Effects of glycopyrrolate oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Several studies have investigated the effects of glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic drug, on various aspects of health. 1 found that adding glycopyrronium to patients with severe COPD resulted in improved lung function, specifically increased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and inspiratory capacity (IC), and improved walking distance. demonstrated that inhaled glycopyrronium significantly increased specific airway conductance (SGaw) and forced expiratory flows in healthy subjects, indicating bronchodilation. Furthermore, 2 showed that nebulized glycopyrrolate effectively reduced posterior drooling in patients with brain injuries, including stroke and cerebral palsy.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Glycopyrrolate has shown potential benefits in improving lung function and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. It also demonstrated effectiveness in managing posterior drooling in patients with brain injuries. 1 , , 2

Risks Summary

Glycopyrrolate generally has fewer side effects compared to atropine, with less dry mouth and increased heart rate. , 14 , 6 However, it's important to note that glycopyrrolate may not be suitable for everyone and can cause side effects. Therefore, it's crucial to use it under the guidance of a medical professional.

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities Across Studies

Multiple studies consistently show that glycopyrrolate improves lung function and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD, while also having fewer side effects compared to atropine. 1 , , 14

Differences Across Studies

The studies vary in their populations, methodologies, and glycopyrrolate administration methods. 1 , , 14 , 2 Therefore, directly comparing the results is challenging.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While multiple studies indicate that glycopyrrolate improves lung function and exercise tolerance, the differences in study designs and populations make direct comparisons difficult. 1 , , 14 , 2 Further research is needed to better understand the full scope of glycopyrrolate's effects.

Implications for Everyday Life

Glycopyrrolate holds potential for improving the quality of life for patients with COPD and those experiencing posterior drooling due to brain injuries. 1 , , 2 However, it's crucial to consult with a doctor to determine if glycopyrrolate is suitable for individual circumstances and to ensure safe and effective use.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on glycopyrrolate is still limited. 1 , , 14 , 2 Further research is needed to assess its long-term effects and safety.

Future Research Directions

More research is necessary to understand the long-term effects and safety of glycopyrrolate, as well as its efficacy across diverse patient populations. 1 , , 14 , 2 Research on its combined effects with other therapies is also essential.

Conclusion

Glycopyrrolate shows promise in improving lung function and exercise tolerance in COPD patients and managing posterior drooling in patients with brain injuries. 1 , , 2 However, it's important to note that glycopyrrolate may not be suitable for everyone and can cause side effects. Therefore, consult with a doctor to determine if glycopyrrolate is right for you and to ensure safe and effective use. Further research is needed to fully understand the benefits and risks of glycopyrrolate.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
8
0
0
2
15
1.

Effect of adding roflumilast or ciclesonide to glycopyrronium on lung volumes and exercise tolerance in patients with severe COPD: A pilot study.

Author: RoglianiPaola, OraJosuel, PuxedduErmanno, CalzettaLuigino, CavalliFrancesco, MateraMaria Gabriella, CazzolaMario

COPD treatment
exercise tolerance
lung volume increase

This study investigated the effects of adding roflumilast or ciclesonide to glycopyrronium in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study found that glycopyrronium alone significantly improved lung function and exercise tolerance. Adding roflumilast or ciclesonide did not provide additional benefits.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

The Effect of Nebulized Glycopyrrolate on Posterior Drooling in Patients with Brain Injury: Two Cases of Different Brain Lesions.

Author: LeeZee-Ihn, YuKwang Jae, LeeDae Hee, HongSeong Kyung, WooSeung Beom, KimJong Min, ParkDonghwi

Nebulized glycopyrrolate efficacy
Posterior drooling treatment

Nebulized glycopyrrolate is a promising non-invasive treatment for posterior drooling, which can lead to respiratory complications. This study reports two cases of posterior drooling successfully treated with nebulized glycopyrrolate, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective option for patients with impaired cognition or swallowing difficulties.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Pharmacokinetics of Glycopyrronium Following Repeated Once-Daily Inhalation in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Author: SechaudRomain, MachineniSurendra, TillmannHanns-Christian, HaraHisanori, TanXuemei, ZhaoRong, RenShuang, HouJie

Multiple inhaled doses of glycopyrronium were safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Randomized study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and bronchodilatory efficacy of a proprietary glycopyrronium metered-dose inhaler in study patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: RennardStephen, FogartyCharles, ReisnerColin, FernandezCarlos, FischerTracy, GoldenMichael, RoseEarl St, DarkenPatrick, TardieGregory, OrevilloChadwick

Asthma treatment
COPD treatment

Bronchodilators are medications that help to open up the airways in the lungs. They are commonly used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are the most common way to deliver bronchodilators to patients. This article discusses the development of new MDIs that use a technology called porous-particle technology. This technology allows for the development of long-acting bronchodilators that can be delivered in a convenient and efficient way.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effect of cimetidine, a model drug for inhibition of the organic cation transport (OCT2/MATE1) in the kidney, on the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium.

