Side Effects of epoetin alfa: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Epoetin alfa is widely used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, cancer, and other diseases. This collection of papers reveals several key findings regarding the safety and effectiveness of epoetin alfa.

For example, 23 reports that epoetin alfa can help maintain high hemoglobin levels, which in turn improves heart function and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, 21 highlights the risks of cardiovascular events associated with epoetin alfa use and details how the FDA added a black box warning in 2007 to emphasize these concerns.

Furthermore, 28 discusses a rare side effect associated with epoetin alfa use called pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). PRCA is caused by the production of antibodies against epoetin alfa and can lead to severe complications. 17 provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding the etiology of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia and its treatment.

Other findings include the potential of epoetin alfa to reduce psychological distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy ( 11 ), its promising role as an add-on treatment for the cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ( 5 ), and its potential to protect bone marrow cells from the genotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs like mitomycin C and cisplatin ( 13 , 16 ).

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of epoetin alfa can arise from several factors.

One factor is that epoetin alfa promotes the growth of vascular endothelial cells when it stimulates red blood cell production. This can increase the risk of thrombosis and stroke. Additionally, epoetin alfa can increase the contractile force of the heart, potentially straining the organ. Furthermore, epoetin alfa can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections.

Another factor is the ingredients in epoetin alfa formulations. Specifically, some components of epoetin alfa formulations may trigger immune reactions. Therefore, using epoetin alfa can potentially lead to allergic reactions or autoimmune disorders.

Side effects of epoetin alfa can vary depending on the dosage and method of administration. Generally, higher doses increase the risk of side effects. Subcutaneous administration tends to have a lower risk of side effects compared to intravenous administration.

Common Side Effects

Thrombosis

Epoetin alfa can increase the risk of thrombosis due to its ability to stimulate vascular endothelial cell growth. Thrombosis is a condition where blood clots form and block blood vessels. Thrombosis can lead to serious diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

Hypertension

Epoetin alfa can increase the risk of hypertension because it can constrict blood vessels. Hypertension can strain the heart, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Cardiovascular Events

Epoetin alfa can increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. 21 ,

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)

This is a rare side effect caused by the production of antibodies against epoetin alfa. PRCA results in the suppression of red blood cell production, leading to severe anemia. 28 , 17

Allergic Reactions

Components in epoetin alfa formulations can trigger allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can manifest as symptoms such as hives and difficulty breathing. 28

Autoimmune Diseases

Components in epoetin alfa formulations can trigger autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. 28

Side Effect Management

Thrombosis

To reduce the risk of thrombosis, the dosage of epoetin alfa may need to be adjusted, or anticoagulants may be used concurrently.

Hypertension

To reduce the risk of hypertension, the dosage of epoetin alfa may need to be adjusted, or antihypertensive medications may be used concurrently.

Cardiovascular Events

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, the dosage of epoetin alfa may need to be adjusted, and lifestyle modifications should be implemented. 21 ,

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)

Since PRCA is caused by the production of antibodies against epoetin alfa, the use of epoetin alfa should be discontinued. 28 , 17

Allergic Reactions

If allergic reactions occur, epoetin alfa use should be stopped, and medical attention should be sought immediately. 28

Autoimmune Diseases

If autoimmune diseases occur, epoetin alfa use should be stopped, and medical attention should be sought immediately. 28

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities in Studies

All of these studies aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of epoetin alfa. Many studies highlight the risk of cardiovascular events associated with epoetin alfa use.

Differences in Studies

These studies differ in the populations studied and research methodologies. For example, 23 focused on patients with chronic kidney disease, while 21 investigated cancer patients. 23 examined the relationship between epoetin alfa dosage and hemoglobin levels, while 11 explored the impact of epoetin alfa on patient psychological states.

Important Considerations for Real-World Applications

Epoetin alfa is an effective medication for treating anemia, but it's important to remember the risk of side effects. When using epoetin alfa, it's crucial to consult with your doctor to determine the appropriate dosage and administration method based on your individual condition.

Additionally, when using epoetin alfa, regular blood tests are important to detect potential side effects early. If you suspect side effects, consult your doctor promptly.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies all involved specific populations, and their findings may not apply to everyone. Additionally, these studies are based on relatively short follow-up periods, and long-term effects remain unclear.

