Side Effects of l-glutamine: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of l-glutamine: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

L-glutamine is a versatile amino acid found in many foods and supplements, and it’s generally considered safe. Research suggests that L-glutamine can have various health benefits. For instance, it has been approved as a treatment for sickle cell disease ( 24 ) and may help reduce infections in trauma and surgery patients ( 21 ). Additionally, studies suggest it might be beneficial in mitigating chemotherapy-induced mucositis ( 15 ). However, like any substance, L-glutamine can have side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

While L-glutamine is generally considered safe, some individuals may experience side effects. The exact reasons for these side effects are not fully understood, as the metabolic pathway of L-glutamine and its mechanism of action in the body are still being investigated.

Common Side Effects

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain has been reported in patients with sickle cell disease who were administered L-glutamine ( 4 ).

Nausea

Nausea has been reported in patients with sickle cell disease who were administered L-glutamine ( 4 ).

Diarrhea

Diarrhea has been reported in patients with sickle cell disease who were administered L-glutamine ( 4 ).

Side Effect Countermeasures

Abdominal Pain

If you experience abdominal pain, consult your doctor. You may need to adjust your L-glutamine dosage or be prescribed other medications.

Nausea

If you experience nausea, try eating small meals. Staying hydrated is also crucial.

Diarrhea

If you experience diarrhea, drink plenty of fluids. Taking an over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication might also be helpful.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies indicate that L-glutamine is generally safe and effective, but some individuals may experience side effects.

Differences Between Studies

The effects and side effects of L-glutamine may vary depending on the research subject and methods. It’s important to note that individual responses can differ, and research results might not apply to everyone. It’s best to consult your doctor before taking L-glutamine.

Notes on Real-life Applications

L-glutamine is naturally present in many foods and can also be found in supplements. When consuming L-glutamine, be mindful of potential overconsumption. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use and talk to your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

The metabolic pathway of L-glutamine and its mechanism of action in the body are still not fully understood. More research is needed to determine its long-term safety and efficacy.

Future Research Directions

To better understand L-glutamine’s role in the body, further research is essential. This includes investigating its metabolic pathway, mechanism of action, and long-term safety. Conducting clinical trials would also be beneficial to assess the efficacy of L-glutamine in different populations and for various conditions.

Conclusion

L-glutamine is a promising amino acid that may offer several health benefits. However, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects, especially abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. If you experience any adverse reactions, consult your doctor. Further research is needed to better understand the safety and efficacy of L-glutamine in the long term.

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
4
0
1
6
24
1.

Concomitant administration of vitamin E does not change the side effects of isotretinoin as used in acne vulgaris: a randomized trial.

Author: StraussJ S, GottliebA B, JonesT, KooJ Y, LeydenJ J, LuckyA, PappasA A, McLaneJ, LeachE E

No improvement in retinoid side effects

Vitamin E did not significantly ameliorate retinoid side effects when combined with isotretinoin in the treatment of acne.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Specific gel-cream as adjuvant to oral isotretinoin improved hydration and prevented TEWL increase--a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Author: HeraneMaría Isabel, FuenzalidaHéctor, ZegpiEmilia, De PabloCarolina, EspadasMaria José, TrullásCarles, MiradaAlfons, MartinGuillermo González

Improved acne

The specific gel-cream with active products as an adjuvant to oral isotretinoin improved hydration, prevented TEWL increase, and reduced inflammatory acne lesions after 30 days.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Side effects of common acne treatments.

Author: TripathiShivani V, GustafsonCheryl J, HuangKaren E, FeldmanSteven R

Acne treatment
Diverse treatment options
Potential side effects
Side effects

Many treatments exist for acne, including topical medications, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and light/laser therapies. While these treatments have benefits, it's crucial for healthcare providers to be aware of both common and serious side effects to ensure safe use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Recent Advances in Sickle-Cell Disease Therapies: A Review of Voxelotor, Crizanlizumab, and L-glutamine.

Author: MigotskyMichael, BeestrumMolly, BadawySherif M

Hemoglobin increase
Pain crisis reduction
SCD treatment
Infusion reactions
Insurance denial
Intolerability

This article reviews post-approval studies of crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and L-glutamine for sickle-cell disease (SCD). All three medications have shown promise in reducing pain crises and improving other SCD-related symptoms. However, barriers to access such as insurance approval and cost remain significant challenges.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Sulforaphane exposure impairs contractility and mitochondrial function in three-dimensional engineered heart tissue.

Author: RhodenAlexandra, FriedrichFelix W, BrandtTheresa, RaabeJanice, SchweizerMichaela, MeisterknechtJana, WittigIlka, UlmerBärbel M, KlampeBirgit, UebelerJune, PiaseckiAngelika, LorenzKristina, EschenhagenThomas, HansenArne, CuelloFriederike

Cancer treatment
Neurological disorder treatment
Cardiotoxicity
Mitochondrial dysfunction

This study investigated the impact of sulforaphane (SFN) on cardiomyocyte contractile function in cardiac preparations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Bacterial l-asparaginases for cancer therapy: Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Author: GhasemianAbdolmajid, Al-MarzoqiAli-Hussein, Al-AbodiHiba Riyadh, AlghanimiYasemin Khudiar, KadhumSamah Ahmed, Shokouhi MostafaviSeyyed Khalil, FattahiAzam

ALL treatment
Anticancer properties
Lymphosarcoma treatment
Hypersensitivity
Side effects

This study reviewed the use of l-asparaginases, an enzyme with anticancer properties, in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The study highlighted the benefits and limitations of l-asparaginases from different sources, including Escherichia coli, Erwinia species, Streptomyces, and Bacillus subtilis species. Further research is needed to optimize the production and application of l-asparaginases to minimize side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

A Novel l-Asparaginase with low l-Glutaminase Coactivity Is Highly Efficacious against Both T- and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias <i>In Vivo</i>.