Author: DumitrasSwati, SechaudRomain, DrollmannAnton, PalParasar, VaidyanathanSivakumar, CamenischGian, KaiserGuenther

Safe and well-tolerated

This study investigated the effect of organic cation transporter inhibition on inhaled glycopyrronium disposition using cimetidine as a probe inhibitor. Inhalation of glycopyrronium in the presence of cimetidine resulted in an increase in total systemic exposure of glycopyrronium by 22%. No relevant drug interaction is expected when glycopyrronium is co-administered with cimetidine or other inhibitors of the organic cation transport.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Glycopyrrolate causes prolonged bronchoprotection and bronchodilatation in patients with asthma.

Author: HanselTrevor T, NeighbourHelen, ErinEdward M, TanAndrew J, TennantRachel C, MausJoachim G, BarnesPeter J

Bronchodilation

Inhaled anticholinergic drugs are effective bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD. Tiotropium bromide is a once-daily bronchodilator used for maintenance treatment. Racemic glycopyrrolate is another anticholinergic drug that has been studied for use in asthma and COPD.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

A comparative study of the haemodynamic effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate at induction of anaesthesia in children.

Author: DesaluI, KushimoO T, BodeC O

Prevented reduced cardiac output
Arrhythmias
Tachycardia

This study compared the effects of intravenous atropine and glycopyrrolate, anticholinergics, on haemodynamic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in children receiving halothane and suxamethonium. The study found that both atropine and glycopyrrolate prevented bradycardia but glycopyrrolate resulted in fewer cardiac arrhythmias.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Effects of anticholinergics on postoperative vomiting, recovery, and hospital stay in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.

Author: ChhibberA K, LustikS J, ThakurR, FranciscoD R, FicklingK B

Reduced vomiting

This study evaluated the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on postoperative vomiting in children.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Preoperative glycopyrrolate: oral, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.

Author: BernsteinC A, WatersJ H, TorjmanM C, RitterD

Reduced oral and gastric secretions

Preoperative glycopyrrolate administered intravenously immediately before induction is significantly more effective at reducing oral and gastric secretions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Is premedication with oral glycopyrrolate as effective as oral atropine in attenuating cardiovascular depression in infants receiving halothane for induction of anesthesia?

Author: CartabukeR S, DavidsonP J, WarnerL O

Reduced bradycardia
Flushing

Glycopyrrolate was significantly less effective than atropine in attenuating bradycardia during induction of anesthesia with halothane-N2O in infants and children, with neither drug altering the incidence or degree of hypotension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Glycopyrrolate: pharmacokinetics and some pharmacodynamic findings.

Author: Ali-MelkkiläT, KailaT, KantoJ

Glycopyrrolate, a quaternary amine with peripheral antimuscarinic activity, was studied using a radioreceptor assay. The drug was rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection, but oral administration was not effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Pharmacokinetic implications for the clinical use of atropine, scopolamine and glycopyrrolate.

Author: KantoJ, KlotzU

Alternative treatment
Fast onset
Pulmonary administration
Age-related sensitivity

Atropine is rapidly absorbed and has a fast onset of action. Age, but not sex, influences its kinetics. Atropine is effectively administered via i.m., oral, and rectal routes. Further research is needed on its metabolism and excretion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

[Prophylaxis and therapy of the acid aspiration syndrome].

Author: EllmauerS

Aspiration syndrome
Broncho-alveolar damage

Several strategies can be used to prevent aspiration syndrome in at-risk patients. Premedication with glycopyrrolate and H2-receptor antagonists, as well as metoclopramide, can reduce gastric volume and increase gastric pH. A rapid sequence induction with manual compression of the esophagus (Sellick maneuver) can prevent gastric regurgitation.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

14.

Glycopyrrolate and atropine inhalation: comparative effects on normal airway function.

Author: GalT J, SurattP M, LuJ Y

Bronchodilation
Long duration

Glycopyrrolate effectively induced bronchodilation in normal subjects, lasting for over six hours, unlike atropine which caused side effects like tachycardia and dry mouth.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effect of inhaled glycopyrrolate and atropine in asthma. Precipitated by exercise and cold air inhalation.

Author: JohnsonB E, SurattP M, GalT J, WilhoitS C

Improves pulmonary function
Dry mouth
Flushing
Tachycardia

Glycopyrrolate and atropine did not prevent bronchoconstriction induced by exercise and cold air, but both drugs improved postexercise pulmonary function. However, glycopyrrolate had minimal side effects compared to atropine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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