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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Dolutegravir is a widely used antiretroviral drug that is effective in treating HIV infection. Many studies have shown that dolutegravir is effective in suppressing HIV. However, dolutegravir has been reported to have various side effects. 6 reported cases of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients who received dolutegravir-based ART regimens. 12 , the Active Pharmacovigilance Project on the safety profile of Dolutegravir in Brazil, reported that gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric side effects were common in patients who took dolutegravir. 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. 7 suggested that antiretroviral therapy containing dolutegravir may increase the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. 4 reported neuropsychiatric adverse effects of dolutegravir in real-life clinical practice. 22 suggested that dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. 5 reported that dolutegravir may increase the risk of neural tube defects.

Reasons for Side Effects

Dolutegravir side effects may vary depending on how the drug acts in the body or the individual patient's constitution. 7 suggested that dolutegravir may increase the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats, leading to neuropsychiatric side effects. 2 suggested that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, may act directly on the brains of women with HIV, causing neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported as a side effect of dolutegravir. 12 , the Active Pharmacovigilance Project on the safety profile of Dolutegravir in Brazil, reported that gastrointestinal side effects were common. 23 reported indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, and fatigue as side effects of dolutegravir in Korean patients.

Neurological

Neurological symptoms have been reported as a side effect of dolutegravir. 12 , the Active Pharmacovigilance Project on the safety profile of Dolutegravir in Brazil, reported that neurological side effects were common. 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. 7 suggested that antiretroviral therapy containing dolutegravir may increase the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. 4 reported neuropsychiatric adverse effects of dolutegravir in real-life clinical practice. 5 reported that dolutegravir may increase the risk of neural tube defects.

Psychiatric

Psychiatric symptoms have been reported as a side effect of dolutegravir. 12 , the Active Pharmacovigilance Project on the safety profile of Dolutegravir in Brazil, reported that psychiatric side effects were common. 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. 19 found that dolutegravir was not associated with mood symptoms. 4 reported neuropsychiatric adverse effects of dolutegravir in real-life clinical practice. 10 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with reports of depression and suicidal behavior.

Metabolic

Metabolic symptoms have been reported as a side effect of dolutegravir. 6 reported cases of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients who received dolutegravir-based ART regimens. 22 suggested that dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Side Effect Management

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

If gastrointestinal side effects occur, diet therapy or a change in medication may be considered. 12 , the Active Pharmacovigilance Project on the safety profile of Dolutegravir in Brazil, reported that gastrointestinal side effects were common. 23 reported indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, and fatigue as side effects of dolutegravir in Korean patients. These side effects may be reduced by diet therapy or a change in medication.

Neurological Side Effects

If neurological side effects occur, a change in medication or adjustment of the dosage may be considered. 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. 4 reported neuropsychiatric adverse effects of dolutegravir in real-life clinical practice. 10 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with reports of depression and suicidal behavior. These side effects may be reduced by a change in medication or adjustment of the dosage. Consulting a psychiatrist may also be necessary.

Psychiatric Side Effects

If psychiatric side effects occur, a change in medication or adjustment of the dosage may be considered. 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. 4 reported neuropsychiatric adverse effects of dolutegravir in real-life clinical practice. 10 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with reports of depression and suicidal behavior. These side effects may be reduced by a change in medication or adjustment of the dosage. Consulting a psychiatrist may also be necessary.

Metabolic Side Effects

If metabolic side effects occur, diet therapy, exercise therapy, or a change in medication may be considered. 6 reported cases of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients who received dolutegravir-based ART regimens. 22 suggested that dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. These side effects may be reduced by diet therapy, exercise therapy, or a change in medication.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have suggested that dolutegravir may cause gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric side effects. 12 , 2 , 4 reported these side effects. 22 suggested that dolutegravir may increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. These studies suggest that dolutegravir may cause a variety of side effects.

Differences

Some studies have suggested that dolutegravir side effects may be limited to specific groups. For example, 2 found that integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, were associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in women with HIV compared to efavirenz. Also, 7 suggested that antiretroviral therapy containing dolutegravir may increase the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. These studies suggest that the side effects of dolutegravir may vary depending on the patient's age, sex, and medical condition.

Practical Applications

Dolutegravir is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, but the risk of side effects must be considered. If you are taking dolutegravir, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and have regular checkups. In particular, if you experience neurological or metabolic symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of dolutegravir is still insufficient. Further research is needed, especially regarding long-term side effects. Also, because side effects can vary depending on the individual patient's constitution and medical condition, research findings cannot be applied to everyone.

Future Research Directions

The following aspects of dolutegravir side effects require further research: * Long-term side effects * Frequency and severity of side effects * Preventive measures for side effects * Treatment for side effects These studies are expected to help us understand dolutegravir side effects more deeply and develop safer treatment methods.

Conclusion

Dolutegravir is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, but the risk of side effects must be considered. If you are taking dolutegravir, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and have regular checkups. If you experience side effects, consult your doctor immediately. Further research on the side effects of dolutegravir is expected to help develop safer treatment methods.


Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
5
Article Type
1
0
0
4
25

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Author: RubinLeah H, O'HalloranJane A, WilliamsDionna W, LiYuliang, FitzgeraldKathryn C, DastgheybRaha, DamronAlexandra L, MakiPauline M, SpenceAmanda B, SharmaAnjali, GustafsonDeborah R, MilamJoel, WeberKathleen M, AdimoraAdaora A, OfotokunIgho, FischlMargaret A, Konkle-ParkerDeborah, XuYanxun


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Author: Vélez-Díaz-PallarésManuel, Esteban-CartelleBeatriz, Gramage-CaroTeresa, Montero-LlorenteBeatriz, Parro-MartínMaría de Los Ángeles, Rodríguez-SagradoMiguel Ángel, Álvarez-DíazAna María


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