Effects of reserpine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Reserpine is a drug that depletes monoamine neurotransmitters and has been used in animal models to induce depression-like behaviors and movement disorders. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Several studies have investigated substances that may mitigate the depression-like behaviors and movement disorders induced by reserpine. For instance, graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) have been reported to alleviate neurobehavioral damage and oxidative stress induced by reserpine in animal models. 4

Furthermore, a combination of aqueous extracts from Nepeta menthoides and Melissa officinalis demonstrated an antidepressant effect, potentially triggered by antioxidant properties, against reserpine-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. 8

Additionally, the essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica has been shown to alleviate reserpine-induced depression-like behaviors in a rat model. 17

On the other hand, reserpine has been found to impair motor function in mice, leading to side effects such as tremors and vacuous chewing movements. 23

These research findings suggest that reserpine can impact the nervous system, particularly by disrupting the balance of neurotransmitters, leading to various behavioral and physiological changes. 19

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Some studies have identified substances that may alleviate depression-like behaviors and movement disorders induced by reserpine. For example, graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs), certain herbal extracts, and specific chemicals have shown potential in mitigating these effects. 4 , 8 , 17

Risks Summary

Reserpine has been shown to impair motor function in mice, leading to side effects such as tremors and vacuous chewing movements. 23

Moreover, reserpine may disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters, potentially causing a range of behavioral and physiological changes. 19

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Many studies indicate that reserpine can induce depression-like behaviors and movement disorders in animal models. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Differences Among Studies

The severity of reserpine-induced movement disorders and the effectiveness of specific substances in mitigating these effects can vary across studies depending on factors such as the experimental model and the substance used. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Consistency and Inconsistencies in Findings

These research findings suggest that reserpine can impact the nervous system, particularly by disrupting the balance of neurotransmitters, leading to various behavioral and physiological changes. 19

However, the effects of reserpine can vary depending on individual differences and experimental conditions, highlighting the need for further research. 3

Cautions Regarding Real-World Application

Reserpine has been used as an antihypertensive medication, but it has been associated with the risk of inducing depression. 3

Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to a doctor's instructions and be vigilant for potential side effects when taking reserpine. 1

Limitations of Current Research

Current research has not fully elucidated the mechanisms underlying reserpine's effects and the modes of action of substances that mitigate its impacts. 17 , 9 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 18 , 15 , 14

Furthermore, additional research is required to confirm whether findings from animal models can be reliably applied to humans. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Future Directions for Research

Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying reserpine's effects and the modes of action of substances that mitigate its impacts. 17 , 9 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 18 , 15 , 14

Additionally, studies are necessary to translate findings from animal models into clinically relevant applications for humans. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Conclusion

Reserpine has been demonstrated to induce depression-like behaviors and movement disorders in animal models. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Further research is needed to investigate substances that may alleviate the adverse effects of reserpine. 4 , 8 , 17 , 23 , 16 , 5 , , 22 , 21 , 9 , 26 , 12 , 24 , 3 , 10 , 7 , 20 , 11 , 25 , 2 , 18 , 15 , 1 , 14 , 19

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
4
Article Type
1
1
3
3
26
1.

Treatment of refractory depression with combination reserpine and tricyclic antidepressant therapy.

Author: AmsterdamJ D, BerwishN

Improved depression
Hypotension
Side effects

High-dose reserpine was not found to be effective in treating nine patients with severe depression who had failed to respond to at least six previous drug treatments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

2.

Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia.

Author: NurSelin, AdamsClive E

Antipsychotic
Adverse effects

Reserpine, an antipsychotic drug, was widely used in the 1940s but has since been withdrawn due to its irreversible pharmacological potency and adverse effects. Chlorpromazine, another older antipsychotic, remains in use for treating schizophrenia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

The effects of reserpine on depression: A systematic review.

Author: StrawbridgeRebecca, JavedRahila R, CaveJeremy, JauharSameer, YoungAllan H

Antihypertensive effect
Depression

Reserpine, an antihypertensive drug, is rarely used due to the assumption that it causes depression. This review examines the conflicting evidence to determine if there is a link between reserpine and depression.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Genetic effects in a progressive model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine.

