Effects of orphenadrine: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Orphenadrine is a medication that has been studied for various uses. 11 compared the effectiveness of diclofenac-orphenadrine combination, diclofenac alone and saline for post-operative pain management after remifentanil-based anesthesia. 9 evaluated the effectiveness and safety of diclofenac-orphenadrine combination for pain relief in orthopedic patients after hip replacement. 10 investigated the effectiveness of a multimodal analgesia protocol including orphenadrine for opioid-sparing pain management after posterior lumbar fusion surgery in Hispanic patients. 21 assessed the safety and efficacy of orphenadrine for treating muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3 investigated the analgesic effects of intravenous orphenadrine in a model of capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia in humans. studied the effects of orphenadrine on extrapyramidal side effects in schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol. 18 reported on the effectiveness of diclofenac-orphenadrine combination in treating dorsalgia. 5 showed that orphenadrine increases and prolongs the antinociceptive effects of paracetamol in mice. 12 investigated the risk of opioid overdose associated with the concurrent use of opioids and skeletal muscle relaxants. 6 studied the antinociceptive effects of orphenadrine in mice. 19 found orphenadrine in coastal waters near a submarine sewage outfall in Brazil. 14 also found orphenadrine in urban drainage channels in Brazil. 13 found orphenadrine in coastal waters of Santa Catarina, Brazil. 22 developed a method for detecting 11 antihistamines in breast milk, including orphenadrine. 20 evaluated the efficacy and safety of orphenadrine for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. 1 investigated the involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels blockade in the analgesic effects of orphenadrine. studied the therapeutic effects of reserpine and orphenadrine combination in chronic schizophrenia. 7 compared the effects of orphenadrine and tofenacin in controlling depression and extrapyramidal side effects in patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate. compared the electroencephalographic and motor effects of orphenadrine. 2 compared the analgesic effects of a fixed-dose combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac with its individual components. studied the effects of orphenadrine hydrochloride as a psychoanaleptic drug. 15 evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a fixed combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac for postoperative analgesia in cardiac surgery patients. 4 assessed the adrenergic effects of orphenadrine in rat vas deferens. 17 presented clinical experience with the use of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine in treating acute pain syndrome. 16 conducted a systematic review of the misuse of anticholinergic medications. While these studies suggest potential benefits for orphenadrine in various applications, further research is warranted.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Orphenadrine has shown potential benefits in managing postoperative pain, muscle cramps, nerve inflammation and hyperalgesia, and extrapyramidal symptoms. It may also enhance and prolong the pain-relieving effects of other medications. 11 , 9 , 10 , 21 , 3 , , 18 , 5 , 20 , 1

Risk Summary

Orphenadrine carries potential risks, including dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, increased heart rate, seizures, arrhythmias, breathing difficulties, and allergic reactions. It is important to note that combining orphenadrine with opioids can increase the risk of opioid overdose. 12 Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women, those with liver or kidney disease, those susceptible to seizures, those with glaucoma, enlarged prostate, obstructive bowel disease, or stomach ulcers. 16

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Many studies suggest that orphenadrine can potentially alleviate postoperative pain. 11 , 9 , 10 , 18 , 15 Additionally, orphenadrine has shown potential benefits in managing muscle cramps, nerve inflammation and hyperalgesia, and extrapyramidal symptoms. 21 , 3 , , 20 , 1 Orphenadrine may also enhance and prolong the effects of other medications. 5

Differences

Studies evaluating orphenadrine vary in terms of the targeted disease or condition, research design, dosage method, and evaluation methods. Therefore, it is challenging to directly compare the research findings. For example, orphenadrine may be administered alone or in combination with other medications. The indicators used to evaluate the effects of orphenadrine also differ across studies. These variations necessitate cautious interpretation of research findings regarding the effects of orphenadrine.

