Effects of rotavirus vaccine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Rotavirus vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. 26 evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two rotavirus vaccines, ROTAVAC® and ROTAVAC 5D®, in Zambian infants. This study found that both vaccines were safe and effective. 23 investigated whether rotavirus vaccination prevents celiac disease and type 1 diabetes in the UK. This study suggested that rotavirus vaccination may have a protective effect against these diseases. 15 reviewed the development status and technology of parenteral, non-live rotavirus vaccines worldwide. This review highlighted the ongoing development of next-generation vaccines with improved safety and effectiveness. 17 analyzed national claims data from the United States to assess the effects of the rotavirus vaccine program across age groups. This study showed that rotavirus vaccination reduced hospitalization rates not only in infants but also in other age groups. 8 evaluated the effectiveness of a live oral human rotavirus vaccine in Bangladesh. This study found that the vaccine was effective in reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, even in a low-resource setting. 1 assessed the effect of dose and vaccine uptake on the immunogenicity of a rhesus rotavirus vaccine. This study found that higher doses of the vaccine led to higher seroconversion rates. 14 investigated the inhibitory effects of maternal breast milk components on rotavirus vaccine replication. This study showed that components in breast milk could inhibit vaccine replication and potentially affect vaccine efficacy. 12 evaluated the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccines in countries with high child mortality in Africa and Asia. This study found that the vaccines were effective in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and did not increase the risk of intussusception. 10 assessed the duration of protection offered by live oral rotavirus vaccines. This study showed that the duration of protection varied depending on the vaccine and the setting. 2 investigated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of simultaneous administration of rhesus rotavirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine. This study found that the two vaccines could be safely administered concurrently. 24 assessed the risk of intussusception and Kawasaki disease associated with rotavirus vaccines in Taiwanese infants. This study found no evidence of an increased risk of these diseases. 6 evaluated the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a multivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine. This study found that the vaccine was safe and effective. 25 described the epidemiology of intussusception hospitalizations in India following the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine. This study found no significant increase in intussusception rates after vaccine introduction. 21 introduced the concept of Smart Safety Surveillance (3S), a framework for more efficient pharmacovigilance. 18 explored the feasibility of integrating surveillance for intussusception into routine monitoring of adverse events following immunization in the WHO African Region. This study proposed a system for more sustainable monitoring of intussusception. 4 investigated the effects of concurrent oral poliovirus and rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccination on immune responses. This study found that the vaccines could be safely given at the same visit. 3 compared the safety and immunogenicity of single-serotype and tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccines. This study found that the tetravalent vaccine was more immunogenic. 5 evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine candidate. This study found that the vaccine candidate was safe and immunogenic. 7 estimated the herd immunity effect of rotavirus vaccines. This study suggested that the vaccines have the potential to generate herd immunity. 16 performed a benefit-risk analysis of rotavirus vaccination in France, accounting for indirect protection. This study found that the vaccine had a favorable benefit-risk balance. 9 reviewed the literature and quantified the indirect effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines. This study found that the vaccines had a significant indirect effect in preventing rotavirus hospitalization. 20 reviewed the global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children. This study found that norovirus has become an increasingly important cause of gastroenteritis in the post-rotavirus vaccine era. 13 identified and described rotavirus vaccine trials conducted globally. This study showed that there are numerous rotavirus vaccine trials ongoing worldwide. 11 evaluated the impact of additional doses of oral rotavirus vaccine. This study suggested that additional doses could improve vaccine immunogenicity. 19 reviewed post-marketing surveillance data for Rotarix on intussusception. This study confirmed the overall positive benefit-risk balance of the vaccine. 22 assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a human neonatal rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia. This study showed that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic in adults, children, and neonates. Overall, these studies suggest that rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing rotavirus infection and reducing its burden worldwide.

Benefits and risks

Benefits summary

Rotavirus vaccines have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants, leading to fewer hospitalizations and deaths. 26 , 23 , 15 , 17 , 8 , 1 , 14 , 12 , 10 , 2 , 24 , 6 , 25 , 21 , 18 , 4 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 16 , 9 , 20 , 13 , 11 , 19 , 22 These studies have also shown that rotavirus vaccines do not appear to increase the risk of intussusception. The vaccines may also contribute to herd immunity, providing indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals. 7 Overall, these benefits make rotavirus vaccines an essential tool for protecting infants from severe rotavirus infection.

Risks summary

While generally considered safe, rotavirus vaccines are associated with a rare but serious side effect, intussusception. 24 , 25 , 19 However, the risk of intussusception is very low, and the benefits of preventing severe rotavirus infection outweigh the risks. 16 If you have concerns about rotavirus vaccines, talk to your doctor to discuss the benefits and risks in more detail.

Comparison across studies

Commonalities

The majority of studies consistently indicate that rotavirus vaccines are effective in preventing severe rotavirus infection and generally safe for infants. Most studies did not find an increased risk of intussusception associated with the vaccines. These findings demonstrate the significant public health benefits of rotavirus vaccination.

