Side Effects of mechlorethamine topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Topical mechlorethamine has proven effective in treating various skin conditions, including early-stage mycosis fungoides, alopecia areata, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 20 , 18 , 9 . Notably, in early mycosis fungoides, topical mechlorethamine demonstrated a 50% probability of preventing relapse after 6 and 12 years. 20 . In alopecia areata, nine out of eleven patients experienced hair regrowth following topical mechlorethamine treatment, with seven patients achieving cosmetically acceptable regrowth. 18 . In Langerhans cell histiocytosis, topical mechlorethamine showed effectiveness in treating scalp lesions, potentially with reduced side effect risk when applied under occlusion. 11 .

Reason for Side Effects

Mechlorethamine is an alkylating agent that inhibits cell division, and it can affect skin cells, leading to side effects. 20 , 18 .

Common Side Effects

Contact Dermatitis

The most common side effect of topical mechlorethamine is contact dermatitis. 20 , 18 , 21 . This occurs when the skin becomes sensitive to mechlorethamine, causing symptoms like redness, itching, swelling, and blisters. 3 .

Skin Abnormalities

Topical mechlorethamine can cause abnormal changes in the skin. These include hyperpigmentation, urticaria, erythema multiforme-like dermatitis, and, rarely, necrotic ulcers. 14 , 6 . 14 suggests that topical mechlorethamine may induce atypia in skin cells.

Hematologic Side Effects

While topical mechlorethamine can affect blood cells, the risk of side effects is low. 20 , 18 . Hematologic side effects include leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Contact Dermatitis Countermeasures

To prevent contact dermatitis, moisturizing the skin before using topical mechlorethamine is crucial. 4 . Washing the affected area after applying topical mechlorethamine is also recommended. 4 . If contact dermatitis develops, treatment with topical steroids may be required. 3 .

Skin Abnormalities Countermeasures

Consult a doctor if you experience abnormal skin changes due to topical mechlorethamine. Treatment may be necessary.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Across many studies, topical mechlorethamine has demonstrated effectiveness in treating skin conditions such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, alopecia areata, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 20 , 18 , 9 . Moreover, topical mechlorethamine has generally been reported as safe and well-tolerated. 20 , 18 .

Differences Among Studies

Differences exist in the effectiveness and side effects of topical mechlorethamine between studies. For example, 20 highlights its relapse prevention effect, while 18 observed relapse in two patients. The formulation of topical mechlorethamine can also influence outcomes. For instance, 21 indicates that mechlorethamine ointment prepared using an anhydrous method has a lower risk of contact dermatitis compared to conventional formulations.

Considerations for Application in Daily Life

Topical mechlorethamine should be used under the guidance of a doctor. Self-treatment increases the risk of side effects. When using topical mechlorethamine, consulting a doctor and understanding the correct method of use is essential. Due to its strong impact on the skin, caution is advised when using topical mechlorethamine in combination with other medications. If you experience abnormal skin changes while using topical mechlorethamine, consult a doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on topical mechlorethamine remains insufficient. Further research is necessary to understand the long-term effects of topical mechlorethamine. Additionally, more research is needed to identify factors that influence the effectiveness and side effects of topical mechlorethamine.

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term effects and safety of topical mechlorethamine is necessary. Developing new treatments and formulations to enhance the effectiveness of topical mechlorethamine and reduce side effects is also crucial. Further, research investigating the mechanisms by which topical mechlorethamine effectively acts on various skin diseases is important.

Conclusion

Topical mechlorethamine has shown promise in treating certain skin conditions, but it carries the risk of side effects. Consulting a doctor and understanding the correct method of use are essential when using topical mechlorethamine. Further research on topical mechlorethamine is anticipated.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
2
Article Type
0
0
1
3
23
2.

Topical chlormethine gel in the treatment of mycosis fungoides: A single-center real-life experience and systematic review of the literature.

Author: LaghiAlessandro, FranceschiniChiara, MandelVictor Desmond, TeoliMiriam, MusiccoFelice, SansoneMassimo, La MalfaAntonia Marina, ArdigòMarco

MF treatment

Chlormethine gel (CG) has become a prominent treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF). This study evaluated the frequency of CG use for MF treatment and determined its limits and potentialities in a real-world setting. A systematic review of articles, combined with a single-center real-life experience, showed high clinical response rates with good safety and tolerance, supporting CG's versatile use in MF treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

[Necrotic leg ulcers after topical application of chlormethine].

Author: GaryC, GautierV, LazarethI, BagotM, AsgariR, PriolletP

Mycosis fungoides treatment
Leg ulceration

Topical chlormethine (Valchlor

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

7.

[Topical treatment of infections, tumors and hyperkeratotic disorders].

Author: MesserschmidtA, SchultheisK, OchsendorfF

Antibiotic
Antimycotic
Antiparasitic
Antiseptic
Antiviral
Keratolytic
Skin treatment
Side effects

This review discusses substances used for the topical treatment of skin infections, skin tumors, and hyperkeratotic disorders. The review covers antimycotic, antibiotic, antiseptic, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents, as well as substances like diclofenac in hyaluronic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and salicylic acid. The review discusses the mode of action, indication, and side effects of each substance.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

8.

Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides or parapsoriasis.

Author: LindahlL M, Fenger-GronM, IversenL

Mycosis fungoides treatment
Parapsoriasis treatment
Progressive disease
Relapse

Topical nitrogen mustard was a safe and effective treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF) and parapsoriasis, with similar response rates for both conditions. Parapsoriasis may be an early stage of MF.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Old wine in new bottles: reviving old therapies for alopecia areata using rodent models.

Author: TangLiren, SundbergJohn P, LuiHarvey, ShapiroJerry

Effective alopecia areata treatment
Targeted therapy
Side effects

Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition caused by an autoimmune reaction. This review discusses the use of immunomodulating therapies, including contact sensitizers and immunomodulators, to treat alopecia areata. The authors highlight the successful use of anthralin and mechlorethamine in animal models of alopecia areata.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Topical nitrogen mustard ointment with occlusion for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the scalp.

Author: TreatJ R, SuchinK R, JamesW D

LCH treatment
Side effects

Topical nitrogen mustard solution is an effective alternative to corticosteroids for the treatment of cutaneous eruptions of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). It may be more effective and possess less risk of unwanted side effects when used as an ointment under occlusion.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Long term follow up of topical mustine treatment for cutaneous langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Author: HoegerP H, NanduriV R, HarperJ I, AthertonD A, PritchardJ

Effective treatment for LCH
Long-term side effects

Topical application of nitrogen mustard is effective for skin lesions in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, but there are concerns about potentially harmful long term side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Concentrations of nitrogen mustard in the air during topical treatment of patients with mycosis fungoides.

Author: Van VlotenW A, CooijmansA C, PoelJ, MeulenbeltJ

Exposure to HN2

The concentration of nitrogen mustard in the air during topical treatment of mycosis fungoides was below the maximal allowable concentration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Topical chemotherapy of mycosis fungoides.

Author: GrekinD A, ZackheimH S, EpsteinE H

Effective for mycosis fungoides
Dermatitis
Marrow depression

Topical chemotherapy, using nitrogen mustard or BCNU, can be effective in controlling early stages of mycosis fungoides, but may cause dermatitis or, rarely, marrow depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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