to the antidepressant itself, but rather to non-drug related factors, such as the placebo effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

26.

A meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing milnacipran, a serotonin--norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Author: PapakostasGeorge I, FavaMaurizio

Improved major depressive disorder treatment
Major depressive disorder

Recent studies suggest that antidepressants that increase both norepinephrine and serotonin levels may be more effective for major depressive disorder (MDD) than those that only increase serotonin levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-based coaching programme to improve adherence to antidepressants.

Author: BosmansJudith E, BrookOscar H, van HoutHein P J, de BruijneMartine C, NieuwenhuyseHugo, BouterLex M, StalmanWim A B, van TulderMaurits W

Non-adherence to treatment

There were no significant differences in adherence, improvements in depressive symptoms, costs, or cost effectiveness between patients receiving coaching by a pharmacist and patients receiving usual care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Risperidone for treatment-refractory major depressive disorder: a randomized trial.

Author: MahmoudRamy A, PandinaGahan J, TurkozIbrahim, Kosik-GonzalezColette, CanusoCarla M, KujawaMary J, Gharabawi-GaribaldiGeorges M

Depression symptoms
Remission
Headache
Somnolence

This study found that risperidone augmentation produced a statistically significant mean reduction in depression symptoms, substantially increased remission and response, and improved other patient- and clinician-rated measures in patients with major depressive disorder that was suboptimally responsive to antidepressant therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

29.

Use of antidepressants in late-life depression.

Author: RajjiTarek K, MulsantBenoit H, LotrichFrancis E, LokkerCynthia, ReynoldsCharles F

Reduced recurrence rate

This study reviewed research on treating late-life depression (LLD), which is common, often overlooked, and associated with poor health outcomes. While antidepressants are typically the first-line treatment, the review found that different types of antidepressants don't appear to have significantly different success rates. Continuing treatment (maintenance therapy) after initial improvement is beneficial in preventing relapse for at least 2 years. However, there is a lack of strong evidence for effective strategies when depression does not fully resolve. The study emphasizes the need for more research to guide treatment for patients who don't achieve complete remission from late-life depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

Evidence that patients with single versus recurrent depressive episodes are differentially sensitive to treatment discontinuation: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials.

Author: KaymazNil, van OsJim, LoonenAnton J M, NolenWillem A

Antidepressants are effective in preventing relapse after remission from major depressive disorder. However, the optimal duration of continuation phase treatment, the impact of abrupt discontinuation, and the role of previous episodes in moderating the prophylactic effect of antidepressants remain unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

31.

Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for depression.

Author: CiprianiAndrea, SantilliClaudio, FurukawaToshi A, SignorettiAlessandra, NakagawaAtsuo, McGuireHugh, ChurchillRachel, BarbuiCorrado

Improved depression

While both medication and therapy are effective for depression, antidepressants remain the primary treatment. In recent decades, antidepressant use has increased significantly in Western countries, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and newer antidepressants. Escitalopram is the pure form of citalopram, which is a type of SSRI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

32.

Depression in adults: drug and physical treatments.

Author: BarbuiCorrado, ButlerRob, CiprianiAndrea, GeddesJohn, HatcherSimon

Depression treatment

Depression affects up to 10% of people, with half experiencing a return of symptoms. There is no clear evidence that any one treatment is better than others for mild to moderate depression, but the quality of research supporting different treatments varies. For severe depression, only prescription antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy have been proven to help.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

33.

Desvenlafaxine 50 and 100 mg/d in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an 8-week, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial and a post hoc pooled analysis of three studies.

Author: TourianKaren A, PadmanabhanS Krishna, GroarkJames, BrisardClaudine, FarringtonDeborah

MDD treatment

Desvenlafaxine 50 and 100 mg/d were effective for major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with placebo. Both doses were generally well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

34.

A systematic review of augmentation strategies for patients with major depressive disorder.

Author: FleurenceRachael, WilliamsonRebecca, JingYonghua, KimEdward, TranQuynh-Van, PikalovAndrei S, ThaseMichael E

MDD treatment
Augmentation side effects

This review of studies on treatments for major depression that don't respond to first-line therapy found mixed results. While some combinations with lithium or thyroid hormone showed promise, the evidence was inconsistent. Atypical antipsychotics showed some benefit but also had more side effects. Other strategies, like using buspirone, testosterone, or stimulants, did not show effectiveness. Further research is needed to determine the best long-term treatment approaches for people with depression who don't respond to initial treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

35.

