Effects of permethrin topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

These studies show that perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is effective in lowering blood pressure. 6 The studies also suggest that perindopril may have other beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, such as reducing the risk of heart failure, stroke, and death. 13 However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to understand the long-term effects of perindopril.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Perindopril is an effective treatment for high blood pressure. 6 It may also help to reduce the risk of heart failure, stroke, and death. 13 Perindopril is generally well tolerated, but it can have some side effects.

Risk Summary

The most common side effects of perindopril are cough, dizziness, and low blood pressure. 14 Perindopril can also cause more serious side effects, such as heart failure and kidney problems. 13 It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of perindopril before starting treatment.

Comparison between Studies

Similarities between Studies

The studies all show that perindopril is effective in lowering blood pressure. 6 , 13 , 5 , 10 , 9 , 2 , 11 They also suggest that perindopril may have other beneficial effects on cardiovascular health.

Differences between Studies

The studies differ in the dose of perindopril used, the study population, and the length of follow-up. These differences make it difficult to directly compare the results of the studies. However, the studies all suggest that perindopril is a promising treatment for high blood pressure.

Consistency and Contradictions of the Results

The studies show that perindopril is effective in lowering blood pressure and may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. 6 , 13 , 5 , 10 , 9 , 2 , 11 However, the studies also suggest that perindopril may increase the risk of heart failure. 13 More research is needed to understand the long-term effects of perindopril and its impact on heart failure risk.

Cautions for Real-Life Application

Perindopril is an effective treatment for high blood pressure, but it can have side effects, such as cough, dizziness, and low blood pressure. 14 Perindopril can also cause more serious side effects, such as heart failure and kidney problems. 13 It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of perindopril before starting treatment. Perindopril may interact with other medications, so it is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking. 2

Limitations of the Current Research

The studies on perindopril are limited in number and scope. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects of perindopril and its impact on heart failure risk. 13 The studies also differ in the dose of perindopril used, the study population, and the length of follow-up, making it difficult to directly compare the results of the studies. 6 , 13 , 5 , 10 , 9 , 2 , 11

Future Research Directions

Future research on perindopril should focus on understanding the long-term effects of the drug, including its impact on heart failure risk. 13 It is also important to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment with perindopril. More research is also needed to determine the effectiveness of perindopril in different patient populations. 6 , 13 , 5 , 10 , 9 , 2 , 11

Conclusions

Perindopril is an effective treatment for high blood pressure and may have other beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. 6 , 13 , 5 , 10 , 9 , 2 , 11 However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects of perindopril, including cough, dizziness, and low blood pressure. 14 Perindopril may also increase the risk of heart failure. 13 If you are considering taking perindopril, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of this medication.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
11
2
2
2
14
1.

Clinical efficacy of perindopril in hypertension.

Author: MorganT, AndersonA

Reduce blood pressure

This study evaluated the effectiveness of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in treating mild to moderate hypertension. Perindopril was found to be effective in lowering blood pressure and was well tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in mild hypertension with concomitant diseases and therapies: an efficacy, safety, and compatibility study of novel design, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study.

Author: StumpeK O, OverlackA

Concomitant disease
Hypertension treatment

Perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is being studied in a novel clinical trial to determine its safety and efficacy in patients with hypertension and eight common concomitant diseases. The study, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study, is ongoing and involves a 6-week double-blind phase followed by a 1-year follow-up period. Initial results suggest that this design is feasible and promising.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

The effect of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and on the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects.

Author: BrownC L, BackhouseC I, GrippatJ C, SantoniJ P

Blood pressure reduction

Perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide, alone or in combination, effectively lowered blood pressure in a double-blind study. The combination exhibited additive or synergistic effects on blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

The effect of perindopril on blood pressure in humans on different sodium intakes.

Author: MorganT, AndersonA, WilsonD, MurphyJ, NowsonC

Effective for hypertension
Lower blood pressure
Few side effects

Perindopril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, was effective in lowering blood pressure in 32 patients with essential hypertension. The drug was equally effective in patients with high or low sodium intake.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

[Perindopril: first-line treatment of arterial hypertension].

Author: ZanchettiA, DescheP

Antihypertensive effect
Side effects

Perindopril (P) was compared to captopril (C), atenolol (A), and a combined diuretic (D) in treating essential hypertension. P was equally effective as C and A in monotherapy, and more effective than C and A when combined with a diuretic. P was less effective than D when combined with a beta-blocker. Overall, P was well-tolerated and effective in controlling hypertension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

6.