Author: NguyenHien Anh, SuYing, ZhangJenny Y, AntanasijevicAleksandar, CaffreyMichael, SchalkAmanda M, LiuLi, RondelliDamiano, OhAnnie, MahmudDolores L, BoslandMaarten C, Kajdacsy-BallaAndre, PeirsSofie, LammensTim, MondelaersVeerle, De MoerlooseBarbara, GoossensSteven, SchlichtMichael J, KabirovKasim K, LyubimovAlexander V, MerrillBradley J, SaunthararajahYogen, Van VlierberghePieter, LavieArnon

ALL treatment
Reduced toxicity

A new l-asparaginase-based therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is less toxic compared with FDA-approved high l-glutaminase enzymes. It was highly efficacious against both T- and B-cell ALL, while displaying reduced acute toxicity features.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

11.

Early Administration of Glutamine Protects Cardiomyocytes from Post-Cardiac Arrest Acidosis.

Author: LinYan-Ren, LiChao-Jui, SyuShih-Han, WenCheng-Hao, BuddhakosaiWaradee, WuHan-Ping, Hsu ChenCheng, LuHuai-En, ChenWen-Liang

Cardiomyocyte protection
Postcardiac arrest survival

This study investigated the effects of early administration of glutamine on survival and cardiomyocyte protection in a rat model of postcardiac arrest acidosis. Glutamine significantly prolonged survival and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved beating function in vitro.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

A diet containing whey protein, free glutamine, and transforming growth factor-beta ameliorates nutritional outcome and intestinal mucositis during repeated chemotherapeutic challenges in rats.

Author: BoukhettalaNabile, IbrahimAyman, AzizMoutaz, VuichoudJacques, SaudanKim-Yen, BlumStéphanie, DéchelottePierre, BreuilléDenis, CoëffierMoïse

Improved nutritional outcome
Reduced mucositis

This study evaluated the effects of Clinutren Protect (CP), a diet containing whey proteins, glutamine, and TGFbeta-rich casein, on nutritional outcome and intestinal mucositis in rats receiving repeated methotrexate (MTX) challenges. CP improved nutritional outcome by limiting the reduction of fat free mass and reduced intestinal mucositis compared to the control diet.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of 60Co gamma-rays on human osteoprogenitor cells.

Author: TomuleasaC I, ForisV, SoriţăuOlga, PállEmöke, Fischer-FodorEva, Lung-IllesV, BrieIoana, VirágPiroska, Perde-SchreplerMaria, PostescuI D, CherecheşGabriela, BarbosOtilia, TatomirCorina

Neoplastic disease treatment
Life-threatening side effects

This study examines the potential therapeutic efficacy of electromagnetic rays in treating the side effects of radiation therapy, which can include tissue complications and bone marrow damage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Peripheral neuropathy: pathogenic mechanisms and alternative therapies.

Author: HeadKathleen A

PN treatment

This review discusses the use of alternative medicine in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy (PN). Alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, benfotiamine, methylcobalamin, and topical capsaicin are among the most well-researched alternative options.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora.

Author: WikmanLinnea E K, KrasotkinaJulya, KuchumovaAnastasia, SokolovNikolay N, PapageorgiouAnastassios C

Lower glutaminase activity
Safer asparaginase administration

Recombinant Erwinia carotovora L-asparaginase was crystallized, paving the way for protein engineering efforts aimed at developing safer asparaginase administration for leukemia treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Probiotics, soluble fiber, and L-Glutamine (GLN) reduce nelfinavir (NFV)- or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-related diarrhea.

Author: HeiserCarla R, ErnstJudith A, BarrettJames Tom, FrenchNeel, SchutzMalte, DubeMichael P

Improved quality of life
Improved treatment durability
Diarrhea
GI side effects

This study assessed the impact of nutritional co-therapies known to reduce diarrhea in HIV-positive men treated with nelfinavir (NFV)- or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-containing regimens.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature.

Author: MillerA L

Cancer treatment support
Trauma and surgery recovery
Tumor growth stimulation

L-glutamine is an essential amino acid with several important functions. It has shown potential for treating trauma, surgery, and cancer patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

22.

Pharmacokinetic study of the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence after oral intensive or repeated short term treatment with two polyamino acid formulations.

Author: MateraM, CastanaR, InsirelloL, LeonardiG

Excitability

Two oral polyamino-acid formulations, packet and flacon, were found to be bioequivalent and had similar bioavailability. A few patients experienced slight increases in excitability.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuate extracellular fluid expansion after a standard stress.

Author: ScheltingaM R, YoungL S, BenfellK, ByeR L, ZieglerT R, SantosA A, AntinJ H, SchloerbP R, WilmoreD W

Prevents fluid retention

Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuated extracellular fluid compartment expansion and reduced infection rates in catabolic patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

24.

Advances in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: New Concepts and Future Horizons.

Author: HigginsTara, MendittoMelissa A, KatartzisStephanie, MatsonKelly L

Sickle cell treatment

This review discusses the FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for sickle cell disease, including hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor, outlining their clinical trials, dosing, interactions, side effects, access, and cost.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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