[Milnacipran and venlafaxine at flexible doses (up to 200 mg/d) in the outpatient treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: a 24-week randomised, double blind exploratory study].

Author: OliéJ-P, GourionD, MontagneA, RostinM, PoirierM-F

MDD treatment

This study compares two types of antidepressants (SNRIs) that work on both serotonin and norepinephrine: milnacipran (Ixel) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications differ in how much they affect each neurotransmitter, with milnacipran having a 1:1 ratio of serotonin to norepinephrine effects and venlafaxine having a 1:30 ratio. While both SNRIs are commonly used as first-line treatments for depression, the study aims to further understand their specific effects and how they compare to older antidepressants.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

36.

Rationale and design of the randomised clinical trial comparing early medication change (EMC) strategy with treatment as usual (TAU) in patients with major depressive disorder--the EMC trial.

Author: TadićAndré, GorbulevStanislav, DahmenNorbert, HiemkeChristoph, BrausDieter F, RöschkeJoachim, van CalkerDietrich, WachtlinDaniel, KronfeldKai, GorbauchThorsten, Seibert-GrafeMonika, LiebKlaus,

Improved MDD

Current guidelines for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) suggest waiting 3-8 weeks before switching medications if there is no improvement. However, research shows that improvement typically occurs within the first 10-14 days of treatment. Early improvement is a good predictor of overall treatment success. Lack of improvement after 14 days is a strong indicator of poor treatment outcome.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

37.

Lithium's emerging role in the treatment of refractory major depressive episodes: augmentation of antidepressants.

Author: BauerMichael, AdliMazda, BschorTom, PilhatschMaximilian, PfennigAndrea, SasseJohanna, SchmidRita, LewitzkaUte

Increased response rate

Lithium augmentation is an effective treatment for depressive episodes in patients who do not respond to antidepressants, with a response rate of 41.2% compared to 14.4% in the placebo group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

38.

The noradrenergic action in antidepressant treatments: pharmacological and clinical aspects.

Author: Dell'OssoBernardo, PalazzoM Carlotta, OldaniLucio, AltamuraA Carlo

MD treatment

While norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is known to play a role in depression, medications that primarily target this neurotransmitter haven't been widely used compared to those that target serotonin (SSRIs). This study reviews research on antidepressants that affect norepinephrine, finding that while a purely norepinephrine-focused approach may not be enough, boosting norepinephrine levels can contribute to the effectiveness of various antidepressant medications, particularly those that also affect serotonin and dopamine. The study highlights the potential of norepinephrine-boosting medications for improving energy, attention, and motivation in individuals with depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

39.

Disrupting the rhythm of depression: design and protocol of a randomized controlled trial on preventing relapse using brief cognitive therapy with or without antidepressants.

Author: BocktingClaudi L H, ElgersmaHermien J, van RijsbergenGerard D, de JongePeter, OrmelJohan, BuskensErik, StantA Dennis, de JongPeter J, PeetersFrenk P M L, HuibersMarcus J H, ArntzArnoud, MurisPeter, NolenWillem A, ScheneAart H, HollonSteven D

Recurrent MDD treatment

While antidepressants are the main way to prevent depression relapses, many people don't stick with them or take the right dose. This study examines whether a combination of brief cognitive therapy and gradually reducing antidepressant use is an effective alternative to long-term antidepressant treatment for recurrent depression. The study will also investigate whether combining both approaches is beneficial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

40.

Topiramate augmentation in patients with resistant major depressive disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Author: MowlaArash, KardehEhsan

MDD treatment

While new antidepressant treatments exist, many patients still struggle with depression. This study investigates the potential benefit of adding topiramate to current antidepressant treatment for people with major depressive disorder (MDD) who haven't responded to standard treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

41.

Continuing treatment of depression in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials with antidepressants.

Author: KokRob M, HeerenThea J, NolenWillem A

Prevents recurrences
Prevents relapses
Side effects

Continuing treatment with antidepressants in elderly patients is efficacious compared with placebo in preventing relapses and recurrences. Efficacy and tolerability during long-term treatment does not differ between TCAs and SSRIs. The number of patients needed to treat (NNT) for antidepressants to prevent one additional relapse or recurrence was 3 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8-4.8).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

42.

The effect of adding psychodynamic therapy to antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses.

