Side Effects of clorazepate: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Clorazepate has been shown to be an effective drug for the treatment of anxiety disorders and epilepsy in several studies. 26 , 20 Clorazepate has been reported to have fewer side effects and comparable efficacy compared to diazepam. 20 Clorazepate has also been shown to be an effective drug for the treatment of epilepsy in several studies. 5 Clorazepate, when combined with valproic acid, has been reported to significantly reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures. 5

Reasons for Side Effects

Clorazepate is a benzodiazepine drug. Benzodiazepines act on GABA receptors in the brain, which have the effect of reducing anxiety and tension. However, GABA receptors are also involved in sleep and muscle relaxation, so benzodiazepines can potentially inhibit these actions. 3 Clorazepate is metabolized in the liver and excreted from the body. Therefore, people with impaired liver function or who are taking other medications may be more susceptible to clorazepate side effects. 17

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Clorazepate can cause drowsiness. 26 , 13 , 27 When taking clorazepate, avoid activities that require attention, such as driving or operating machinery. 7

Dizziness

Clorazepate can cause dizziness or lightheadedness. 9 Be careful of falls when taking clorazepate.

Memory Impairment

Clorazepate can cause memory impairment. 12 When taking clorazepate, take measures such as taking notes to avoid forgetting important appointments or events. 14

Dependence

Clorazepate can cause dependence. 27 If taking for long periods, take as directed by your doctor. 24

Other Side Effects

Clorazepate can cause various side effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, rash, itching, and difficulty breathing. 21 If you are concerned about side effects, consult your doctor. 8

Measures to Counteract Side Effects

Measures to Counteract Drowsiness

If you are concerned about drowsiness, take clorazepate before bedtime. 25 Also, be very careful when driving or operating machinery. 23

Measures to Counteract Dizziness

If you are concerned about dizziness, get up slowly. 5 Also, be careful of falls. 17

Measures to Counteract Memory Impairment

If you are concerned about memory impairment, take measures such as taking notes for important appointments or events. 19 Also, consult your doctor. 18

Measures to Counteract Dependence

If you are concerned about dependence, consult your doctor. 22 If taking for long periods, take as directed by your doctor. 11

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

Many studies have shown that clorazepate is an effective drug for the treatment of anxiety disorders and epilepsy. 6 Clorazepate has also been reported to have fewer side effects and comparable efficacy compared to diazepam. 10

Differences Across Studies

The frequency and type of clorazepate side effects may vary from study to study. 6 The effectiveness of clorazepate may also vary from study to study. 16

Points to Note Regarding Application to Real Life

Clorazepate is an effective drug for the treatment of anxiety disorders and epilepsy, but there are risks of side effects. 2 When taking clorazepate, take as directed by your doctor. 15

Limitations of Current Research

There is not enough research on the side effects of clorazepate yet. 1 In particular, there is still much that is unknown about the side effects of clorazepate when taken for long periods. 13

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the side effects of clorazepate. 1 In particular, it is necessary to investigate in detail the side effects of clorazepate when taken for long periods. 17 It is also necessary to conduct research comparing the effectiveness and side effects of clorazepate with other drugs. 9

Conclusion

Clorazepate is an effective drug for the treatment of anxiety disorders and epilepsy, but there are risks of side effects. 3 When taking clorazepate, take as directed by your doctor. 25 If you are concerned about side effects, consult your doctor. 4

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
6
0
0
7
27
1.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with antiepileptic drugs: An analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Author: BorrelliEric P, LeeErica Y, DescoteauxAndrew M, KogutStephen J, CaffreyAisling R

AEDs risk
SJS/TEN

This study quantified the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) associated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the United States.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

2.

Clorazepate therapy for refractory seizures.

Author: BerchouR C, RodinE A, RussellM E

Seizure control improvement

Clorazepate added to conventional anticonvulsants improved seizure control in some patients, but no overall improvement in electroencephalogram was observed. No significant side effects were reported.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

[Use of benzodiazepines in anesthesia and resuscitation].

