Effects of auranofin: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Auranofin is an oral gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 6 The drug has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, but its effectiveness relative to other gold-containing drugs is not clear. 5 Auranofin has been shown to affect polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes, which are types of white blood cells, at lower concentrations than other gold-containing drugs. 5 Auranofin has also been shown to inhibit the formation of leukotrienes, which are substances involved in inflammatory reactions, by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 7 Auranofin may also have anticancer effects and has been studied in clinical trials. 8 Auranofin has also been shown to inhibit the growth of yeast, which is an organism that can cause infections. 1

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Auranofin has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. It also has been shown to be safe for oral administration to healthy dogs. 12 Auranofin also shows promising effects as an anti-cancer drug and as a treatment for other inflammatory diseases. 8 , 9 It may also have potential as an anti-malaria drug. 11

Risks Summary

Auranofin can cause side effects, such as diarrhea and loose stools. 6 , 15 It can also affect the liver and kidneys. 2 Auranofin can suppress the immune system, which increases the risk of infections. 3

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

The studies show that auranofin is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, and that it is generally safe for oral administration. 6 , 15 , 5 , 12 The studies also show that auranofin can have various effects on the immune system, which could contribute to its therapeutic properties. 3 , 5 , 10 , 13

Differences between Studies

While the studies generally agree that auranofin is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, there are some differences in the reported side effects and the exact mechanism of action. 6 , 15 , 5 Some studies show auranofin's effectiveness at certain concentrations and against specific targets, such as the inhibition of specific leukotrienes. 7 Further research is needed to better understand the specific effects of auranofin, and how these effects differ in various organisms and tissues. 2 Auranofin's effects on the liver and kidneys require further research to understand its effects on these organs. 2

Consistency and Contradictions in the Results

The research on auranofin generally shows that it is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. However, there is some variation in the reported side effects and mechanisms of action. This variation may be due to differences in the study design, the patient populations, or the doses of auranofin used in the studies. More research is needed to better understand the effects and side effects of auranofin, as well as its specific effects on different organisms and tissues. 1

Cautions for Real-World Application

Auranofin is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, but it can cause side effects. It is important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits of taking auranofin before starting treatment. Your doctor will help you determine if auranofin is right for you and will monitor your health during treatment. 6 , 15 , 5

Limitations of Current Research

The current research on auranofin is limited in scope, and further research is needed to better understand its effects and side effects. Some studies have only been conducted in animals, and further research is needed in humans. 1

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on better understanding the long-term effects and safety of auranofin. Researchers also need to investigate the specific effects of auranofin on different organisms and tissues, including the liver, kidneys, and immune system. 2 , 3 Additional clinical trials with larger patient populations are also needed to better understand the effects of auranofin in humans. 1

Conclusion

Auranofin is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, but it can cause side effects. It is important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits of taking auranofin before starting treatment. The potential of auranofin as a treatment for other inflammatory conditions and for cancer is still being explored. More research is needed to better understand the long-term effects and safety of auranofin, as well as its specific effects on different organisms and tissues. 1

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
2
0
0
1
15
1.

Evidence that the antiproliferative effects of auranofin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae arise from inhibition of mitochondrial respiration.

Author: GamberiTania, FiaschiTania, ModestiAlessandra, MassaiLara, MessoriLuigi, BalziManuela, MagheriniFrancesca

Cancer treatment

Auranofin, a gold-based drug, showed remarkable yeast growth inhibition by directly impairing mitochondrial function, specifically targeting the mitochondrial NADH kinase Pos5.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Effects of the chrysotherapeutic agents auranofin and gold sodium thiomalate on hepatic and renal drug metabolism and heme metabolism.

Author: LeonardT B, GraichenM E, DahmL J, DentJ G

Auranofin and GST administration, at doses twenty times the human dose, produced reversible decreases in hepatic and renal P-450, which may be the result of altered heme metabolism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

The effects of drug therapy on radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a 36-week randomized trial comparing methotrexate and auranofin.

Author: WeinblattM E, PolissonR, BlotnerS D, SosmanJ L, AliabadiP, BakerN, WeissmanB N

Rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Methotrexate treatment resulted in a lower rate of radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to auranofin, as measured by erosion score and joint space narrowing score.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Mechanism of action, pharmacology, clinical efficacy and side effects of auranofin. An orally administered organic gold compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Author: FurstD E

Favorable therapeutic index
Rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Side effects

Auranofin, an oral gold compound, is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. It is generally less toxic than intramuscular gold compounds.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Differential inhibitory effects of auranofin on leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 formation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Author: HondaZ, IizasaT, MoritaY, MatsutaK, NishidaY, MiyamotoT

Inhibits LT formation
May be effective for asthma

Auranofin (AF) is an oral gold compound that inhibits leukotriene (LT) formation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). AF inhibited LTC4 formation more effectively than LTB4 formation, and this differential inhibitory effect may play a role in the efficacy of this drug.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Two clinical drugs deubiquitinase inhibitor auranofin and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram trigger synergistic anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo.

Author: HuangHongbiao, LiaoYuning, LiuNingning, HuaXianliang, CaiJianyu, YangChangshan, LongHuidan, ZhaoChong, ChenXin, LanXiaoying, ZangDan, WuJinjie, LiXiaofen, ShiXianping, WangXuejun, LiuJinbao

Synergistic cytotoxicity

Combining auranofin (Aur), a proteasome-associated DUB inhibitor, and disulfiram (DSF), an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, synergistically induced apoptosis in hepatoma cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment induced caspase activation, ER stress, and ROS production. This finding suggests a potential novel anticancer strategy for clinical use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

New uses for old drugs. Auranofin, a clinically established antiarthritic metallodrug, exhibits potent antimalarial effects in vitro: Mechanistic and pharmacological implications.

Author: SannellaAnna Rosa, CasiniAngela, GabbianiChiara, MessoriLuigi, BiliaAnna Rita, VincieriFrancesco Franco, MajoriGiancarlo, SeveriniCarlo

Antimalarial

Auranofin, a gold-based drug used to treat arthritis, may be effective in treating malaria. Auranofin was found to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria, in laboratory studies. Auranofin's effectiveness may be due to its ability to inhibit an important enzyme in the parasite, thioredoxin reductase.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Effects of auranofin on leukotriene production and leukotriene stimulated neutrophil function.

Author: HafströmI, RingertzB, PalmbladJ, MalmstenC

Anti-inflammatory effect

Auranofin did not inhibit leukotriene production but modulated neutrophil aggregation, enzyme release, and chemotaxis induced by leukotrienes. This suggests that auranofin might exert some of its antirheumatic effects through leukotriene modulation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The moderate intestinal side effects of auranofin do not require prophylactic therapy with a bulkforming agent. Dutch Ridaura Study Group.

Author: van BeusekomH J, van de LaarM A, FranssenM J, van ValburgJ A, GijzelW P, CouvéeJ E

Auranofin treatment
Diarrhea
Loose stools

Auranofin, a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, can cause diarrhea and loose stools in up to 50% of patients. This study investigated whether a bulk-forming agent could reduce these side effects. While a slight improvement in stool consistency was observed in the bulk-forming group, the overall incidence of diarrhea remained similar to the placebo group. The results suggest that a bulk-forming agent is not beneficial in reducing auranofin-induced diarrhea, and that increasing the auranofin dosage might be a better option to enhance its efficacy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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