Author: JakobsenJanus Christian, HansenJane Lindschou, SimonsenErik, GluudChristian

Depressive symptom reduction
High risk of bias
Limited evidence

Adding psychodynamic therapy to antidepressants might benefit depressed patients, but the possible treatment effect measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is small. Psychodynamic therapy significantly reduced depressive symptoms on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (mean difference -3.01 (95% confidence interval -3.98 to -2.03; P<0.00001), no significant heterogeneity between trials) compared with 'no intervention'.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

43.

Strategic use of new generation antidepressants for depression: SUN(^_^)D study protocol.

Author: FurukawaToshi A, AkechiTatsuo, ShimoderaShinji, YamadaMitsuhiko, MikiKazuhira, WatanabeNorio, InagakiMasatoshi, YonemotoNaohiro

Improved depression treatment

Despite decades of research and billions spent on antidepressants, there is still no clear consensus on the best treatment for depression. We lack knowledge on which medication is best to start with, the optimal dosage, and when to move to a second-line treatment when the first doesn't work. This study aims to determine the best strategies for first-line and second-line treatments for depression, using a variety of antidepressants and treatment approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

44.

Depression in adults: drug and physical treatments.

Author: CiprianiAndrea, BarbuiCorrado, ButlerRob, HatcherSimon, GeddesJohn

Depression treatment

Depression affects up to 10% of people, and half of those affected experience recurring symptoms. For mild to moderate depression, there is no single treatment proven to be the most effective, but the level of evidence supporting different treatments varies. For severe depression, only prescription antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy are known to improve symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

45.

Differences in depressed oncologic patients' narratives after receiving two different therapeutic interventions for depression: a qualitative study.

Author: Rodríguez VegaBeatriz, Orgaz BarnierPablo, BayónCarmen, PalaoAngela, TorresGuadalupe, HospitalAna, BenitoGuillermo, DieguezMaria, Fernández LiriaAlberto

Psychotherapy cancer

Patients receiving combined treatment for depression (psychotherapy plus antidepressants) in addition to standard cancer treatment reported a more transformative experience of illness and a greater sense of personal growth compared to patients receiving antidepressants alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

46.

Is switching antidepressants following early nonresponse more beneficial in acute-phase treatment of depression?: a randomized open-label trial.

Author: NakajimaShinichiro, UchidaHiroyuki, SuzukiTakefumi, WatanabeKoichiro, HiranoJinichi, YagihashiTatsuhiko, TakeuchiHiroyoshi, AbeTakayuki, KashimaHaruo, MimuraMasaru

Early antidepressant switch

In a study of 41 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who failed to respond to sertraline in the first 2 weeks of treatment, those who switched to paroxetine had a higher response rate (75%) than those who continued sertraline (19%). This suggests that early switching of antidepressants may be a beneficial strategy for patients with MDD who do not respond quickly to initial treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

47.

Severity of depression and response to antidepressants: GENPOD randomised controlled trial.

Author: WilesNicola J, MulliganJean, PetersTim J, CowenPhilip J, MasonVictoria, NuttDavid, SharpDeborah, TallonDebbie, ThomasLaura, O'DonovanMichael C, LewisGlyn

No advantage over SSRI for severe depression

This study found no evidence that noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NARIs) were more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in people with more severe depression. Both groups showed similar improvement in depressive symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

48.

[Clinical efficacy and achievement of a complete remission in depression: increasing interest in treatment with escitalopram].

Author: FavréP

Improved MDD treatment

This study reviews the literature on escitalopram's effectiveness in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), highlighting its superior efficacy and tolerability compared to other antidepressants.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

49.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants in the acute treatment of chronic depression and dysthymia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: von WolffA, HölzelL P, WestphalA, HärterM, KristonL

Treatment of chronic depression

This review examines the effectiveness and acceptability of two types of antidepressants, SSRIs and TCAs, in treating chronic depression. It also compares the effectiveness of these two types of antidepressants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

50.

Duloxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression.

Author: CiprianiAndrea, KoestersMarkus, FurukawaToshi A, NosèMichela, PurgatoMarianna, OmoriIchiro M, TrespidiCarlotta, BarbuiCorrado

Effective for depression

While both medication and therapy are effective for major depression, antidepressants remain the primary treatment in most healthcare settings. Duloxetine hydrochloride, a medication that affects serotonin and norepinephrine levels, has been approved to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic nerve pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic muscle pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

51.

