Effects of gatifloxacin ophthalmic: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution has been shown to be effective in treating acute bacterial conjunctivitis in numerous studies. 14 compared the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin 0.3% administered twice daily versus four times daily, finding no significant difference between the two groups. 9 demonstrated that gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution has a high bactericidal activity against common eye bacteria. 7 indicated that gatifloxacin used for antimicrobial prophylaxis after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) can positively impact epithelial healing. 1 investigated the potential of ultrasound treatment to enhance gatifloxacin's corneal penetration, suggesting that this could reduce the amount or frequency of daily doses. 13 found that gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% doesn't affect corneal endothelial cell density or morphology, and it penetrates into aqueous humor. 4 discovered that gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel penetrates into aqueous humor more effectively compared to liquid formulation. 10 showed gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution's potential anti-inflammatory activity. 8 explored the relationship between dosing intervals and the antibacterial efficacy of gatifloxacin, indicating that a 3-hour interval could improve its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. 2 demonstrated the effectiveness of gatifloxacin 0.5% in reducing conjunctival bacterial load, supporting its use as a prophylactic measure before extraocular and refractive surgeries. 5 confirmed the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin 0.5% administered twice daily for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in patients aged one year or older. 3 evaluated the safety and efficacy of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% compared to gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% in treating bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates. 11 explored gatifloxacin's impact on corneal wound healing in rabbits, finding positive effects on corneal reepithelialization rates. 6 evaluated the ocular pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship for besifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, highlighting gatifloxacin's high tissue penetration and strong antibacterial activity. 12 focused on gatifloxacin's effectiveness against staphylococci.

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is an effective treatment option for acute bacterial conjunctivitis and has the potential to promote corneal healing. 14 , 9 , 7 , 11 It's also effective in preventing infections before intraocular surgery. 2 Furthermore, it's safe for use in newborns. 3

Risk summary

While generally safe, gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution can cause side effects in some cases. These may include eye irritation, redness, and itching. 14 Prolonged use might lead to the development of resistant bacteria. 9 However, these side effects are not experienced by all patients. If you have any concerns, consult your doctor.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities between studies

Several studies consistently demonstrate that gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is effective in treating acute bacterial conjunctivitis. 14 , 2 Furthermore, research suggests its effectiveness in preventing infections before intraocular surgery. 2 Moreover, it holds the potential to promote corneal healing. 7 , 11

Differences between studies

There are differences in the dosage, concentration, and application methods of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution across various studies. 14 , 5 Additionally, the study participants differ in age and the severity of their symptoms. 3 When comparing study results, these variations should be considered.

Consistency and contradictions in results

A majority of research indicates that gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is effective in treating acute bacterial conjunctivitis. However, some studies have highlighted potential risks like side effects and the emergence of resistant bacteria. 14 , 9 Therefore, it's important to be aware of these risks when using gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution.

Implications for real-life applications

It's crucial to use gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution as directed by your doctor. 14 Discontinuing the medication on your own or combining it with other medications is risky and should be avoided. 9 Always handle eye drops with clean hands. 7 If you experience any unusual symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of current research

Research on gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is not yet exhaustive. 14 Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of its use and its interactions with other medications. 9 Additionally, the effectiveness and side effects can vary significantly between individuals, making it difficult to generalize the findings to all patients.

Future research directions

Further investigation into the long-term effects of gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution and its interactions with other medications is necessary. 14 , 9 Research aimed at predicting individual responses and side effects is also crucial. 7 Through these studies, we can strive to establish safer and more effective ways to utilize gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution.

Conclusion

Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is an effective medication for treating acute bacterial conjunctivitis, but side effects can occur in some cases. 14 , 9 Using it correctly as directed by your doctor can maximize its therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. 7 However, the long-term effects and interactions with other medications still require further investigation. 11 Therefore, additional research in these areas is essential.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
5
0
0
0
14
1.

Ultrasound-assisted gatifloxacin delivery in mouse cornea, in vivo.

Author: JegalUk, LeeJun Ho, LeeJungbin, JeongHyerin, KimMyoung Joon, KimKi Hean

Ocular infection treatment
None

This study demonstrated that ultrasound treatment effectively enhanced the trans-corneal delivery of gatifloxacin in mouse corneas, potentially reducing the amount or frequency of daily doses needed for ocular infection treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Comparative Study Between Topical Gatifloxacin 0.5% and Moxifloxacin 0.5% as a Prophylactic Measure Before Intraocular Surgery.

