Side Effects of azithromycin: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Azithromycin is a common antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Several studies have shown that azithromycin can be effective in treating various infections, including Mycobacteroides abscessus, Legionnaires' disease, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. 16 , 6 , 2 . However, research also highlights potential side effects associated with its use. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 5 , 19 , 12 , 1 , 3 , 9 , 23 , 17 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Azithromycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. This action can also affect human cells, leading to potential side effects. 9 , 3 .

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Azithromycin can cause gastrointestinal side effects, the most common being abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 15 , 11 , 1 , 12 .

Skin

Skin reactions are another common side effect of azithromycin. These can range from mild rashes to more severe reactions like fixed-drug eruption (FDE). 14 , 6 .

Liver

Liver problems, including liver injury, have been reported with azithromycin use. 6 , 12 . It's important to monitor liver function during azithromycin treatment, especially in patients with pre-existing liver conditions.

Heart

Azithromycin can affect the heart, potentially causing QT prolongation, a condition that can lead to irregular heartbeats. 11 .

Hearing

Some studies suggest that azithromycin may cause hearing loss or damage to hair cells in the inner ear, particularly in combination with other medications like ivermectin. 21 .

Other

Other side effects associated with azithromycin include: , 2 , 3 , 9 , 1 , 23 .

Side Effect Countermeasures

Gastrointestinal

To reduce gastrointestinal side effects, taking azithromycin with food is recommended. 15 .

Skin

If you experience skin side effects, stop taking azithromycin and consult your doctor. 14 .

Liver

If you experience liver side effects, stop taking azithromycin and consult your doctor. 6 .

Heart

If you experience heart side effects, stop taking azithromycin and consult your doctor. 11 .

Hearing

If you experience hearing changes or loss, stop taking azithromycin and consult your doctor immediately. 21 .

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points

Many studies indicate that azithromycin can cause various side effects, including gastrointestinal, skin, liver, heart, and hearing problems. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , 21 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Differences

The specific types of side effects and their frequency can vary across different studies. This may be influenced by factors like study design, participant characteristics, dosage, and duration of treatment. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

Azithromycin is a valuable antibiotic for treating bacterial infections. However, being aware of its potential side effects is crucial. It's important to discuss your medical history and any concerns with your doctor before starting azithromycin treatment. They can help determine if it's the right choice for you and advise on appropriate dosage and precautions. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of azithromycin is ongoing, and there's still a need for more comprehensive studies. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on gaining a deeper understanding of the side effects of azithromycin. This includes investigating long-term impacts, potential interactions with other medications, and the incidence of side effects in different populations. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Conclusion

Azithromycin is a commonly used antibiotic for treating bacterial infections, but it can also cause side effects. It's crucial to consult your doctor before taking azithromycin to ensure it's the right treatment for your condition. They can discuss potential risks and benefits, as well as any necessary precautions. 14 , 6 , 15 , 11 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 1 , 23 , 17 .

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
7
Article Type
1
1
2
5
21
1.

Causality and avoidability of adverse drug reactions of antibiotics in hospitalized children: a cohort study.

Author: RamosSheila Feitosa, Araújo-NetoFernando de Castro, Aires-MorenoGiulyane Targino, de AraújoDyego Carlos Souza Anacleto, LimaElisângela da Costa, de LyraDivaldo Pereira

Adverse drug reactions
Inadequate monitoring

Antibiotic-associated adverse drug reactions are common in hospitalized pediatric patients, with most being moderate in severity and likely unavoidable.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Clinical efficacy enhancement of a Chinese herbal injection in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children: A protocol of randomized controlled trial.

Author: WangMian, LiHongying, YangJialing, WangMeng, LiuJie

Mycoplasma pneumonia treatment

This study will look at the effectiveness and safety of a combination of a Chinese herbal medicine, Tanreqing injection, and azithromycin, an antibiotic, to treat mycoplasma pneumonia in children.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

A Review of Systemic Minocycline Side Effects and Topical Minocycline as a Safer Alternative for Treating Acne and Rosacea.

Author: MartinsAna M, MartoJoana M, JohnsonJodi L, GraberEmmy M

Anti-inflammatory properties
Topical treatment option
Drug-induced lupus
Hypersensitivity syndrome

This review discusses the increasing resistance of Cutibacterium acnes to topical antibiotics used for treating acne. The review highlights the potential of topical minocycline formulations as a treatment option, offering fewer adverse effects and less drug interaction compared to oral minocycline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Candidate antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and their environmental implications: a comprehensive analysis.

Author: BiswasPartha, HasanMohammad Mehedi, DeyDipta, Dos Santos CostaAna Carla, PolashShakil Ahmed, BibiShabana, FerdousNadim, KaiumMd Abu, RahmanM D Hasanur, JeetFardin Kamal, PapadakosStavros, IslamKhairul, UddinMd Sahab

COVID-19 treatment
Side effects

This review summarizes the current pharmaceutical perspective on COVID-19 treatment, emphasizing the efficiency of known agents and their side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Azithromycin-Induced Liver Injury in Legionnaires' Disease.

Author: WongKrista M, HosseinnejadKeivan, PalapartyPoornanand, RavakhahKeyvan

Azithromycin side effects
Hepatocellular liver injury

Azithromycin is a commonly used antibiotic that can cause rare but serious liver damage. This case report describes a 66-year-old man with no prior liver disease who developed a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury after taking azithromycin. The report emphasizes the importance of recognizing this rare side effect and promptly discontinuing the medication to facilitate recovery.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

8.

