Side Effects of potassium iodide: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Potassium iodide (KI) is a medication that has been used for decades to treat various conditions, including thyroid disorders, fungal infections, and as a preventative measure against radiation exposure. While several studies have demonstrated KI's effectiveness, some side effects have also been observed. This summary will review these research findings and provide a detailed explanation of the side effects of KI.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of KI are believed to occur due to KI's ability to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its tendency to accumulate within cells. KI also increases iodine levels in the body, which can potentially impact various tissues and organs.

Common Side Effects

Thyroid Side Effects

KI can suppress thyroid function, potentially leading to hypothyroidism. Patients with hyperthyroidism, in particular, are at higher risk of developing hypothyroidism when KI is administered, as KI can decrease thyroid hormone secretion. 25 , 7

Skin Side Effects

KI can cause skin inflammation. 8 It can also cause symptoms such as skin itching, rash, and eczema. 28

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

KI can affect the gastrointestinal system, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. 22

Other Side Effects

KI can cause side effects such as iodine hypersensitivity, salivary gland swelling, metallic taste, headache, fever, and difficulty breathing. 17

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Countermeasures for Thyroid Side Effects

To prevent hypothyroidism, regular thyroid hormone testing is necessary, and hormone replacement therapy should be administered as needed. 25

Countermeasures for Skin Side Effects

Topical medications such as steroid ointments can be effective in reducing skin inflammation. 8 Discontinuation of KI may also be necessary.

Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Antiemetics can be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. 22 Taking KI with meals or in small doses can also help reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Other Countermeasures

If you are concerned about KI side effects, it is important to consult a doctor. 17

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Many studies have shown that KI can cause side effects in the thyroid, skin, and gastrointestinal system.

Differences Between Studies

The incidence and symptoms of side effects can vary between studies. This is likely due to differences in the study population's age and health status, the KI dosage, and the administration method.

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

KI is used in a variety of situations, including treatment of thyroid disorders, fungal infections, and radiation exposure prevention. However, KI has various side effects, so it is important to consult a doctor before taking it and avoid self-medication. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should always consult their doctor before taking KI. 14

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of KI is still insufficient. Further research is needed, particularly on long-term side effects and side effects in different age groups.

Future Research Directions

To further investigate the side effects of KI, studies with a diverse population of subjects with different ages and health conditions are needed. Long-term follow-up studies are also crucial to assess long-term side effects. Furthermore, the development of new drugs and treatments to reduce KI side effects is highly anticipated.

Conclusion

KI is an effective medication, but it can cause a range of side effects. When taking KI, it is important to understand the risks of side effects and receive appropriate treatment in consultation with your doctor. 14

Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
0
0
8
27
1.

Remission after potassium iodide therapy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism exhibiting thionamide-associated side effects.

Author: OkamuraKen, SatoKaori, FujikawaMegumi, BandaiSachiko, IkenoueHiroshi, KitazonoTakanari

Hyperthyroid control
KI refractory

Potassium iodide (KI) therapy was effective in two-thirds of hyperthyroid patients with thionamide-associated side effects, and about 40% of the patients experienced remission after KI therapy alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Increased Demand for Pharmaceutical Drugs Containing Potassium Iodide In Connection with the Russia-Ukraine Conflict.

Author: EnnersS, GradlG, KiebleM, IliescuO, FreudewaldL, SaidA, SchulzM

Radioactive iodine prevention
Drug shortage

The conflict in Ukraine raised concerns about radioactive iodine release in Germany. This study investigated potassium iodide (PI) dispensing rates, finding a 106% increase from February to March 2022, primarily due to over-the-counter sales. Despite the increase, no rise in adverse drug reaction reports related to PI was observed. The authors suggest that timely public information and reassurance regarding supply reliability are crucial in preventing drug shortages and unfounded concerns during a nuclear emergency.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Personalized Dosimetry in the Context of Radioiodine Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Author: PacilioMassimiliano, ConteMiriam, FrantellizziViviana, De FeoMaria Silvia, PisaniAntonio Rosario, MarongiuAndrea, NuvoliSusanna, RubiniGiuseppe, SpanuAngela, De VincentisGiuseppe

DTC treatment
Radioiodine side effects

This review explores new proposals for a dosimetry-based therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment with 131-sodium or potassium iodide. Dosimetry allows tailored therapy to spare healthy tissue and minimize damage to at-risk organs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

The effect of galvanization and potassium iodide iontophoresis of the throat and larynx on thyroid parameters: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: ZwolińskaJolanta, AugustynBarbara, BajKatarzyna, KrukowskaJadwiga

This study investigated the effect of galvanization and potassium iodide (KI) iontophoresis in the throat and larynx on thyroid hormone levels. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the short-term or long-term. However, both groups had lower levels of TSH, FT3, and FT4 at 6 months. Further research with larger groups is needed to confirm the safety of these procedures.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Potassium Iodide Tablets Instead of a Saturated Solution Preoperatively for Reaching Euthyroidism Quickly in Refractory Graves' Disease.