Difference in remission in a Chinese population with anxious versus nonanxious treatment-resistant depression: a report of OPERATION study.

Author: WuZhiguo, ChenJun, YuanChengmei, HongWu, PengDaihui, ZhangChen, CaoLan, FangYiru

None
Anxious depression predicts worse outcomes
Non-randomized allocation

Anxious depression is associated with poorer treatment outcomes in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Remission rates were significantly lower and adverse event frequency was significantly greater in patients with anxious depression compared to those with non-anxious depression.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

52.

Study protocol for the randomised controlled trial: antiglucocorticoid augmentation of anti-Depressants in Depression (The ADD Study).

Author: McAllister-WilliamsR Hamish, SmithEleanor, AndersonIan M, BarnesJane, GallagherPeter, GrunzeHeinz C R, HaddadPeter M, HouseAllan O, HughesTom, LloydAdrian J, McCollElaine M M, PearceSimon H S, SiddiqiNajma, SinhaBaxi, SpeedChris, SteenI Nick, WainrightJune, WatsonStuart, WinterFiona H, FerrierI Nicol

Antiglucocorticoid augmentation
Treatment refractory depression

This study explores the use of antiglucocorticoid augmentation of antidepressants for treatment-refractory depression (TRD). The Antiglucocorticoid augmentation of anti-Depressants in Depression (The ADD Study) is a multicenter randomized controlled trial examining the effects of metyrapone augmentation of serotonergic antidepressants in patients with TRD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

53.

Effect of cognitive therapy with antidepressant medications vs antidepressants alone on the rate of recovery in major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

Author: HollonSteven D, DeRubeisRobert J, FawcettJan, AmsterdamJay D, SheltonRichard C, ZajeckaJohn, YoungPaula R, GallopRobert

Recovery from MDD
Reduced adverse events

Cognitive therapy combined with antidepressant medication treatment enhances the rates of recovery from major depressive disorder (MDD), with the effect limited to patients with severe, nonchronic depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Retracted PublicationCases where a publication has been formally withdrawn due to the discovery of serious errors or misconduct.

Language : English

54.

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression.

Author: MolyneauxEmma, HowardLouise M, McGeownHelen R, KariaAmar M, TrevillionKylee

Antidepressants
Postnatal depression

This review examines the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants for treating postnatal depression. While social support and psychological interventions are common, the study explores if antidepressants offer a beneficial alternative. The review updates previous research on this topic.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

55.

Early improvement as a predictor of eventual antidepressant treatment response in severely depressed inpatients.

Author: VermeidenMarlijn, KampermanAstrid M, VulinkMonique E, van den BroekWalter W, BirkenhägerTom K

Early improvement
Modest sensitivity

This post hoc analysis of 149 patients with severe major depression found that early improvement (≥25% reduction on HAM-D score) after 2 weeks of treatment with imipramine or venlafaxine was a modest sensitive predictor for eventual response.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

56.

Efficacy, quality of life, and acceptability outcomes of atypical antipsychotic augmentation treatment for treatment-resistant depression: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: LiuYiyun, ZhouXinyu, QinBin, Del GiovaneCinzia, ZhangYuqing, XiePeng

TRD treatment

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and costly mental health condition. While many antidepressants are available, a significant number of people don't respond well or can't tolerate side effects. Adding another type of medication, like an atypical antipsychotic, is sometimes used to help, but the best choice of antipsychotic for this purpose is debated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

57.

Are antidepressants equally effective in the long-term treatment of major depressive disorder?

Author: BuoliMassimiliano, Cumerlato MelterClaudia, CaldiroliAlice, AltamuraA Carlo

Major depressive disorder

This study compares different classes of antidepressants for long-term treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The study focuses on preventing recurrences and maintaining treatment adherence over time, aiming to identify the most effective and tolerable long-term treatment options for MDD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

58.

Efficacy of off-label augmentation in unipolar depression: A systematic review of the evidence.

Author: KleeblattJulia, BetzlerFelix, KilarskiLaura L, BschorTom, KöhlerStephan

Improved clinical response

This review examined the efficacy of off-label augmentation agents for unipolar depression, identifying five substances (modafinil, ketamine, pindolol, testosterone, and estrogen) with potential for improving treatment response. However, further high-quality studies are needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

59.

Study protocol for a randomised pragmatic trial comparing the clinical and cost effectiveness of lithium and quetiapine augmentation in treatment resistant depression (the LQD study).