Author: LepresleE, DebrasC

Amnesia
Anxiolysis
Hypnosis
Muscle relaxation
Sedation
Seizure prevention
Long-acting effects

Diazepam, clorazepate, and flunitrazepam are effective premedications and anesthetics. They have few side effects but long-acting effects should be considered for ambulatory anesthesia.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

4.

[Analgesia using oral administration of tilidine naloxone for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. A double blind study].

Author: HankemeierU, HerberholdD, GraffJ

Reduced pain
Well tolerated

Oral premedication with dipotassium clorazepate and tilidine-naloxone was effective in preventing pain during ESWL, with 70% of patients requiring no additional analgesic medication.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

6.

Double-blind comparison of buspirone and clorazepate in anxious outpatients.

Author: CohnJ B, BowdenC L, FisherJ G, RodosJ J

Effective for anxiety
Less sedation than clorazepate
Headache
Nausea

Buspirone was as effective as clorazepate in treating anxiety but caused significantly less sedation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Buspirone. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy as an anxiolytic.

Author: GoaK L, WardA

Improved anxiety
Less sedation
Limited abuse potential
Lag time to effect

Buspirone, a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, demonstrated anxiolytic efficacy comparable to benzodiazepines, with minimal sedation and cognitive impairment. It effectively improved anxiety symptoms, offering a potential alternative for patients requiring daytime alertness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Intellectual Disability and Psychotropic Medications.

Author: HerzigLisa, de LacyNina, CaponeGeorge, RadeskyJenny

Aggression
NSSI

Andrew, a 17-year-old with Down syndrome, has severe intellectual disabilities and engages in self-harm. He is under the care of multiple specialists, and despite many attempts to manage his behavior with various medications, he continues to self-harm. The case highlights the challenges of managing complex patients with multiple medical and behavioral issues, emphasizing the need for a collaborative approach involving a multidisciplinary team, including primary care, mental health, and behavioral specialists.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Clinical ConferenceA conference/presentation where healthcare professionals discuss and share cases, treatment strategies, and best practices.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Review of the side-effect profile of buspirone.

Author: NewtonR E, MarunyczJ D, AlderdiceM T, NapolielloM J

Less sedation than benzodiazepines
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Excitation
Headache
Light-headedness
Nausea
Nervousness
Paresthesia
Sweating/clamminess

Buspirone was as effective as benzodiazepines in treating generalized anxiety disorder but caused significantly less sedation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Evaluation of clorazepate (Tranxene) as an anticonvulsant--a pilot study.

Author: TroupinA S, FrielP, WilenskyA J, Morretti-OjemannL, LevyR H, FeiglP

Anticonvulsant effect

Clorazepate, a long-acting benzodiazepine, was compared to phenobarbital as a secondary anticonvulsant. Both medications were equally effective in controlling seizures, but clorazepate was better tolerated, with no drowsiness reported. Common side effects of phenytoin and phenobarbital limited their effectiveness when used together.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Use of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in treatment of epilepsy.

Author: ViningE P

Seizure control
Cognitive impairment
Sedative effects

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are effective in treating seizures, but chronic use can lead to serious sedative-hypnotic side effects. Patients should be carefully monitored for these side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

[A comparative study of the efficacy and tolerance of dipotassium clorazepate and flunitrazepam for oral premedication].

Author: DrautzM, FeuchtA, HeuserD

Improves sleep
Reduces anxiety
Decreased oxygen saturation

Flunitrazepam (F) and chlorazepate dipotassium (CD), two benzodiazepine derivatives, were effective in improving sleep quality, reducing anxiety, and providing amnesia in 108 women undergoing gynecological surgery. Both drugs were well tolerated, but F caused a significant decrease in preoperative oxygen saturation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

13.

Anxiety states in family practice: an evaluation of the need for antidepressant as well as anxiolytic therapy.

Author: McGhieR L, O'HaraH, O'HaraJ, BrodieN H, DunckleyH G, SchiffA A

Anxiety treatment
Drowsiness

Fluphenazine/nortriptyline, an antidepressant/anxiolytic combination, showed greater improvement in anxiety symptoms compared to clorazepate, a pure anxiolytic, in patients with anxiety. This suggests a depressive component in many anxiety states.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

[The use of chlorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) in the states of restlessness and agitation].