Consistency and Discrepancies in Results

While orphenadrine shows potential benefits in various applications, the research findings on its effectiveness are not consistent. Some studies suggest that orphenadrine is effective, while others indicate that its effectiveness is not evident, or it poses a higher risk of side effects. These discrepancies might arise due to variations in research design, the targeted disease or condition, dosage methods, and evaluation methods. Further research is required to gain a clearer understanding of the effects of orphenadrine.

Important Considerations for Everyday Use

Orphenadrine, despite its potential benefits in various applications, should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Orphenadrine can have side effects and may interact with other medications. It is crucial to consult a doctor before using orphenadrine. 16

Limitations of Current Research

Many studies on orphenadrine are small in scale with limited patient numbers, making it challenging to generalize the findings. Additionally, some studies might lack clarity in the indicators used to assess the effects of orphenadrine. More extensive and rigorous research is needed to gain a clearer understanding of the effects of orphenadrine.

Future Research Directions

Future research on orphenadrine should involve larger and more rigorous studies to better understand its effects. Research should also delve deeper into the side effects of orphenadrine and its interactions with other medications. Furthermore, it is crucial to determine the optimal dosage methods and amounts for orphenadrine.

Conclusion

Orphenadrine shows potential benefits in various applications, but the research findings on its effectiveness are not consistent. It is essential to consult a doctor before using orphenadrine. Further research is necessary to gain a clearer understanding of the effects of orphenadrine.

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
5
Article Type
7
0
0
1
22
1.

Involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels blockade in the analgesic effects of orphenadrine.

Author: DesaphyJean-François, DipalmaAntonella, De BellisMichela, CostanzaTeresa, GaudiosoChristelle, DelmasPatrick, GeorgeAlfred L, CamerinoDiana Conte

Pain relief
Arrhythmia
Convulsions

Orphenadrine is a medication used to treat muscle spasms and Parkinson's disease. It is also used for pain relief, but its mechanism of action is unknown. This study found that orphenadrine blocks sodium channels, which are involved in transmitting pain signals. This may explain why orphenadrine is effective for pain relief.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Comparison of the analgesic effects of a fixed-dose combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac (Neodolpasse) with its single active ingredients diclofenac and orphenadrine: a placebo-controlled study using laser-induced somatosensory-evoked potentials from capsaicin-induced hyperalgesic human skin.

Author: SchafflerKlaus, ReitmeirPeter, GschanesAndrea, EggenreichUdo

Analgesic effect

Neodolpasse, a fixed-dose combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac, demonstrated efficacy in a human pain model. The observed effect was mainly caused by central mechanisms and was found to be superior to the individual ingredients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Analgesic effects of low-dose intravenous orphenadrine in the state of capsaicin hyperalgesia. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study using laser somatosensory evoked potentials obtained from capsaicin-irritated skin in healthy volunteers.

Author: SchafflerKlaus, ReitmeirPeter

Analgesic effect
Reduced pain response

This study investigated the analgesic efficacy of 30 mg of intravenous orphenadrine citrate in a human pain model. Orphenadrine citrate significantly reduced both central and peripheral components of the pain response, suggesting an analgesic/anti-hyperalgesic effect primarily mediated by central/spinal mechanisms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Assessment of the adrenergic effects of orphenadrine in rat vas deferens.

Author: PubillD, CanudasA M, PallàsM, SuredaF X, EscubedoE, CaminsA, CamarasaJ

Potentiates noradrenaline

Orphenadrine is an antiparkinsonian drug that can enhance the effects of noradrenaline by inhibiting its reuptake in rat vas deferens.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Antinociceptive effects of orphenadrine citrate in mice.

Author: HunskaarS, BergeO G, HoleK

Reduced pain
Hyperalgesia

Orphenadrine citrate, a muscle relaxant, had antinociceptive effects in mice, but these effects were variable and depended on the type of pain test used.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

A comparative trial of orphenadrine and tofenacin in the control of depression and extrapyramidal side-effects associated with fluphenazine decanoate therapy.

