Effects of ethacrynic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Effects of ethacrynic acid
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effects of ethacrynic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Effects of ethacrynic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Ethacrynic acid has shown promise as a potential treatment for glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure. 23 Topical application of ethacrynic acid in rabbits resulted in a significant decrease in intraocular pressure, but also led to severe corneal edema and epithelial sloughing. 23 To mitigate these adverse effects, researchers investigated the use of ethacrynic acid adducts. By combining ethacrynic acid with cysteine, they were able to reduce corneal side effects while maintaining the pressure-lowering effect. 23 Further improvements were observed when acetylcysteine pretreatment was employed, leading to even milder corneal toxicity. 23 Ethacrynic acid's effects on intraocular pressure were also examined in a study using a perfusion organ culture model of human eyes. 19 The study found that ethacrynic acid effectively increased outflow facility, leading to a temporary decrease in intraocular pressure. 19 However, high concentrations of ethacrynic acid were associated with damage to trabecular meshwork cells. 19 Research also suggests that ethacrynic acid may enhance the antitumor effects of irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer. 3 Ethacrynic acid, when combined with irreversible EGFR TKIs, induced necrosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting a synergistic antitumor effect. 3 Additionally, studies have investigated ethacrynic acid's effects on various cellular processes, including glutathione levels and mitochondrial function. 10 Ethacrynic acid has also been shown to inhibit the migration of human cancer cells. 4 Further research explored the potential of ethacrynic acid derivatives for treating glaucoma. 7 These derivatives, particularly those from the 9,000 series, exhibited enhanced efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure compared to ethacrynic acid. 7 Overall, the findings indicate that ethacrynic acid and its derivatives hold promise for the treatment of glaucoma and other conditions, but further research is needed to optimize their use and address potential side effects. 6 8

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Ethacrynic acid has shown potential as a treatment for glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. 23 Ethacrynic acid adducts have been developed to reduce corneal side effects while maintaining the pressure-lowering effect. 23 Ethacrynic acid may also enhance the effectiveness of certain antitumor drugs. 3 Additionally, derivatives of ethacrynic acid, such as SA9000 and SA12590, have demonstrated promising results as ocular hypotensive drugs. 8 6

Risks Summary

Ethacrynic acid can cause corneal edema and epithelial sloughing, especially with topical application. 23 High concentrations of ethacrynic acid may damage trabecular meshwork cells. 19 Further research is needed to fully assess the safety and efficacy of ethacrynic acid and its derivatives. 8 6

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Across the studies, ethacrynic acid consistently demonstrated the ability to lower intraocular pressure. 23 6 19 18 8 Furthermore, several studies suggested that ethacrynic acid might have antitumor properties. 3 4 14 Ethacrynic acid's effects on cellular processes, including glutathione levels and mitochondrial function, were investigated in several studies. 10 The research also indicated that ethacrynic acid's efficacy could be improved through structural modifications. 7 6

Differences

Different studies used varying dosages and routes of administration for ethacrynic acid, leading to variations in observed effects and side effects. 23 6 The specific mechanisms by which ethacrynic acid exerts its effects are not completely understood and may differ based on the study's focus and methodology. 8 22 25 29 28

Consistency and Inconsistencies

The research consistently shows ethacrynic acid's potential to lower intraocular pressure, but also highlights the risk of corneal side effects. 23 6 19 The use of adducts and acetylcysteine pretreatment has shown promise in mitigating corneal toxicity, suggesting avenues for improvement. 23 However, the exact mechanisms of action of ethacrynic acid, including its interactions with various cellular processes, remain areas of ongoing research and potential debate. 22 25 29 28

Considerations for Real-World Application

While ethacrynic acid shows promise for treating glaucoma, it's crucial to be aware of its potential side effects, particularly corneal toxicity. 23 6 Use of ethacrynic acid should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate dosage and monitor for any adverse reactions. 23 Additionally, the potential interactions of ethacrynic acid with other medications should be considered. 5

Limitations of Current Research

The understanding of ethacrynic acid's mechanisms of action remains incomplete. 8 22 25 29 28 Furthermore, further research is needed to fully evaluate the safety and efficacy of ethacrynic acid and its derivatives for various applications. 19 9 11 15 10 26 7 21 13 12

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of ethacrynic acid and its derivatives. 8 22 25 29 28 Clinical trials are needed to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of ethacrynic acid and its derivatives for various applications, including glaucoma treatment and potential antitumor effects. 19 9 11 15 10 26 7 21 13 12

Conclusion

Ethacrynic acid holds promise as a potential treatment for glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. 23 6 However, corneal side effects, while mitigated by adducts and acetylcysteine pretreatment, remain a concern. 23 Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and optimize the use of ethacrynic acid and its derivatives, ensuring both efficacy and safety. 8 6 If you have glaucoma or other medical concerns, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. 5

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
5
Article Type
1
0
0
0
29
4.