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to comprehensively investigate the safety and efficacy of epoetin alfa. Specifically, studies should focus on long-term effects and the risk of side effects in various populations.

Conclusion

Epoetin alfa is an effective treatment for anemia, but it's important to be aware of the potential side effects. When using epoetin alfa, consult your doctor for appropriate dosage and administration methods based on your individual condition. Regular blood tests are crucial to detect side effects early, and prompt medical attention should be sought if side effects are suspected.

Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
4
Article Type
5
1
1
8
28
1.

Doping and sports endocrinology: growth hormone, IGF-1, insulin, and erythropoietin.

Author: García-ArnésJ A, García-CasaresN

doping
performance enhancement

This review examines the use of peptide hormones, growth factors, and related substances in sports. It covers topics like prevalence of use, ergogenic effects, side effects, and anti-doping detection methods for agents like growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and erythropoietin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Erythropoietin in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Author: BalestracciAlejandro, CaponeMarina Andrea, Meni BattagliaLuciana, ToledoIsmael, MartinSandra Mariel, BeaudoinLaura, BalbaryskiJeanette, GómezLorena

This pilot randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in sparing red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome related to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS). The results showed no significant difference in the number of RBC transfusions between the rHuEPO and control groups. Baseline EPO levels were adequate in most patients and did not correlate with transfusion requirements. Higher baseline and maximum lactic dehydrogenase levels, creatinine peak, and dialysis duration correlated significantly with RBC requirements. Further research with higher rHuEPO doses and similar kidney failure severity at initiation is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Efficacy and Safety of Supportive Care Biosimilars Among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: YangJichun, YuShuqing, YangZhirong, YanYusong, ChenYao, ZengHongmei, MaFei, ShiYanxia, ShiYehui, ZhangZilu, SunFeng

Biosimilar Development
Cancer Treatment

This article discusses the growing use of biosimilars for supportive care in cancer treatment, particularly focusing on epoetin alfa, filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim. These biosimilars offer cost-effective alternatives to original biologics, potentially improving access to supportive care for cancer patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Erythropoietin as an add-on treatment for cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author: SchmidtLejla Sjanic, PetersenJeff Zarp, VinbergMaj, HagemanIda, OlsenNiels Vidiendal, KessingLars Vedel, JørgensenMartin Balslev, MiskowiakKamilla Woznica

Depression treatment
Cognitive side-effects

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for depression, but it can cause memory problems. This study is looking at whether a medication called erythropoietin can reduce these memory problems.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Early High-Dose Erythropoietin Therapy After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: CariouAlain, DeyeNicolas, VivienBenoît, RichardOlivier, PichonNicolas, BourgAngèle, HuetLoïc, BuleonClément, FreyJérôme, AsfarPierre, LegrielStéphane, NarcisseSophie, MathonnetArmelle, CravoisyAurélie, DequinPierre-François, WielEric, RazaziKeyvan, DaubinCédric, KimmounAntoine, LamhautLionel, MarxJean-Sébastien, de la GaranderieDidier Payen, EcollanPatrick, CombesAlain, SpauldingChristian, BaratFlorence, Ben BoutiebMyriam, CosteJoël, ChicheJean-Daniel, PèneFrédéric, MiraJean-Paul, TreluyerJean-Marc, HermineOlivier, CarliPierre,

Higher complication rate

Erythropoietin does not improve the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Furthermore, it is associated with an increased risk of complications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Systemic treatment with erythropoietin protects the neurovascular unit in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration.

Author: BuschStephanie, KanntAimo, KolibabkaMatthias, SchlottererAndreas, WangQian, LinJihong, FengYuxi, HoffmannSigrid, GretzNorbert, HammesHans-Peter

Neuroglialvascular protection
Retinal neurodegeneration protection

Erythropoietin (EPO) was found to protect the neuroglialvascular unit in a rat model of retinal neurodegeneration. EPO treatment significantly reduced the formation of acellular capillaries and protected against thinning of the central retina. Microglial activity was also decreased by EPO treatment. This study suggests that EPO may be beneficial in treating retinal neurodegeneration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Delivery of hypoxia and glioma dual-specific suicide gene using dexamethasone conjugated polyethylenimine for glioblastoma-specific gene therapy.