Author: CapstickN, PudneyH

Depression control
Parkinsonism control

Both orphenadrine hydrochloride and its metabolite, tofenacin hydrochloride, effectively controlled Parkinsonian side effects in patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. However, orphenadrine was significantly better (p < 0.05) at controlling depressive side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Interactions of orphenadrine and phenobarbitone with chlorpromazine: plasma concentrations and effects in man.

Author: LogaS, CurryS, LaderM

Accelerated metabolism

Chlorpromazine accelerated its own metabolism by inducing liver microsomal oxidising enzymes in 17 patients, with phenobarbitone and orphenadrine further decreasing chlorpromazine concentrations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

[The use of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine for postoperative pain relief in orthopedic patients].

Author: GukalovA A, KlypaT V, Mandel'I A, MinetsA I

Postoperative pain relief

A fixed combination of orphenadrine and diclofenac was more effective in reducing postoperative pain following hip replacement surgery compared to morphine monotherapy. The combination was well-tolerated with no significant side effects.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

10.

Efficacy of an Opioid-Sparing Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia Protocol on Posterior Lumbar Fusion in a Hispanic Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Ramírez-GonzalezManuel, Torres-LugoNorberto J, Deliz-JimenezDavid, Echegaray-CasalducGabriel, RamírezNorman, Colón-RodriguezElfren, Carro-RiveraJuan, De La CruzAntonio, Claudio-RomanYamil, Massanet-VolrathJosé, Escobar-MedinaEnrique, Montañez-HuertasJosé

Opioid sparing
None

Posterior lumbar fusion surgery is a common procedure that is used to treat back pain. This study compared the use of an opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia regimen to a standard opioid-based regimen in Hispanic patients undergoing posterior lumbar spinal fusion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Intravenous diclofenac and orphenadrine for the treatment of postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anesthesia : A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Author: ZeinerSebastian, HaiderThomas, ZottiOliver, ThüringerKatrin, HöbartPetra, KimbergerOliver, KnolleErich

Improved analgesia
Reduced opioid demand

This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac-orphenadrine, diclofenac alone, and saline in postoperative pain management.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Comparative Risk of Opioid Overdose With Concomitant Use of Prescription Opioids and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants.

Author: KhanNazleen F, BykovKatsiaryna, BarnettMichael L, GlynnRobert J, VineSeanna M, GagneJoshua J

Opioid overdose risk

This study compared the risk of opioid overdose in patients on long-term opioid therapy who concurrently initiate skeletal muscle relaxants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Misuse of Anticholinergic Medications: A Systematic Review.

Author: ChiappiniStefania, MoscaAlessio, MiuliAndrea, SemeraroFrancesco Maria, MancusiGianluca, SantovitoMaria Chiara, Di CarloFrancesco, PettorrusoMauro, GuirguisAmira, CorkeryJohn Martin, MartinottiGiovanni, SchifanoFabrizio, Di GiannantonioMassimo

Adverse effects
Anticholinergic misuse
Toxidromes

Misuse and diversion of anticholinergic medications is a widespread issue. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant and monitor for potential misuse and diversion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Orphenadrine in treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients: a randomized study.

Author: Abd-ElsalamSherief, EbrahimShaimaa, SolimanShaimaa, AlkhalawanyWalaa, ElfertAsem, HawashNehad, ElkadeemMahmoud, BadawiRehab

Muscle cramps relief

This study purposed to evaluate efficacy and safety of orphenadrine in the treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Pilot study of orphenadrine as a novel treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Author: Abd-ElsalamSherief, El-KallaFerial, AliLobna A, MosaadSamah, AlkhalawanyWalaa, ElemaryBerihan, BadawiRehab, ElzeftawyAsmaa, HanafyAmr, ElfertAsem

Muscle cramp reduction
Safe treatment

Orphenadrine was found to be safe and effective in treating muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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