Author: ChiapponiCostanza, SchmidtMatthias, FaustMichael

Euthyroidism

Preoperative potassium iodide (KI) is effective in reaching euthyroidism quickly in Graves' disease (GD) patients. Although it may not reduce operative time or complications, it remains an important tool for rapid thyroid blocking. KI tablets are a convenient alternative to saturated solutions, particularly in emergencies.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

8.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Potassium Iodide on SDS-Induced Murine Skin Inflammation.

Author: HayashiShujiro, IshikawaSatoko, IshiiEisuke, KoikeMasami, KaminagaTomoko, HamasakiYoichiro, SairenchiToshimi, KobashiGen, IgawaKen

skin inflammation treatment

Topical application of 3% potassium iodide (KI) to areas of inflammation induced by SDS in mice reduced IL-1 and TNF-α gene expression levels, while increasing IL-10 gene expression levels. KI's anti-inflammatory effects were not observed when IL-10 gene expression was reduced by small interfering RNA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Potassium Iodide for Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorders: A Monocentric, Retrospective Study.

Author: AnzengruberFlorian, MergenthalerCaroline, MurerCarla, DummerReinhard

Skin condition treatment

This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) in dermatology, finding that KI has been used for decades and is mentioned in major dermatology textbooks, but there is a lack of recent data on its efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

DO MULTIPLE ADMINISTRATIONS OF STABLE IODINE PROTECT POPULATION CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIOACTIVE IODINE: WHAT IS PRIODAC RESEARCH PROGRAM (2014-22) TEACHING US?

Author: BenderitterMarc, PourcherThierry, MartinJean-Charles, DarcourtJacques, GuigonPierre, Caire-MaurisierFrancois, PechAnnick, LebsirDalila, RosiqueClément, GuglielmiJulien, RebièreFrancois, TackKarine, PhanGuillaume, LestaevelPhilippe, SouidiMaâmar, JourdainJean-René

Thyroid cancer prevention

The PRIODAC project aims to investigate the safety of repeated potassium iodide (KI) intake, assess the molecular mechanisms of iodine metabolism, and revise KI tablet marketing authorization.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Association of itraconazole and potassium iodide in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis: a prospective study.

Author: ReisÉrica G, SchubachTânia M P, PereiraSandro A, SilvaJéssica N, CarvalhoBeatriz W, QuintanaMarcel S B, GremiãoIsabella D F

Feline sporotrichosis treatment

A prospective cohort study on 30 cats with sporotrichosis showed a 96.15% cure rate with a combination of ITZ and KI treatment. Adverse effects were observed in 50% of cats and were managed with temporary drug suspension and/or hepatoprotective therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

14.

Thyroid side effects prophylaxis in front of nuclear power plant accidents.

Author: AgopiantzMikaël, ElhanbaliOuifak, DemoreBéatrice, CunyThomas, DemarquetLéa, NdiayeCumba, BarbeFrançoise, BrunaudLaurent, WeryhaGeorges, KleinMarc

Reduced thyroid contamination
Minor side effects

Potassium iodide can significantly reduce thyroid radioactive contamination from nuclear accidents, especially if taken immediately.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Sporotrichosis: The Story of an Endemic Region in Peru over 28 Years (1985 to 2012).

Author: Ramírez SotoMax Carlos

Sporotrichosis treatment

Sporotrichosis is endemic in Abancay province, Peru, and has been studied extensively over the past 28 years, providing insights into the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological features of the disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Managing terrorism or accidental nuclear errors, preparing for iodine-131 emergencies: a comprehensive review.