A Revisit to the Research Updates of Drugs, Vaccines, and Bioinformatics Approaches in Combating COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author: SumonTofael Ahmed, HussainMd Ashraf, HasanMd Tawheed, HasanMahmudul, JangWon Je, BhuiyaEleus Hussain, ChowdhuryAbdullah Al Mamun, SharifuzzamanS M, BrownChristopher Lyon, KwonHyun-Ju, LeeEun-Woo

COVID-19 treatment
drug repurposing
COVID-19 pandemic
drug side effects

This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and potential treatments for COVID-19, including candidate drugs and vaccines currently in human clinical trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Effective drugs used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current status of vaccines.

Author: AwadasseidAnnoor, WuYanling, TanakaYoshimasa, ZhangWen

COVID-19 treatment
Drug side effects

This review summarizes the current drug and vaccine discovery status against SARS-CoV-2. Drug repurposing, using existing drugs for new indications, is a promising approach to combat the pandemic. Remdesivir and Favipiravir are promising antiviral drugs, although they are not yet officially approved for COVID-19 treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Author: LawMan Fai, HoRita, LawKimmy Wan Tung, CheungCarmen Ka Man

COVID-19 treatment
COVID-19 vaccine
GI symptoms
Liver dysfunction

This review examines various medications and vaccines being investigated for COVID-19 treatment and prevention. It discusses potential gastrointestinal and liver complications associated with the disease and treatment, as well as the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

The therapeutic effects of naringenin on bronchial pneumonia in children.

Author: YaoWenjing, ZhangXiaopeng, XuFeng, CaoChunxia, LiuTongtong, XueYuanyuan

Improved health conditions
Safe and effective treatment

Naringenin, a natural flavonoid, showed safety and therapeutic benefits in treating bronchial pneumonia in children. It inhibited inflammation, shortened the disappearance time of clinical symptoms, and reduced the incidences of complications and adverse reactions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Self-Reported Side Effects following Mass Administration of Azithromycin to Eliminate Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia: Results from a Region-Wide Population-Based Survey.

Author: AstaleTigist, SataEshetu, ZerihunMulat, NuteAndrew W, StewartAisha E P, ChanyalewMelsew, MelakBerhanu, AyeleZebene, GesseseDemelash, AyenewGedefaw, GashawBizuayehu, TadesseZerihun, CallahanElizabeth Kelly, NashScott D

Trachoma treatment
Side effects

This study investigated the prevalence of self-reported side effects after mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin for trachoma control in Ethiopia. The overall prevalence of side effects was 9.6%, with abdominal pain being the most common. The findings suggest that after years of annual MDA, side effects remain relatively low.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antipsychotics drugs: integrated evidence from 4 databases and a systematic review.

Author: Plasencia-GarcíaBeatriz Oda, Rodríguez-MenéndezGonzalo, Rico-RangelMaría Isabel, Rubio-GarcíaAna, Torelló-IserteJaime, Crespo-FacorroBenedicto

Agitation management
Anxiety management
Delirium management
Drug-drug interactions

This systematic review aims to identify potential drug-drug interactions between COVID-19 treatments and antipsychotics, considering the importance of managing anxiety, delirium, and agitation in patients with COVID-19.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

18.

Hydroxychloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a case-control study.

Author: KamalovA A, MareevV Yu, OrlovaYa A, PlisykA G, AkopyanZ A, MareevYu V, MershinaE A, BegrambekovaYu L, PakhomovP V

Delayed recovery

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) did not show any benefit in treating COVID-19 and may actually prolong hospitalization time and delay recovery. This study recommends against using HCQ for COVID-19 treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

19.

The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treatment of COVID19 -a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ChoudhuriAnirban Hom, DuggalSakshi, AhujaBhuvna, BiswasPartha Sarathi

COVID-19 treatment

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID-19, addressing the limitations of previous meta-analyses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

20.

<i>In-vitro</i> antibacterial activity of commercially available probiotics on food-borne pathogens along with their synergistic effects with synthetic drugs.

Author: AcharjeeMrityunjoy, HasanFhamida, IslamTamanna, NurIfra Tun, BegumNila, MazumderChayanika, LubnaMahabuba Akter, ZerinNagma, ShahriarAsif, MahmudMd Rayhan

Gut Microbiome Balance

The study investigated the effects of commercially available probiotics and antibiotics on bacteria isolated from food samples.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Optimisation of treatments for oral <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> infection: Pharmacokinetics Study (STI-PK project) - study protocol for non-randomised clinical trial.

Author: KongFabian Y S, UnemoMagnus, LimShueh H, LatchNgaire, WilliamsonDeborah A, RobertsJason A, WallisSteven C, ParkerSuzanne L, LandersdorferCornelia B, YapTami, FairleyChristopher K, ChowEric P F, LewisDavid A, HammoudMohamed A, HockingJane S

Gonococcal resistance

Oropharyngeal *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* infections are associated with greater treatment failure and drive transmission to other sites. Gonococcal resistance is increasing, highlighting the need for optimal treatments and accurate pharmacokinetic data from the oral cavity/oropharynx.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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