Author: MarwoodL, TaylorR, GoldsmithK, RomeoR, HollandR, PicklesA, HutchinsonJ, DietchD, CiprianiA, NairR, AttenburrowM-J, YoungA H, GeddesJ, McAllister-WilliamsR H, CleareA J

Treatment-resistant depression

About 30-50% of people with depression don't respond to standard treatments, and this is associated with a worse outlook. Lithium and quetiapine are two medications that are sometimes added to existing antidepressants for treatment-resistant depression, but it is unclear which is better. This study aims to compare the long-term effectiveness of these two treatments in a head-to-head trial.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

60.

[Minimally invasive brain stimulation for unipolar depression].

Author: van EijndhovenP, TendolkarI, SchutterD J L G

Depression treatment
None mentioned

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for unipolar depression and is comparable to existing forms of medication and behavioural therapy. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising, but more research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : Dutch

61.

Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy for Refractory Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: MantaniAkio, KatoTadashi, FurukawaToshi A, HorikoshiMasaru, ImaiHissei, HiroeTakahiro, ChinoBun, FunayamaTadashi, YonemotoNaohiro, ZhouQi, KawanishiNao

Accessibility
Improved depression
Limited context

A smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) app was more effective than medication switch alone in reducing depression severity and improving other symptoms in patients with antidepressant-resistant major depression. The patients allocated to the CBT app scored 2.48 points lower on the PHQ-9 than the control group at week 9. The treatment benefits were maintained up to week 17.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

62.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: CiprianiAndrea, FurukawaToshi A, SalantiGeorgia, ChaimaniAnna, AtkinsonLauren Z, OgawaYusuke, LeuchtStefan, RuheHenricus G, TurnerErick H, HigginsJulian P T, EggerMatthias, TakeshimaNozomi, HayasakaYu, ImaiHissei, ShinoharaKiyomi, TajikaAran, IoannidisJohn P A, GeddesJohn R

Improved depression treatment

This study updated a previous review comparing and ranking antidepressants for the acute treatment of adults with unipolar major depressive disorder, considering the need for evidence-informed prescribing.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

63.

The comparative evidence basis for the efficacy of second-generation antidepressants in the treatment of depression in the US: A Bayesian meta-analysis of Food and Drug Administration reviews.

Author: MondenRei, RoestAnnelieke M, van RavenzwaaijDon, WagenmakersEric-Jan, MoreyRichard, WardenaarKlaas J, de JongePeter

Antidepressant efficacy

All tested antidepressants, except for bupropion and vilazodone, showed strong evidence for their efficacy in treating depression. Venlafaxine had the highest pooled estimated effect size followed by paroxetine, and bupropion and vilazodone had the lowest.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

64.

Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: VellekkattF, MenonV

Depression treatment

Vitamin D supplementation was found to have a moderate effect on reducing depression symptom scores in individuals with major depression. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

65.

Association of Testosterone Treatment With Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: WaltherAndreas, BreidensteinJonas, MillerRobert

Effective for depressive symptoms
Efficacious
Heterogeneity of studies
Need for more research

This meta-analysis examined the association of testosterone treatment with alleviation of depressive symptoms in men. Testosterone treatment is associated with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with placebo, particularly when higher-dosage regimens were applied in carefully selected samples.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

66.

Combining mirtazapine with SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment-resistant depression: the MIR RCT.

Author: KesslerDavid, BurnsAlison, TallonDebbie, LewisGlyn, MacNeillStephanie, RoundJeff, HollingworthWilliam, Chew-GrahamCarolyn, AndersonIan, CampbellJohn, DickensChris, MacleodUna, GilbodySimon, DaviesSimon, PetersTim J, WilesNicola

TRD treatment

Mirtazapine, in addition to a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, did not provide a clinically important benefit over placebo in primary care patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There was no evidence that the addition of mirtazapine was cost-effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

67.

Subchronic treatment with St John's wort produces a positive shift in emotional processing in healthy volunteers.

Author: WarrenMatthew B, CowenPhilip J, HarmerCatherine J

Improved depression treatment

St John's Wort, a herbal remedy with antidepressant potential, is investigated to determine whether it produces changes in emotional processing, as suggested by the neurocognitive model of antidepressant treatment in depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

68.

Switching to Imipramine Versus Add-on Mirtazapine in Venlafaxine-Resistant Major Depression: A 10-Week Randomized Open Study.