Inhibitory effects of ethacrynic acid analogues lacking the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl unit and para-acylated phenols on human cancer cells.

Author: BryantZack E, JanserRomy F J, JabarkhailMedina, Candelaria-LyonsMelissa S, RomeroBrittni B, Van slambrouckSeverine, SteelantWim F A, JanserIngo

Cancer cell migration inhibition
Lack of inhibitory effect
Limited efficacy

Ethacrynic acid analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the migration of human breast and prostate cancer cells. While some analogues showed no inhibitory effect, a precursor in the synthesis process (II-1) was a potent inhibitor of cancer cell migration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

The pleiotropic effects of ethacrynic acid.

Author: SombergJohn C, MolnarJanos

Chemotherapy resistance reduction
Glaucoma treatment

Ethacrynic acid has potential applications beyond its diuretic effects, including reducing chemotherapy resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Effects of the new ethacrynic acid oxime derivative SA12590 on intraocular pressure in cats and monkeys.

Author: ShimazakiAtsushi, KiriharaTomoko, RaoPonugoti Vasantha, TajimaHisashi, MatsugiTakeshi, EpsteinDavid Lee

Ocular hypotensive effect

SA12590, a new oxime-derivative of the ethacrynic acid (ECA) derivative SA9000, was found to have ocular hypotensive effects in cats and monkeys without corneal toxicity. SA12590 may be a potential new ocular hypotensive drug.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Effects of novel ethacrynic acid derivatives on human trabecular meshwork cell shape, actin cytoskeletal organization, and transcellular fluid flow.

Author: RaoPonugoti Vasantha, ShimazakiAtsushi, IchikawaMasaki, Franse-CarmanLinda, AlvaradoJorge A, EpsteinDavid L

Ocular hypotensive efficacy

This study evaluated the ocular hypotensive activity of new ethacrynic acid (ECA) derivatives of the 8,000 and 9,000 series, compared to ECA, ticrynafen, and other analogs. Compounds of the 9,000 series were found to be significantly more potent than ECA and ticrynafen in terms of inducing cell shape alterations, decreasing actin stress fiber content, and eliciting decreases in cellular focal adhesions. These findings suggest that the SA9,000 series compounds may be promising novel ocular hypotensive drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of the new ethacrynic acid derivative SA9000 on intraocular pressure in cats and monkeys.

Author: ShimazakiAtsushi, IchikawaMasaki, RaoPonugoti Vasantha, KiriharaTomoko, KonomiKouji, EpsteinDavid Lee, HaraHideaki

Reduced intraocular pressure

This study investigates a new drug, SA9000, which reduces pressure in the eye. It shows promise as a safe and effective treatment for eye pressure, with minimal side effects and no toxicity to the eye. However, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of ethacrynic acid on Schlemm's canal inner wall and outflow facility in human eyes.

Author: EthierC R, ColomaF M

The relationship between inner wall pore characteristics of Schlemm's canal and aqueous outflow facility was investigated in human eyes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Effects of ethacrynic acid on intraocular pressure of anesthetized rats.

Author: SearlesR V, JohnsonM, ShikherV, BalabanC D, SeversW B

Lowers IOP

ECA markedly blunted the BSS-induced rise in IOP. The well-known effects of ECA on the trabecular meshwork, alone, are insufficient to explain the dynamic changes in IOP observed in this model.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

12.

Topical gentamicin and ethacrynic acid: effects on cochlear function.

Author: ConlonB J, McSwainS D, SmithD W

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity

This study found that ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, does not potentiate the ototoxicity of gentamicin when applied topically on the round window. This finding suggests that topical gentamicin can be safely used in combination with loop diuretics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

16.

A comparison of the effects of inhaled furosemide and ethacrynic acid on sodium-metabisulfite-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma.

