Side Effects of dipivefrin ophthalmic: A Synthesis of Findings from 17 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Dipivefrin is a more effective and safer alternative to epinephrine in the treatment of glaucoma, as shown in several studies. 6 .

Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine and converts to epinephrine in the eye tissue. 9 . It penetrates the cornea more easily than epinephrine, allowing for similar effectiveness at lower concentrations. 9 . This contributes to fewer side effects compared to epinephrine. 11 .

Reasons for Side Effects

While dipivefrin has fewer side effects than epinephrine, some patients may experience eye inflammation, allergic reactions, or cardiovascular effects. 10 , 8 , 7 .

Common Side Effects

Eye Inflammation

Dipivefrin can cause eye inflammation such as conjunctivitis or allergic reactions. 10 , 8 , 2 .

Cardiovascular Effects

Dipivefrin may affect the cardiovascular system. 7 . While it is believed to have less impact on the cardiovascular system than epinephrine, some patients may experience decreased heart rate or increased blood pressure. 7 .

Other Side Effects

Side effects such as headaches, eye pain, and visual disturbances have been reported with dipivefrin use. 4 , 5 .

Side Effect Management

Eye Inflammation

If you experience eye inflammation, discontinue using the eye drops and consult your doctor. 10 .

Cardiovascular Effects

Due to the potential for cardiovascular effects, patients with heart disease or high blood pressure should avoid dipivefrin. 7 .

Research Comparisons

Research Similarities

Multiple studies have shown that dipivefrin has fewer side effects than traditional epinephrine. 6 , 11 , 4 .

Research Differences

Some studies indicate that dipivefrin may be less effective in treating glaucoma compared to epinephrine. 11 .

Real-life Application Considerations

While effective for treating glaucoma, dipivefrin also poses side effect risks. 10 , 8 , 7 . When using dipivefrin, strictly adhere to your doctor's instructions. If you experience any side effects, consult your doctor immediately. 10 , 8 , 7 .

Current Research Limitations

Long-term safety research on dipivefrin remains inadequate. 8 . Furthermore, the incidence of dipivefrin side effects can vary from patient to patient. 7 .

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to assess the long-term safety of dipivefrin. 8 . Research is also needed to investigate the link between the incidence of dipivefrin side effects and patient characteristics. 7 .

Conclusion

Several studies indicate that dipivefrin is a more effective and safer alternative to epinephrine in treating glaucoma. 6 , 11 , 4 . However, some patients may experience side effects from dipivefrin. 10 , 8 , 7 . When using dipivefrin, carefully follow your doctor's instructions and report any side effects immediately. 10 , 8 , 7 .

Literature analysis of 17 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
6
1
1
3
17
1.

Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: MokhtariAkram, YipOlivia, AlainJudith, BerthelotSimon

Reduced extrapyramidal effects
None reported

Diphenhydramine, when compared to placebo, was associated with a significant reduction in extrapyramidal adverse effects in patients receiving neuroleptic medications. However, the overall quality of evidence is low, and further research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Evaluation of ocular hypersensitivity to dipivalyl epinephrine by component eye-drop testing.

Author: PetersenP E, EvansR B, JohnstoneM A, HendersonW R

Glaucoma treatment
Conjunctivitis

Dipivefrin, an ingredient in Propine eye drops, was identified as the cause of conjunctivitis in five patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

A single-blind randomised trial comparing adrenaline 1.0% with dipivalyl epinephrine (propine) 0.1% in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Author: MillsK B, JacobsN A

Reduced intraocular pressure
Side effects

Both adrenaline 1% and dipivalyl epinephrine (Propine) 0.1% lowered intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. However, the effect was not significant enough to warrant their use as a first-line treatment. Side effects were reported in 60% of patients receiving Propine and 66% of those receiving adrenaline.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Drop attack in glaucoma. The Melbourne experience with topical miotics, adrenergic and neuronal blocking drops.

Author: WestR H, CebonL, GilliesW E

Effective in lowering intraocular pressure
Useful for glaucoma
Frequent side effects
Respiratory disease contraindication

Miotics, adrenaline, and neuronal blockers are effective in lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Cardiovascular effects of epinephrine and dipivalyl epinephrine applied topically to the eye in patients with glaucoma.

