Effects of glycopyrrolate: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Glycopyrrolate has been shown to have a variety of effects in different situations. For example, 6 reported that glycopyrrolate has bronchodilator effects in patients with COPD. 8 suggested that glycopyrrolate may be effective in preventing postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stones. Furthermore, 14 suggested that glycopyrrolate may reduce postoperative pain. However, 10 reported that glycopyrrolate temporarily reduces tear production in dogs. In addition to these findings, glycopyrrolate has been studied for its use in preventing bradycardia during anesthesia induction, 18 potentially slowing down gastrointestinal motility after surgery, 4 and as a treatment for excessive sweating.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Glycopyrrolate has potential benefits in various situations, including bronchodilation in COPD patients, prevention of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort, and reduction of postoperative pain. It may also help prevent bradycardia during anesthesia induction.

Risk Summary

Glycopyrrolate can potentially cause side effects such as decreased tear production, delayed gastrointestinal motility after surgery, and an increase in heart rate.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities between studies

Many studies suggest that glycopyrrolate can be effective in a variety of situations. In particular, glycopyrrolate is considered potentially beneficial for respiratory diseases and reducing pain and discomfort after surgery.

Differences between studies

The effects of glycopyrrolate may vary depending on the disease or condition being targeted. For example, 10 reported that glycopyrrolate can temporarily reduce tear production in dogs, while 6 found that it has bronchodilator effects in COPD patients. Therefore, caution is needed as the effects of glycopyrrolate may vary depending on the specific situation.

Consistency and inconsistencies of results

While there is some consistency in the research results regarding the effects of glycopyrrolate, inconsistencies also exist. For example, while some studies suggest that glycopyrrolate can delay gastrointestinal motility after surgery, 4 while others report that glycopyrrolate has no effect on gastrointestinal motility after surgery. 5 These inconsistencies may be due to differences in research methods, patient populations, or other factors. Further research is needed to clarify the safety and efficacy of glycopyrrolate.

Precautions for real-life application

While glycopyrrolate may have potential benefits in various situations, it is important to note that it can also cause side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with a doctor or pharmacist before using glycopyrrolate and to follow the prescribed dosage and usage instructions. It is particularly important to consult with a doctor before using glycopyrrolate during pregnancy or breastfeeding, or if you have any specific medical conditions.

Limitations of current research

Current research on glycopyrrolate is still insufficient. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of glycopyrrolate, its effects on different diseases, and the details of its side effects.

Future research directions

Future research on glycopyrrolate should focus on understanding its long-term effects, its efficacy against different diseases, and the details of its side effects. Research on optimal administration methods and dosages for glycopyrrolate is also essential.

Conclusion

Glycopyrrolate is a drug with potential benefits in various situations but also potential side effects. Therefore, it is important to consult with a doctor or pharmacist before using glycopyrrolate and to follow the prescribed dosage and usage instructions. Further research on glycopyrrolate is necessary to clarify its safety and effectiveness. We encourage you to discuss any concerns or questions you have about glycopyrrolate with your doctor.

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
0
0
0
19
1.

Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular combinations of hydromorphone, acepromazine, dexmedetomidine, and glycopyrrolate followed by intravenous propofol and inhalant isoflurane anesthesia in healthy dogs.

Author: KramerBrittany M, HectorRachel C, RezendeMarlis L, HessAnn M, MamaKhursheed R

Acceptable cardiopulmonary function

In healthy dogs, intramuscular administration of a combination of hydromorphone, acepromazine, dexmedetomidine, and glycopyrrolate (HADG) before propofol and isoflurane anesthesia provided acceptable cardiopulmonary function with no adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryRandomized controlled trials involving animals. They evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.

Language : English

3.

Effects of (a Combination of) the Beta<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonist Indacaterol and the Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist Glycopyrrolate on Intrapulmonary Airway Constriction.

Author: MaarsinghHarm, OldenburgerAnouk, HanBing, ZuidhofAnnet B, ElzingaCarolina R S, TimensWim, MeursHerman, SopiRamadan B, SchmidtMartina

Enhanced COPD treatment
Improved bronchodilation

This study investigates the differential expression of bronchodilatory β2-adrenoceptors and bronchoconstrictive muscarinic M3-receptors in large and small airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study demonstrates that the bronchoprotective effects of indacaterol, a β2-agonist, and glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic, differ between large and small airways.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Neuromuscular blockade reversal with sugammadex versus pyridostigmine/glycopyrrolate in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial of effects on postoperative gastrointestinal motility.

Author: AnJihyun, NohHeeyun, KimEunju, LeeJihyang, WooKyeongyoon, KimHyunkyum

GI motility recovery
impede bowel movements

This study compared the effects of sugammadex, a selective relaxant reversal agent, with pyridostigmine and glycopyrrolate on gastrointestinal (GI) motility recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sugammadex demonstrated a faster recovery of GI motility compared to the traditional combination of pyridostigmine and glycopyrrolate.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

A randomized study using functional respiratory imaging to characterize bronchodilator effects of glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate delivered by a metered dose inhaler using co-suspension delivery technology in patients with COPD.