Author: PyeS, PavordI, WildingP, BennettJ, KnoxA, TattersfieldA

Asthma treatment

Equivalent diuretic doses of furosemide and ethacrynic acid were found to have similar inhibitory effects on sodium metabisulfite-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with mild asthma, suggesting that interaction with the Na/K/Cl cotransporter protein or carbonic anhydrase inhibition is not the primary mechanism for furosemide's effects in asthma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Functional implications from the effects of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid on efflux routes for methotrexate and cholate in L1210 cells.

Author: HendersonG B, HughesT R, SaxenaM

Drug efflux inhibition

This study investigated the ability of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid to inhibit efflux routes in L1210 cells. CDNB was found to be a moderate inhibitor of both system I and system II.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Effects of topical ethacrynic acid ointment vs timolol on intraocular pressure in glaucomatous monkey eyes.

Author: WangR F, PodosS M, SerleJ B, LeeP Y, NeufeldA H, DeschenesR

Reduced intraocular pressure
Conjunctival hyperemia
Corneal erosion
Eyelid edema

Ethacrynic acid (ECA) ointment was found to effectively reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous monkey eyes. The study involved four glaucomatous monkey eyes. In a 5-day study, 2.5% ECA ointment had the greatest effect on lowering IOP, with a maximum reduction of 8.5 +/- 2.9 mm Hg. In a 30-day study, 1.5% ECA ointment reduced IOP as much as 11.5 +/- 3.7 mmHg, comparable to 0.5% timolol maleate administered twice daily.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Ethacrynic acid: outflow effects and toxicity in human trabecular meshwork in perfusion organ culture.

Author: JohnsonD H, TschumperR C

Lower intraocular pressure
Low therapeutic index
Short-term effect
Trabecular cell damage

Ethacrynic acid is effective in temporarily lowering intraocular pressure in the human eye, but a low therapeutic index may limit its clinical usefulness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

Effects of verapamil, ouabain, and ethacrynic acid on calcium retention in perfused rat kidneys.

Author: BikhaziA B, Medlej-HashimM, el-KastiM

Calcium retention in kidney

Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, increased renal calcium retention in a rat kidney perfusion model, suggesting the presence of two sodium-dependent calcium-transporting systems in the kidney tubules.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Effects of topical ethacrynic acid adducts on intraocular pressure in rabbits and monkeys.

Author: TingeyD P, SchroederA, EpsteinM P, EpsteinD L

Glaucoma treatment
Lower intraocular pressure
Corneal edema
Epithelial sloughing

Topical ethacrynic acid, a diuretic, effectively lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits and monkeys but causes corneal edema. Combining ethacrynic acid with cysteine reduced corneal side effects, while pretreatment with acetylcysteine further reduced these effects without compromising the pressure-lowering effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

26.

Mechanisms involved in the effects of phenidone, diclofenac and ethacrynic acid in rat uterus in vitro.

Author: Pérez VallinaJ R, CantabranaB, HidalgoA

Inhibits contractions of rat uterus
N/A

Phenidone, sodium diclofenac, and ethacrynic acid are three drugs that have been proposed as inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis. In a study of rat uteri, all three drugs inhibited the contractions induced by oxytocin, methacholine, prostaglandin F2a, and CaCl2.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Organic acids do not alter the cochlear effects of ethacrynic acid.

Author: RybakL P, WhitworthC, ScottV

Reduced ototoxicity

Ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, was tested in chinchillas. Pretreatment with organic acid transport inhibitors reduced the ototoxicity of furosemide in previous studies. However, in this study, no protective effect was observed for ethacrynic acid. This suggests that furosemide and ethacrynic acid have different mechanisms of action on the cochlea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

28.

Quinine reduces noxious cochlear effects of furosemide and ethacrynic acid.

Author: RybakL P, WhitworthC

Reduced cochlear toxicity
Nonspecific membrane changes

Quinine attenuated the cochlear effects of furosemide and ethacrynic acid in chinchillas. Quinine may reduce the uptake of loop diuretics in the cochlea, thereby reducing their toxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

29.

Effects of ureteral occlusion and ethacrynic acid infusion on renal prostaglandin degradation in the dog.

Author: BuggeJ F, StokkeE S, DahlE, KiilF

Ethacrynic acid redistributes PGE2 output
No significant risks mentioned

Degradation of PGE2 and PGI2 is mainly confined to the blood vessels. Ethacrynic acid does not prevent degradation of PGE2 but redistributes PGE2 output from urine to renal venous blood.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.