Author: KimHyun Ah, ParkJin Hyeong, YiNa, LeeMinhyung

Glioblastoma therapy

This study developed glioma and hypoxia dual-specific plasmids for glioblastoma therapy. These plasmids, when combined with a gene carrier, effectively reduced tumor size in both subcutaneous and intracranial glioblastoma models, suggesting their potential for glioblastoma-specific gene therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Impact of anemia management with EPO on psychologic distress in cancer patients: results of a multicenter patient survey.

Author: Del PreteSalvatore, CinieriSaverio, LorussoVito, MaiorinoLuigi, PizzaCarmine, PisanoAgata, MontesarchioVincenzo, LeoLuigi, SavastanoClementina, PistoleseGiuseppe, BiancoMaddalena, MabiliaRoberto, TonachellaRiccardo, FebbraroAntonio, ManzioneLuigi, PalazzoSalvatore, FilippelliGianfranco, VincenziBruno, BarbatoEnrico, CennamoGregorio, RiccardiFerdinando, MissoGabriella, CaragliaMichele, AddeoRaffaele

EPO improves psychological distress

Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment for chemotherapy-induced anemia resulted in a significant improvement in psychological conditions for patients who responded to the treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

12.

Emerging drugs for treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease.

Author: MagwoodJametta S, LebbyAkida, ChenBrian, KesslerSam, NorrisLeAnn, BennettCharles L

Prevention of transfusions
Arterial and venous thromboembolism
Myocardial events

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are essential for preventing transfusions in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, traditional ESAs, erythropoietin (EPO), and darbepoietin are associated with increased risks of thromboembolism and myocardial events. New, less frequent but equally effective ESAs are needed to improve patient well-being and quality of life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Role of recombinant human erythropoietin in mitomycin C-induced genotoxicity: analysis of DNA fragmentation, chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in rat bone-marrow cells.

Author: Rjiba-TouatiKarima, Ayed-BoussemaImen, GuedriYosra, AchourAbdelatif, BachaHassen, AbidSalwa

Genotoxicity protection

Mitomycin C is a chemotherapy drug known for its effectiveness but can cause side effects. This study investigated whether erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, could protect against the DNA damage caused by mitomycin C in rat bone marrow cells. The study found that erythropoietin reduced the DNA damage induced by mitomycin C, particularly when given before treatment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

[A case report: patient with advanced ovarial tumour and supporting care].

Author: BrančíkováD, OstřížkováL, ProtivánkováM, BednaříkO, MechlZ

Improved quality of life
Long-term remission

A patient with cancer of the abdominal and pelvic cavity achieved a good quality of life, long-term persistent complete remission and overall survival of 61 months with intensive chemotherapy and supportive care.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Czech

16.

Induction of DNA fragmentation, chromosome aberrations and micronuclei by cisplatin in rat bone-marrow cells: protective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin.

Author: Rjiba-TouatiKarima, Ayed-BoussemaImen, SkhiriHabib, BelarbiaAnis, ZellemaDorsaf, AchourAbdelatif, BachaHassen

Bone marrow protection
Genotoxicity protection

This study investigated the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells. rhEPO significantly reduced genotoxicity, particularly when administered prior to cisplatin exposure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia in chronic kidney disease patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: new insights.

Author: MacdougallIain C, RogerSimon D, de FranciscoAngel, GoldsmithDavid J A, SchellekensHuub, EbbersHans, JelkmannWolfgang, LondonGérard, CasadevallNicole, HörlWalter H, KemenyDavid M, PollockCarol

Pure red cell aplasia

This review discusses the current understanding of antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia, a rare complication of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. It emphasizes the importance of defining the causes and therapies for this condition, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

[Biosimilars].

Author: KrämerIrene

Biosimilar availability

Biosimilars are biological medicinal products that are similar to existing biological originator products. They are approved by regulatory authorities after patents expire. Biosimilars of recombinant somatropin, epoetin alfa, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor are available in the EU and have demonstrated similar quality, safety, and efficacy to reference products.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

19.

Hematopoietic growth factors in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Author: SteensmaDavid P

Increase blood count
Alter disease history

Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are commonly prescribed for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but there is no MDS-specific US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indication for any of the HGFs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

An open-label, randomized, multicenter, controlled study of epoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease in the long term care setting.