Author: NavarroVíctor, BoulahfaIlham, ObachAmadeu, JerezDídac, Diaz-RicartMaribel, GastóCristóbal, GuarchJoana

Resistant depression treatment
Tricyclic antidepressants

Newer antidepressants are often the first choice for treating depression that hasn't responded to other treatments. However, the authors of this study still prefer to use older antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants as a first-line option for moderate to severe depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

69.

The value of an embedded qualitative study in a trial of a second antidepressant for people who had not responded to one antidepressant: understanding the perspectives of patients and general practitioners.

Author: Chew-GrahamCarolyn A, ShepherdThomas, BurroughsHeather, DixonKatie, KesslerDavid

Improved depression treatment

This qualitative study examined the acceptability of a combination of antidepressants for patients who did not respond to one antidepressant, considering the increasing use of antidepressants and the prevalence of non-response to treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

70.

Lithium Augmentation Versus Citalopram Combination in Imipramine-Resistant Major Depression: A 10-Week Randomized Open-Label Study.

Author: NavarroVíctor, BoulahfaIlham, ObachAmadeu, JerezDídac, Diaz-RicartMaribel, GastóCristóbal, GuarchJoana

Tricyclic antidepressants
Unipolar major depression treatment

Tricyclic antidepressants are typically recommended for severe depression, but what to do when they don't work is unclear. This study aims to find a solution for people with major depression who don't respond to tricyclic antidepressants.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

71.

Updates on Preclinical and Translational Neuroscience of Mood Disorders: A Brief Historical Focus on Ketamine for the Clinician.

Author: MischelNicholas A, KritzerMichael D, PatkarAshwin A, MasandPrakash S, SzaboSteven T

Improved depression treatment

Depression is a major health issue worldwide, and existing treatments are limited by their slow onset of action and the fact that they don't work for everyone. Recent research has shown that ketamine, typically used for anesthesia, can effectively treat depression at low doses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

72.

Pharmacological interventions for treatment-resistant depression in adults.

Author: DaviesPhilippa, IjazSharea, WilliamsCatherine J, KesslerDavid, LewisGlyn, WilesNicola

Improved TRD treatment

Antidepressants are commonly used to treat moderate to severe depression, but many people don't see enough improvement. When this happens, it's called treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Unfortunately, there's limited research to guide doctors on the best next steps for treating these individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

73.

A systematic review on the genotoxic effect of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) antidepressants.

Author: AhmadimaneshMahnaz, BalarastaghiSoudabeh, RashediniaMarzieh, Yazdian-RobatiRezvan

DNA damage

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are antidepressants that may have genotoxic effects, meaning they can damage DNA. This conclusion was based on a systematic review of 9 studies, with 78% of the studies reporting positive results for the genotoxicity of SNRIs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

74.

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression.

Author: BrownJennifer Valeska Elli, WilsonClaire A, AyreKaryn, RobertsonLindsay, SouthEmily, MolyneauxEmma, TrevillionKylee, HowardLouise M, KhalifehHind

Postnatal depression treatment

Postpartum depression, a common condition after childbirth, can negatively impact mothers, children, and families. This updated review examines the effectiveness of different antidepressant medications compared to placebos, standard care, or other treatments for postpartum depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

75.

Acceptability of escitalopram versus duloxetine in outpatients with depression who did not respond to initial second-generation antidepressants: A randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial.

Author: NakagomeKazuyuki, YokoiYuma, NakagawaAtsuo, TaniMasayuki, NishiokaGentaro, YoshimuraNaoki, FurukawaToshiaki A, WatanabeKoichiro, MimuraMasaru, IwanamiAkira, AbeTakayuki

Major depressive disorder treatment

Antidepressants are common for treating major depressive disorder, but only about one-third of people respond well to the first medication they try. There isn't much research on what to do next when the first treatment doesn't work. Additionally, research suggests that how well people feel about their treatment (acceptability) is a good predictor of success.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

76.

Revisiting monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of depressive disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: SuchtingRobert, TirumalajaruVaishali, GareebRida, BockmannTaya, de DiosConstanza, AickarethJacob, PinjariOmar, SoaresJair C, CowenPhil J, SelvarajSudhakar

Depression treatment

This systematic review found that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), an older class of antidepressants, were more effective than placebo in treating depressive disorders. Phenelzine was found to be the most effective treatment, while clomipramine was found to be the most acceptable treatment. However, there were limited studies for some treatment conditions and further evidence is needed to compare MAOIs to newer antidepressants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

77.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination Treatments for Major Depression: Antidepressants plus Second-Generation Antipsychotics vs. Esketamine vs. Lithium.