Author: De BackerWilfried, De BackerJan, VosWim, VerlindenIlse, Van HolsbekeCedric, ClukersJohan, HajianBita, SiddiquiShahid, JenkinsMartin, ReisnerColin, MartinUbaldo J

Improved FEV1
Improved airway resistance
Improved airway volume
None reported

Glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate delivered by a metered dose inhaler significantly improved airway volume and resistance in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone and in combination with MK-467 or glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane.

Author: SallaKati M, TunsCosmin I, BennettRachel C, RaekallioMarja R, ScheininMika, KuuselaErja, VainioOuti M

Hemodynamic change alleviation

This study compared the cardiovascular effects of premedication with medetomidine alone, with MK-467, or after glycopyrrolate in dogs subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane. The study found that MK-467 alleviated medetomidine-induced hemodynamic changes in a dose-dependent manner.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Effects of glycopyrrolate premedication on preventing postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients receiving ureteroscopic removal of ureter stone.

Author: KimJin A, MinJin Hye, LeeHong Sik, JoHyong Rae, JeUi Jin, PaekJin Hyub

CRBD prevention

This study investigates the effectiveness of glycopyrrolate as premedication on preventing catheter-related bladder discomfort in the post-anesthesia care unit.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of sugammadex vs. pyridostigmine-glycopyrrolate on post-operative nausea and vomiting: propensity score matching.

Author: LeeO H, ChoiG J, KangH, BaekC W, JungY H, WooY C, OhJ, ParkY H

Less antiemetics
Reduced PONV

Sugammadex was found to be more beneficial for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) than pyridostigmine-glycopyrrolate mixture in patients who received opioid-based IV-PCA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Effects of intramuscular injection of glycopyrrolate on Schirmer tear test I results in dogs.

Author: DoeringClinton J, LukasikVictoria M, MeridethReuben E

Decreased tear production

Glycopyrrolate administered intramuscularly to dogs causes a clinically relevant, transient decrease in aqueous tear production, decreasing Schirmer tear test I measurements by 67.4% ± 15.4% for up to 24 hours.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

A comparative study of effects of glycopyrrolate and ondansetron on nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Author: JainRagi, SharmaRashmi

Reduced nausea and vomiting

This study compared the antiemetic effects of ondansetron and glycopyrrolate in women undergoing cesarean section.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Haemodynamic effects of glycopyrrolate pre-treatment before phenylephrine infusion during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.

Author: Ngan KeeW D, LeeS W Y, KhawK S, NgF F

Cardiac output increase
Labile blood pressure

Glycopyrrolate pre-treatment attenuated the decrease in heart rate induced by phenylephrine during spinal anesthesia for caesarean delivery, but had no significant effect on blood pressure control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.

Author: DonnellanC M B, PageP C, NurtonJ P, van den BergJ S, GuthrieA J

Piroplasmosis treatment
Colic
Diarrhea
Ileus

Imidocarb, a treatment for piroplasmosis, can cause colic and diarrhea in horses. Atropine and glycopyrrolate, anticholinergics, could reduce the adverse effects of imidocarb, but they can also inhibit gastrointestinal motility.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

The effects of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate on skin conductance as a measure of pain.

Author: LedowskiThomas, PreussJames, SchugStephan A

Pain assessment bias

Skin conductance-based assessment of pain is affected by reversal agents, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The cardiorespiratory effects of a fentanyl infusion following acepromazine and glycopyrrolate in dogs.

Author: LemmensSuzanne, StienenPeter J, JaramilloLilia Goyenechea, DoornenbalArie, HellebrekersLudo J

Analgesia in dogs
Safe fentanyl use
Decreased heart rate
Lowered body temperature

Fentanyl, a mu-opioid analgesic, was investigated for its safety in healthy dogs during routine veterinary practice using limited monitoring. The study found that fentanyl, at doses typically used for pain relief, did not significantly affect respiration rate or oxygen saturation, but it did decrease heart rate and core body temperature. The authors concluded that fentanyl can be safely administered to healthy dogs under these conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

A comparative study of the haemodynamic effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate at induction of anaesthesia in children.

Author: DesaluI, KushimoO T, BodeC O

Prevented reduced cardiac output
Arrhythmias
Tachycardia

This study compared the effects of intravenous atropine and glycopyrrolate, anticholinergics, on haemodynamic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in children receiving halothane and suxamethonium. The study found that both atropine and glycopyrrolate prevented bradycardia but glycopyrrolate resulted in fewer cardiac arrhythmias.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Effects of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate on pulmonary resistance in spinal cord injury.

Author: RadulovicMiroslav, SpungenAnn M, WechtJill M, KorstenMark A, SchileroGregory J, BaumanWilliam A, LesserMarvin

Facilitates bowel evacuation
Increased colonic tone
Bronchospasm

Neostigmine, a drug used to increase colonic tone and facilitate bowel evacuation in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), can cause bronchoconstriction as a side effect. This study found that administering neostigmine with glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic drug, effectively counteracts this bronchoconstriction and leads to bronchodilation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

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