Effects of perindopril on ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular reflexes and forearm blood flow in essential hypertension.

Author: WestJ N, SmithS A, StallardT J, LittlerW A

Antihypertensive effect
Blood pressure reduction
Forearm blood flow increase
Hypotensive effect

Perindopril, an ACE inhibitor, was studied for its effects on ambulatory blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and cardiovascular reflexes in hypertensive patients. Perindopril significantly reduced blood pressure and increased forearm blood flow. It also augmented the bradycardia during facial immersion, suggesting an increase in parasympathetic tone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Perindopril: first-line treatment for hypertension.

Author: ZanchettiA, DescheP

Antihypertensive efficacy
Good biological acceptability
Cough
Renal failure

Perindopril was effective in treating essential hypertension and was well-tolerated, with a similar side-effect profile to captopril, atenolol, and hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Perindopril plus nifedipine versus perindopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in mild to severe hypertension: a double-blind multicentre study. The Multicentre Study Group on Treatment Association with Perindopril.

Author: LetellierP, OverlackA, AgnesE, DescheP

Reduces BP
Safe combination therapy

Perindopril combined with nifedipine was equally effective and safe as perindopril combined with hydrochlorothiazide in treating hypertension. Both combinations significantly reduced blood pressure and heart rate, with similar incidences of adverse experiences.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

The influence of perindopril and the diuretic combination amiloride+hydrochlorothiazide on the vessel wall properties of large arteries in hypertensive patients.

Author: KoolM J, LustermansF A, BreedJ G, Struyker BoudierH A, HoeksA P, RenemanR S, Van BortelL M

Blood pressure reduction

The study compared the cardiovascular effects of perindopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) and amiloride+hydrochlorothiazide (a diuretic combination) in hypertensive patients. The study also assessed the persistence of treatment effects after discontinuation of therapy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Effectiveness and metabolic effects of perindopril and diuretics combination in primary hypertension.

Author: ElisafM S, TheodorouJ, PappasH, PapagalanisN, KatopodisK, KalaitzidisR, SiamopoulosK C

Hypertension treatment
Carbohydrate intolerance
Uric acid increase

The combination of perindopril with either hydrochlorothiazide or indapamide was more effective in lowering blood pressure than perindopril alone, particularly in patients with lower plasma renin activity. However, this combination treatment was associated with a slight but significant increase in blood glucose levels and serum uric acid.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Clinical synergy of perindopril and calcium-channel blocker in the prevention of cardiac events and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Post hoc analysis of the EUROPA study.

Author: BertrandMichel E, FerrariRoberto, RemmeWilhelm J, SimoonsMaarten L, DeckersJaab W, FoxK M,

Cardiac outcome improvement

This study investigated the effects of adding perindopril to long-term treatment with calcium-channel blockers (CCB) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The results suggest that perindopril may have a synergistic effect with CCB in secondary prevention.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Short-term antihypertensive efficacy of perindopril according to clinical profile of 3,188 patients: A meta-analysis.

Author: GasowskiJerzy, WilkinsArleta, DrzewoskiJózef, KłośJadwiga, GaciongZbigniew, KabatMarek, GrodzickiTomasz

Antihypertensive effect
Cardiovascular protection

Perindopril is a drug that is used to treat high blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of perindopril on blood pressure in patients with different clinical profiles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Rationale for a single-pill combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate.

Author: ElliottWilliam J

Blood pressure lowering
Cardiovascular endpoint reduction
Heart failure

A systematic review of 86 clinical trials involving perindopril, amlodipine, or other antihypertensive drugs showed that amlodipine was associated with a significant 24% increase in heart failure, but a significant decrease in cardiovascular events. Perindopril was associated with a significant reduction in all six cardiovascular endpoints.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for hypertension: a safety evaluation.

Author: ElliottWilliam J, BistrikaEvgeny A

Blood pressure control
Cardiovascular event reduction
Angioedema
Cough
Dizziness
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Peripheral edema
Renal impairment
Teratogenicity

This abstract discusses the use of single-pill antihypertensive combinations to improve adherence and outcomes in patients with hypertension. A novel combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate was recently approved. The study reviews the literature on the adverse effects of this combination.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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