Author: FadanniGuilherme Pasetto, LeãoAnderson Henrique França Figueiredo, GranzottoNatalli, PereiraAline Guimarães, de GoisAuderlan Mendonça, AnjosPâmela Andressa Ramborger, LinderÁurea Elizabeth, SantosJosé Ronaldo, SilvaRegina Helena, IzídioGeison Souza

Emotional effects
Locomotor effects
Physiological effects

This study investigated the locomotor, emotional, physiological, and neurobiological effects of low-dose reserpine repeated treatment in three isogenic rat strains with different genetic backgrounds on chromosome 4.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

The effects of reserpine on depression: A systematic review.

Author: StrawbridgeRebecca, JavedRahila R, CaveJeremy, JauharSameer, YoungAllan H

Antihypertensive effect
Depression

Reserpine, an antihypertensive drug, is rarely used due to the assumption that it causes depression. This review examines the conflicting evidence to determine if there is a link between reserpine and depression.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Effects of obesity on neuroinflammatory and neurochemical parameters in an animal model of reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease.

Author: CavalheiroEulla Keimili Fernandes Ferreira, da SilvaLarissa Espindola, OliveiraMariana Pacheco, SilvaMarina Goulart, DamianiAdriani Paganini, RibeiroCatharina de Bem, MagenisMarina Lummertz, CuckerLuana, MichelsMonique, JoaquimLarissa, MachadoRichard Simon, VilelaThais Ceresér, BitencourtRafael M, AndradeVanessa M, Dal-PizzolFelipe, PetronilhoFabrícia, TuonTalita, RezinGislaine Tezza

DNA damage
Inflammation
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Oxidative damage

This study investigates the effects of obesity on neuroinflammatory and neurochemical parameters in an animal model of reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). The study found that obesity did not exacerbate inflammation or mitochondrial dysfunction in most structures but did increase oxidative damage and DNA damage in peripheral tissues and brain structures, suggesting that obesity may have a more complex interaction with PD than previously thought.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of bee venom and dopamine-loaded nanoparticles on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease rat model.

Author: Ahmed-FaridOmar A, TahaMohamed, BakeerRofanda M, RadwanOmyma K, HendawyHassan A M, SolimanAyman S, YousefEinas

PD treatment

Bee venom (BV) and dopamine (DA)-loaded nanoparticles were found to be potentially useful as adjuvant treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Both restored monoamines, balanced glutamate/GABA levels, and improved inflammation markers in a reserpine-induced animal model of PD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Effects of CATECHIN on reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements: behavioral and biochemical analysis.

Author: ReinheimerJeane Binotto, BressanGetulio Nicola, de FreitasCatiuscia Molz, CerettaAna Paula Chiapinotto, KrumBárbara Nunes, NogaraPablo Andrei, RodriguesTalita, SchwerzJanaína Paola, da RochaJoão Batista Teixeira, FachinettoRoselei

OD protection
Modest effect
Transitory effect

Catechin showed a modest and transitory protective effect in a mouse model of orofacial dyskinesia induced by reserpine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Effects of <i>Chaenomeles maulei</i> Fruit Juice on Reserpine-induced Behavioral Changes in Rats.

Author: BorisovaVesela A, EftimovMiroslav Tz, Valcheva-KuzmanovaStefka V

Improved locomotor activity

Citrus medica limonum fruit juice (CMFJ) reversed reserpine-induced hypokinesia in rats, suggesting potential antidepressant effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

BDNF mediates the protective effects of scopolamine in reserpine-induced depression-like behaviors via up-regulation of 5-HTT and TPH1.

Author: YuHanjie, LvDan, ShenMengxin, ZhangYanhua, ZhouDongsheng, ChenZhongming, WangChuang

Antidepressant effects
None mentioned

Reserpine is a drug that induces depression-like behavior in mice. This study found that scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, reversed the depression-like behavior caused by reserpine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effects of imidazoline I2 receptor agonists on reserpine-induced hyperalgesia and depressive-like behavior in rats.