Author: PatelMeenakshi, ThimonsDavid G, WinstonJaron L, LangholffWayne, McGowanTracy

Improved Hb
Reduced transfusion

Epoetin alfa administered in extended-dosing intervals of Q2W followed by Q4W was safe and effective in the treatment of anemia in subjects with CKD who reside in LTC facilities. Subjects in the epoetin alfa group had a significantly greater mean change in Hb (0.9 g/dL) compared with the SOC group (0.3 g/dL) (P = .006) and a significantly greater percentage of subjects achieved an Hb response in the epoetin alfa group (85.1%) compared with the SOC group (53.8%) (P < .001).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent prescribing at an Asian cancer center, after release of safety advisories.

Author: ChanQingru, ChanAlexandre

Chemotherapy-induced anemia treatment
Cardiovascular events

The prescribing of epoetin alfa at National Cancer Centre Singapore decreased after the FDA black box warnings in 2007. The study found a need to improve the appropriateness of efficacy and toxicity monitoring of epoetin alfa.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Maintaining high hemoglobin levels improved the left ventricular mass index and quality of life scores in pre-dialysis Japanese chronic kidney disease patients.

Author: HirakataHideki, TsubakiharaYoshiharu, GejyoFumitake, NishiShinichi, IinoYasuhiko, WatanabeYuzou, SuzukiMasashi, SaitoAkira, AkibaTakashi, InagumaDaijo, FukuharaShunichi, MoritaSatoshi, HiroeMichiaki, HadaYoshiyuki, SuzukiMakoto, AkaishiMakoto, AonumaKazutaka, AkizawaTadao

Improved CKD QOL

Targeting a higher hemoglobin (Hb) around 12 g/dl was more beneficial than targeting conventional Hb in terms of reduction of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and quality of life (QOL) in pre-dialysis Japanese CKD patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

2007 Standards, Options, and Recommendations: use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA: epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, and darbepoetin) for the management of anemia in children with cancer.

Author: Marec-BerardPerrine, ChastagnerPascal, Kassab-ChahmiDiana, CasadevallNicole, MarchalChristian, MissetJean-Louis, Ray-CoquardIsabelle

Increased hemoglobin
Reduced transfusions
Thromboembolic events

The Standards, Options, and Recommendations (SOR) project, formerly managed by the French National Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) and now by the French National Cancer Institute, develops and disseminates clinical practice guidelines in oncology. In 2007, the SOR updated information regarding the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in anemic children with cancer. Updates were based on a review of the most reliable scientific data available, followed by critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts and validation by independent experts. The literature review identified four randomized trials providing reliable new information on ESA use in children. This review confirmed four points: treatment increases hemoglobin levels and decreases the need for blood transfusions; no quality-of-life or survival benefits were demonstrated; treatment does not appear to be associated with significantly more side effects; and the impact on thromboembolic events and patient quality of life remains unclear. The study concluded that systematic administration of ESA is not recommended for the prevention or treatment of anemia in pediatric cancer patients. However, treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis, and the intravenous route should be preferred if treatment is considered.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

A risk model for severe anemia to select cancer patients for primary prophylaxis with epoetin alpha: a prospective randomized controlled trial of the ELYPSE study group.

Author: Ray-CoquardI, DussartS, GoillotC, MayeurD, DebourdeauP, GhesquieresH, BachelotT, Le CesneA, AnglaretB, AgostiniC, GuastallaJ-P, LancryL, BironP, DesseigneF, BlayJ-Y

Reduces transfusion need

Epoetin (EPO) administration can reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. This study aimed to identify patients at high risk for anemia requiring transfusion and evaluate the effectiveness of EPOalpha administration based on a risk model using clinical parameters such as hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, and performance status.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Epoetin-associated pure red cell aplasia: past, present, and future considerations.

Author: McKoyJune M, StonecashRobin E, CournoyerDenis, RossertJerome, NissensonAllen R, RaischDennis W, CasadevallNicole, BennettCharles L

Pure red cell aplasia

Epoetin products, used to treat anemia, have been associated with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). This article discusses the potential risk factors associated with epoetin-associated PRCA, including formulation without human serum albumin (HSA) and subcutaneous administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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