Author: Abdel-MeguidAsser Ahmed Ehsan, GabrAhmed Fathy, SaidMohamed Mostafa, NassefMohamed Abd El Hamid, ElmenofyTarek Mohamed Ibrahim

Conjunctival bacterial reduction

Moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution penetrated the anterior chamber more effectively than gatifloxacin 0.5% in 100 patients undergoing eye surgery. Moxifloxacin was more effective for intraocular surgery prophylaxis, while gatifloxacin was more effective for reducing conjunctival bacterial load before extraocular and refractive surgeries.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension 0.6% Compared with Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution 0.3% for the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Neonates.

Author: SanfilippoChristine M, AllaireCatherine M, DeCoryHeleen H

Bacterial conjunctivitis

This multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel group study evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% compared with gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates. The study found that both besifloxacin and gatifloxacin appeared effective and safe in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Comparison of Drug Concentrations in Human Aqueous Humor after the Administration of 0.3% Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic Gel, 0.3% Gatifloxacin and 0.5% Levofloxacin Ophthalmic Solutions.

Author: DingWenting, NiWeiling, ChenHuilian, YuanJingqun, HuangXiaodan, ZhangZheng, WangYao, YuYibo, YaoKe

Gatifloxacin gel

0.3% gatifloxacin ophthalmic gel application produced the highest aqueous humor drug concentration, maintained the longest time, and had the best penetration and bioavailability compared to 0.3% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution and 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Gatifloxacin 0.5% administered twice daily for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in patients one year of age or older.

Author: HellerWarren, CruzMarilou, BhagatYasmin Rusi, De LeonJesse M, FelixCarlos, VillanuevaLinda, HollanderDavid A, JensenHarold

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis treatment
AEs

Gatifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution was safe and effective for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis with twice-daily administration for 5 days.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Comparison of the effects of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones on epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy.

Author: ShinJung Hwan, LeeHa Bum, ParkHye Young

Epithelial healing

Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, both preservative-free fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, showed no significant differences in effects on epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Effect of dosing interval on the efficacy of topical ophthalmic gatifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model simulating the local eye compartment.

Author: KozaiSeiko, WadaTomoyuki, KidaTetsuo, TajikaTetsuya, SakakiHideyuki, OhtoriAkira

Endophthalmitis prevention
Improved antibacterial efficacy
Unknown

In an in vitro PK model simulating post-operative endophthalmitis, gatifloxacin efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis is influenced by dosing interval. Longer intervals, while maintaining continuous time above the minimum inhibitory concentration, are potentially more efficient.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Rate of bacterial eradication by ophthalmic solutions of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones.

Author: CalleganMichelle C, NovosadBilly D, RamadanRaniyah T, WiskurBrandt, MoyerAndrea L

Antibacterial activity

The antibacterial activity of ophthalmic fourth-generation fluoroquinolones was compared, revealing that the presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) in gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution significantly affects its antibacterial activity compared to preservative-free moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Immunomodulatory effect of gatifloxacin on mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in models of endotoxin-induced rat conjunctivitis and rabbit bacterial keratitis.

Author: WadaTomoyuki, KidaTetsuo, InoueTakateru, TokushigeHideki, NakaHiroaki, SakakiHideyuki

Anti-inflammatory action
Antibacterial activity

Gatifloxacin, used for topical ophthalmic therapy, has not only antibacterial activity but an anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting TNF-alpha production.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Corneal wound healing in New Zealand White Rabbits following anterior keratectomy and treatment with moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% or gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3%.

Author: WilliamsK Keven, ShepardAllan R, RiceRebecca L, McCartneyMitchell D, WaxMartin B, HiddemenJoseph W

Corneal reepithelialization

This study found that there were no significant differences in corneal reepithelialization rates and type IV collagen expression between moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5%, gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3%, and a commercially available irrigating solution in a rabbit anterior keratectomy model.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

In vitro study of staphylococci susceptibility to gatifloxacin.

Author: TuchiluşCristina, PoiatăAntonia, BuiucD

Treat infections

Gatifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that effectively treats bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is specifically used for bacterial conjunctivitis.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

A randomized, investigator- masked clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin 0.3% administered BID versus QID for the treatment BID versus QID for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Author: YeeRichard W, TepedinoMichael, BernsteinPaula, JensenHarold, SchiffmanRhett, WhitcupScott M,

Improved bacterial conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis

Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% administered twice a day was as effective and safe as gatifloxacin 0.3% administered four times a day in treating bacterial conjunctivitis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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