Author: SiemianJustin N, ShangLi, SeamanRobert W, ZhuQing, ZhangYanan, LiJun-Xu

Antidepressant-like
Antinociceptive
Fibromyalgia treatment

Imidazoline I2 receptor (I2R) agonists, such as 2-BFI, phenyzoline, and CR4056, showed antinociceptive and antidepressant-like effects in a reserpine-induced model of fibromyalgia in rats. These findings suggest that I2R agonists may be valuable for treating pain and comorbid depression in fibromyalgia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

Effects of Essential Oil of <i>Satureja bachtiarica</i> Bunge in a Rat Model of Reserpine-Induced Depression.

Author: BakhtiarpoorMaryam, SetorkiMahbubeh, KaffashianMohammad Reza

Antidepressant effects
Reduced depressive behavior

This study evaluated the effect of <i>Satureja bachtiarica</i> essential oil on reserpine-induced depression in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Nitric oxide pathway activity modulation alters the protective effects of (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on reserpine-induced impairment in rats.

Author: ChenCheng-Neng, ChangKuo-Chi, LinRui-Feng, WangMao-Hsien, ShihRuoh-Lan, TsengHsiang-Chien, SoungHung-Sheng, TsaiCheng-Chia

Cognitive dysfunction prevention

This study investigated the protective effects of green tea catechin EGCG against reserpine-induced cognitive impairment in rats. The study found that EGCG treatment was able to improve memory impairment caused by reserpine and reduce oxidative stress in the brain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects induced by reserpine in mice.

Author: de FreitasCatiuscia Molz, BusanelloAlcindo, SchafferLarissa Finger, PerozaLuis Ricardo, KrumBárbara Nunes, LealCaroline Queiroz, CerettaAna Paula Chiapinotto, da RochaJoão Batista Teixeira, FachinettoRoselei

Motor deficits

The study found that reserpine, a monoamine-depleting agent, caused motor deficits in mice, including increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and reduced locomotion. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum and alterations in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The study suggests that reserpine's pharmacological blockage of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) caused neurochemical and behavioral alterations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Behavioral effects of bidirectional modulators of brain monoamines reserpine and d-amphetamine in zebrafish.

Author: KyzarEvan, StewartAdam Michael, LandsmanSamuel, CollinsChristopher, GebhardtMichael, RobinsonKyle, KalueffAllan V

Brain disorder research

This study examined the acute and long-term effects of reserpine and d-amphetamine on zebrafish behavior in the novel tank test. D-amphetamine evoked anxiogenic-like effects acutely, while reserpine markedly reduced activity 7 days later.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Effects of reserpine on reproduction and serotonin immunoreactivity in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.).

Author: LiuSamuel S, LiAndrew Y, WittColleen M, Pérez de LeónAdalberto A

Biogenic amine role
Stable fly reproduction

Reserpine treatment in stable flies significantly reduced sperm transfer in a dose-dependent manner, with older males being more sensitive. Reserpine also reduced egg-laying in females, suggesting a role for biogenic amines in stable fly reproduction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

25.

Effects of short-term exposure to haloperidol and reserpine on dopamine turnover in nigrostriatal system in rat brain.

Author: DovedovaE L, VoronkovD N, KhudoerkovR M

Dopamine metabolism activation
Nervous system adaptation

Short-term treatment with haloperidol or reserpine activated dopamine metabolism enzymes in the nigrostriatal structures of the brain in Wistar rats. This suggests a phase of dopamine metabolism activation aimed at maintaining dopamine transmission and nervous system adaptation early after drug administration.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Effects on neuroendocrinoimmune network of Lizhong Pill in the reserpine induced rats with spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine.

Author: ZhaoNing, ZhangWandong, GuoYuming, JiaHongwei, ZhaQinglin, LiuZhenli, XuShijie, LuAiping

Spleen deficiency treatment

The study found that Lizhong Pill, a classical herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for curing spleen deficiency, has a regulatory effect on the neuroendocrinoimmune network in reserpine-induced TCM spleen deficiency rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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