Author: VázquezGustavo H, BahjiAnees, UndurragaJuan, TondoLeonardo, BaldessariniRoss J

TRD treatment

Treating major depressive disorder (MDD) can be difficult, and many people don't respond well to treatment. When this happens, options include increasing the dose of antidepressants, combining medications, adding other drugs, or using non-medication therapies. However, we need more research to compare how well these different approaches work and how safe they are, especially for newer medications like second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and esketamine compared to lithium.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

78.

Combining Antidepressants vs Antidepressant Monotherapy for Treatment of Patients With Acute Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: HensslerJonathan, AlexanderDavid, SchwarzerGuido, BschorTom, BaethgeChristopher

Improved depression outcomes

Combining antidepressants was associated with superior treatment outcomes for acute depression compared to monotherapy. Combinations using presynaptic α2-autoreceptor antagonists were particularly effective and may be considered as a first-line treatment in severe cases or for patients considered nonresponders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

80.

Effect of Pharmacogenomic Testing for Drug-Gene Interactions on Medication Selection and Remission of Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder: The PRIME Care Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: OslinDavid W, LynchKevin G, ShihMei-Chiung, IngramErin P, WrayLaura O, ChapmanSara R, KranzlerHenry R, GelernterJoel, PyneJeffrey M, StoneAnnjanette, DuVallScott L, LehmannLisa Soleymani, ThaseMichael E, , AslamMuhammad, BatkiSteven L, BjorkJames M, BlowFrederic C, BrennerLisa A, ChenPeijun, DesaiShivan, DieperinkEric W, FearsScott C, FullerMatthew A, GoodmanCourtney S, GrahamDavid P, HaasGretchen L, HamnerMark B, HelstromAmy W, HurleyRobin A, IcardiMichael S, JurjusGeorge J, KilbourneAmy M, KreyenbuhlJulie, LacheDaniel J, LieskeSteven P, LynchJulie A, MeyerLaurence J, MontalvoCristina, MuralidharSumitra, OstacherMichael J, PaschallGayla Y, PfeifferPaul N, PrietoSusana, PrzygodzkiRonald M, RanganathanMohini, Rodriguez-SuarezMercedes M, RoggenkampHannah, SchichmanSteven A, SchneeweisJohn S, SimonettiJoseph A, SteinhauerStuart R, SuppesTrisha, UmbertMaria A, VassyJason L, VooraDeepak, WiechersIlse R, WoodAmanda E

Reduced drug interactions

Pharmacogenomic testing reduced the prescription of medications with predicted drug-gene interactions for patients with MDD. The test results had small nonpersistent effects on symptom remission.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Pragmatic Clinical TrialA trial conducted in a real-world clinical setting. It evaluates the effectiveness of interventions in everyday healthcare environments.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

82.

Emulating a Target Trial of Dynamic Treatment Strategies for Major Depressive Disorder Using Data From the STAR∗D Randomized Trial.

Author: SzmulewiczAlejandro G, WanisKerollos N, PerlisRoy H, Hernández-DíazSonia, ÖngürDost, HernánMiguel A

Depression treatment

This study compared guidelines-based strategies for the management of unresponsive depression, considering the use of a second drug or switching antidepressants.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

83.

Esketamine vs Midazolam in Boosting the Efficacy of Oral Antidepressants for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: XiaoChunfeng, ZhouJia, LiAnning, ZhangLing, ZhuXuequan, ZhouJingjing, HuYongdong, ZhengYunying, LiuJing, DengQiying, WangHaibo, WangGang

Improved depression
Manic symptoms
Psychotogenic effects

A single subanesthetic dose of esketamine effectively boosted the efficacy of oral antidepressants in treating fluctuating antidepressant response in MDD. The treatment was safe and well tolerated.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

84.

Dextromethorphan-Bupropion for the Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials.

Author: AkbarDania, RheeTaeho Greg, CebanFelicia, HoRoger, TeopizKayla M, CaoBing, SubramaniapillaiMehala, KwanAngela T H, RosenblatJoshua D, McIntyreRoger S

Depression treatment

The combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion (AXS-05) is a well-tolerated, rapid-acting treatment option for adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). This combination significantly reduced depression severity and improved clinical remission and response rates.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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