Author: KerrC R, HassI, DranceS M, WaltersM B, SchulzerM

No significant blood pressure effects
Reduced heart rate
Cardiovascular side effects
Ventricular ectopy

Epinephrine eye drops caused cardiovascular side effects in 25% of patients with glaucoma. Dipivalyl epinephrine, a new epinephrine analogue, appeared to be devoid of these effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Toxicity of dipivalyl epinephrine.

Author: WandelT, SpinakM

Blepharoconjunctivitis
Conjunctival hyperemia

Dipivalyl epinephrine, a topical epinephrine prodrug, was evaluated in 14 patients with open-angle glaucoma for three years. Severe blepharoconjunctivitis developed in 4 patients, including 2 with a history of epinephrine intolerance. Asymptomatic conjunctival hyperemia occurred in 3 other patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Dipivefrin: current concepts.

Author: GoldbergI, KolkerA E, KassM A, BeckerB

Fewer extraocular side effects
Reduced intraocular pressure
Similar intraocular epinephrine
Well-tolerated
Cystoid macular oedema
Should not be used with anticholinesterases

Dipivefrin, a pro-drug of epinephrine, was found to be a safe and effective alternative to epinephrine in treating elevated intraocular pressure. It is particularly useful for patients who cannot tolerate epinephrine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

10.

External ocular toxicity of dipivalyl epinephrine.

Author: TheodoreJ, LeibowitzH M

Lowers intraocular pressure
Adverse external ocular side effects

Dipivalyl epinephrine 0.1%, administered topically for lowering intraocular pressure, caused adverse external ocular side effects in 6 out of 26 patients, leading to discontinuation. Duration of exposure is a factor in sensitization to topically applied dipivalyl epinephrine.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Clinical comparison of dipivalyl epinephrine and epinephrine in the treatment of glaucoma.

Author: KohnA N, MossA P, HargettN A, RitchR, SmithH, PodosS M

Fewer side effects
IOP reduction

Dipivalyl epinephrine was less effective than epinephrine hydrochloride in decreasing intraocular pressure, but it was associated with significantly fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

12.

[Are metipranolol eyedrops responsible for intraocular side effects?].

Author: ChristT, KesslerC

No intraocular side effects
Uveitis

Metipranolol is a beta-blocker used for treating glaucoma. While some studies showed cases of uveitis, extensive research involving over 2,800 patients found no conclusive evidence of a link between metipranolol and uveitis.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

13.

[Therapy of primary open-angle glaucoma by oftan-dipivefrin].

Author: EgorovE A, AlekseevV N, ErichevV P, UsachevV V, SimonovaS V, IakubovaL V

Glaucoma treatment
Intraocular pressure reduction
Side effects

This study compared the efficacy and safety of oftan-dipivefrin and glaucon in the treatment of glaucoma. Oftan-dipivefrin was more effective in decreasing intraocular pressure, but glaucon caused fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Russian

14.

[Pharmacological profiles of the potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide hydrochloride, a topical antiglaucoma agent].

Author: KobayashiM, NaitoK

Lower IOP
Treat normal-tension glaucoma
Treat ocular hypertension
Treat open-angle glaucoma

Dorzolamide is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is effective in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Dorzolamide is well tolerated and does not cause the severe systemic adverse events associated with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Japanese

15.

The efficacy and safety of unfixed and fixed combinations of latanoprost and other antiglaucoma medications.

Author: HigginbothamEve J, DiestelhorstM, PfeifferN, RoulandJ F, AlmA

Fixed combination
IOP reduction
Patient compliance
Side effects

Fixed and unfixed combinations of latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, with other glaucoma medications effectively lowered intraocular pressure.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Nasolacrimal occlusion improves the therapeutic index of antiglaucoma medications.

Author: SharirM, ZimmermanT J

Improved efficacy
Safer usage

This study assessed the effect of nasolacrimal occlusion on the therapeutic index of various antiglaucoma medications. Nasolacrimal occlusion improved efficacy and safety, allowing for lower concentrations and less frequent administration.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

[Retina and glaucoma: therapeutic considerations].

Author: AptelF, DenisP

Cystoid macular edema
Steroid glaucoma

This review discusses the interactions between retinal diseases, their treatment, and intraocular pressure (IOP). It focuses on the risks of steroid glaucoma induced by intravitreal triamcinolone and the potential for cystoid macular edema (CME) in eyes treated with prostaglandin analogs. The review suggests that most PGA-treated eyes with CME had independent risk factors for CME.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

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