Author: BravermanEric R, BlumKenneth, LoeffkeBernard, BakerRobert, KreukFlorian, YangSamantha Peiling, HurleyJames R

Prevented thyroid cancer

This review discusses the need for timely potassium iodide (KI) administration in response to nuclear accidents involving iodine-131 release. The authors propose several recommendations for improving KI prophylaxis, including pre-distribution to at-risk populations, prompt administration within 2 hours, utilization of the lowest effective dose, extending distribution to at least 300 miles from the epicenter, public education about dietary iodide sources, and continued analysis of long-term impacts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

[Basidiobolomycosis: a review].

Author: KombatéK, SakaB, Mouhari-ToureA, AkakpoS, DjadouK E, DarréT, Tchangaï-WallaK, PitchéP

Effective treatment
Well tolerated
Risk of recurrence
Severe side effects

This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of basidiobolomycosis. The review highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

19.

Familial occurrence of zoonotic sporotrichosis.

Author: CordeiroFernanda Nóbrega, BrunoCarolina Barbosa, PaulaCarmen Déa Ribeiro de, MottaJorgeth de Oliveira Carneiro da

Sporotrichosis treatment
Side effects

This report describes a case of three family members who contracted sporotrichosis from an infected cat.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Cutaneous sporotrichosis treatment with potassium iodide: a 24 year experience in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Author: YamadaKarin, ZaitzClarisse, FramilValéria Maria de Souza, MuramatuLaura Hitomi

Effective treatment
Sporotrichosis cure
Reactivation
Side effects

Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) is an effective treatment for cutaneous sporotrichosis with a cure rate of 94.7%. Side effects were described in 5.5% of the cases, and the mean length of treatment was 3.5 months.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Subcutaneous zygomycosis: report of 10 cases from two institutions in North India.

Author: RameshV, RamamM, CapoorM R, SugandhanS, DhawanJ, KhannaG

Disfigurement

Subcutaneous zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection that mainly affects people in tropical areas. This study reviewed ten cases of subcutaneous zygomycosis in two hospitals in Delhi, India. Four of the patients were children and six were adults. The main treatment used was potassium iodide (KI), with ketoconazole or itraconazole added in some cases. Two patients were cured after 3 and 9 months of KI treatment, and two showed signs of regression. Early diagnosis is important to prevent disfigurement and unnecessary surgery.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

23.

Salt as a carrier of iodine in iodine deficient areas.

Author: BürgiHans, ZimmermannMichael B

Iodine deficiency prevention

Iodized salt is an effective and affordable way to prevent iodine deficiency. It is available and consumed worldwide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Cutaneous sporotrichosis in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Author: MahajanV K, SharmaN L, SharmaR C, GuptaM L, GargG, KangaA K

Healing of lesions
Exacerbation of lesional inflammation

This study examined the clinical features and treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in Himachal Pradesh, India. Potassium iodide was effective in treating the majority of patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

Thyroid blockade during a radiation emergency in iodine-rich areas: effect of a stable-iodine dosage.

Author: TakamuraNoboru, NakamuraYoshihiro, IshigakiKatsu, IshigakiJitsuro, MineMariko, AoyagiKiyoshi, YamashitaShunichi

Effective thyroid blockade

This study evaluated the effectiveness of stable iodine in blocking thyroid uptake of radioiodine in patients with hyperthyroidism. A single oral dose of 38 mg of iodide was found to be as effective as 76 mg in suppressing thyroid uptake. This suggests that the stable iodine dosage used for radiation emergencies in iodine-rich areas like Japan might need to be reevaluated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

[Use of autohemoozonotherapy in the treatment of nodular thyroid in adolescents].

Author: Kuz'michevP P, Kuz'michevaN E

Growth stabilization
Improved blood flow
Reduced thyroid lesions
Thyroid tissue structure

This study compared the effects of efferent therapy (autohemoozonotherapy) and routine pharmacological treatment on adolescents with nodular lesions of the thyroid. Efferent therapy showed significant improvement in blood flow, thyroid tissue structure, and lesion reduction compared to drug treatment alone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

28.

[A case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis].

Author: MorishitaN, YamazakiK, NinomiyaJ, HamaguchiT, SeiY, TakiuchiI

Sporotrichosis treatment

This case report describes a 69-year-old man with a skin infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix. Treatment with potassium iodide was initially effective, but the infection recurred. Terbinafine therapy successfully treated the infection without side effects. A review of 67 Sporothrix infection cases in Japan suggests that a higher daily dose of terbinafine may be more effective than the standard dose.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Japanese

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