Author: KiejnaA, Kantorska-JaniecM, MałyszczakK

Fast sedation
Long-lasting sedation
Low interaction risk

Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) was effective and safe for fast control of anxiety and aggression in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, and other psychotic disorders, with a low risk of drug interactions and side effects.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Polish

16.

Buspirone, a novel nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic.

Author: KastenholzK V, CrismonM L

Anxiolytic effect
No dependence
No muscle relaxation
No sedation
Dizziness
Headache
Nervousness

Buspirone is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic that is effective in treating generalized anxiety. It lacks the sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsive effects of benzodiazepines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

[Non-oral routes of administration of psychotropic agents].

Author: SnoH N, SchuitenmakerM G

Treat mental illness

This study reviewed the available non-oral administration options for psychotropic medications.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Dutch

18.

Anticonvulsant therapy in small animals.

Author: BootheD M

Seizure control
Drug interactions
Side effects

Anticonvulsant therapy for seizures in small animals is a balancing act between seizure control and side effects. Monitoring drug levels and adjusting doses appropriately are crucial for successful therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

[Diltiazem poisoning: hemodynamic aspects].

Author: BeauvoirC, PasseronD, du CailarG, MilletE

Cardiac recovery
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Cardiovascular collapse
Respiratory failure

A 50-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction experienced cardiac arrest after taking a massive overdose of diltiazem. He was treated with multiple medications, including atropine, calcium chloride, isoproterenol, dobutamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. After 7 hours of treatment, his heart rhythm returned to normal.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

20.

Clorazepate: double blind crossover comparison of a single nightly dose with diazepam thrice daily in anxiety.

Author: MagnusR V, DeanB C, CurryS H

Anxiety treatment
Side effects

Clorazepate, a benzodiazepine, was as effective as diazepam in treating mild to moderate anxiety in 40 patients. Clorazepate had fewer side effects and was more convenient due to its once-daily dosing regimen.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

[Benzodiazepines in the treatment of epilepsy].

Author: LoiseauP

Treats epileptic status
Side effects
Tolerance

Diazepam and clonazepam are the first-choice treatments for epileptic status, while other benzodiazepines are prescribed for chronic treatment of various forms of epilepsy, but tolerance and side effects are frequent.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

23.

Single daily dose treatment of anxiety with clobazam or dipotassium clorazepate.

Author: WallisT D, Vallé-JonesJ C, CravenJ R, HanksG W, StonierP D

Anxiety treatment
Drowsiness

Clobazam, a benzodiazepine, was compared to dipotassium clorazepate for the treatment of anxiety. Both medications were effective in reducing anxiety symptoms, but clobazam showed a lower incidence of daytime drowsiness. Other side effects were minimal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Drug interactions in controlled clinical trials.

Author: GershonS

Increased side effects

Buspirone, diazepam, clorazepate, and placebo were evaluated for side effects with and without concomitant medications. Diazepam was associated with a higher incidence of side effects, but the increased sedation was not due to concomitant medications.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

The role of general practitioner research groups in the study of benzodiazepines.

Author: HarrisP G

Anxiolytic effect
Low side effects

Clorazepate, a long-acting benzodiazepine, is effective in treating anxiety and has a low incidence of side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Effectiveness of bedtime dosing of benzodiazepines: a placebo-controlled comparison of halazepam and clorazepate.

Author: AdenG C, O'HairD E

Anxiety relief
Clorazepate efficacy
Halazepam efficacy
Daytime somnolence

Both halazepam and clorazepate were effective in treating anxiety, with halazepam showing greater improvement than clorazepate. Both drugs were well-tolerated, with no serious side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

[Prescription and use of benzodiazepins in Saint-Louis in Senegal: patient survey].

Author: DièyeA M, SyB, DiarraM, FayeB

Dependence
Somnolence

A patient survey in Senegal revealed that benzodiazepines, like prazepam, clorazepate, lorazepam, and diazepam, are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals for insomnia, anxiety, and epilepsy. The most frequent side effects reported were somnolence and dependence.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

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