Differences

The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines can vary depending on factors such as the type of vaccine, the region where it is administered, and the number of doses given. 10 , 11 Further research is also needed to understand the interactions between rotavirus vaccines and other vaccines. 2 Ongoing research continues to investigate the safety and efficacy of these vaccines in diverse populations.

Consistency and contradictions in the findings

The majority of studies consistently show the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in preventing severe rotavirus infection. However, there is some variation in the level of effectiveness observed across different studies, which may be influenced by factors like vaccine type, population, and geographic location. Findings regarding the risk of intussusception are also inconsistent. While some studies have suggested a possible association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception, others have found no such link. Continued research is necessary to clarify these inconsistencies and further evaluate the safety and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines.

Implications for daily life

Rotavirus vaccines are an important tool in protecting infants from severe rotavirus illness. It is crucial to adhere to the recommended vaccination schedule to ensure your child receives adequate protection. While generally safe, be aware that intussusception is a rare but serious side effect. Seek medical attention promptly if you notice any symptoms of intussusception in your child. Stay informed about the latest recommendations and information on rotavirus vaccines by consulting with your child's healthcare provider or local health officials.

Limitations of current research

There are still areas where research on rotavirus vaccines is limited. Continued research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of rotavirus vaccination, the potential for herd immunity, and the interactions with other vaccines. Further investigation is also necessary to address inconsistencies in findings regarding the risk of intussusception and to develop strategies for optimizing vaccine effectiveness in diverse populations.

Future research directions

Future research on rotavirus vaccines should focus on several key areas, including: 1) enhancing vaccine effectiveness through improved formulations, delivery methods, or additional doses; 2) deepening our understanding of the long-term effects and safety profile of the vaccines; 3) investigating the mechanisms of herd immunity and the indirect protection offered by the vaccines; 4) exploring strategies to optimize vaccine effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries; 5) and studying the interactions between rotavirus vaccines and other vaccines. These research endeavors will contribute to making rotavirus vaccines even more effective and safe for infants and strengthening global efforts to protect children from this preventable disease.

Conclusion

Rotavirus vaccines are a vital tool for protecting infants from severe rotavirus infection, a leading cause of childhood diarrhea. The vaccines have been shown to be effective in reducing illness, hospitalizations, and deaths from rotavirus. While intussusception is a rare but serious side effect, the benefits of the vaccine far outweigh the risks. Continue to consult with your child's healthcare provider for the most up-to-date information on rotavirus vaccination and to ensure your child receives appropriate protection.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
9
3
4
3
26
1.

Effect of dose and a comparison of measures of vaccine take for oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine. The Maryland Clinical Studies Group.

Author: PichicheroM E, LosonskyG A, RennelsM B, DisneyF A, GreenJ L, FrancisA B, MarsocciS M

Higher antibody rises
Higher seroconversion rate
Decreased activity level
Fever
Increased stool frequency

Rhesus rotavirus vaccine serotype 3 (RRV) was effective in inducing an immune response in infants. The 10(5) and 10(4) pfu doses of RRV were the most effective.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Simultaneous administration of rhesus rotavirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine: immunogenicity and reactogenicity.

Author: HoM S, FloydR L, GlassR I, PallanschM A, JonesB, HambyB, WoodsP, PenarandaM E, KapikianA Z, BohanG

Rotavirus vaccine safety
Safe with OPV

Rotavirus vaccine can be safely given with oral poliovirus vaccine to infants 2 to 3 months of age without interfering with the immune response to the poliovirus vaccine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

A comparative evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of unbuffered oral rhesus rotavirus serotype 3, rhesus/human reassortant serotypes 1, 2 and 4 and combined (tetravalent) vaccines in healthy infants.

Author: PichicheroM E, MarsocciS M, FrancisA B, GreenJ L, DisneyF A, RennelsM B, LewisE D, SugarmanL, LosonskyG A, ZitoE

Immunogenic
Safe
None mentioned

This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of different rotavirus vaccines in infants. The study found that a tetravalent rotavirus vaccine, containing four different strains of rotavirus, was more immunogenic, meaning it elicited a stronger immune response, than single serotype vaccines. Both types of vaccines were safe and well-tolerated, with no significant differences in side effects observed between groups. The study suggests that the tetravalent vaccine may offer broader protection against rotavirus infection compared to single-serotype vaccines.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Concurrent oral poliovirus and rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccination: effects on immune responses to both vaccines and on efficacy of rotavirus vaccines. The US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group.

Author: RennelsM B, WardR L, MackM E, ZitoE T

Rotavirus vaccine efficacy

Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and rhesus-human rotavirus vaccines can be given concurrently without affecting the efficacy of either vaccine. While concurrent OPV slightly reduced rotavirus antibody levels, it did not affect rotavirus vaccine efficacy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine 89-12.

Author: BernsteinD I, SmithV E, SherwoodJ R, SchiffG M, SanderD S, DeFeudisD, SpriggsD R, WardR L

Rotavirus protection
Safe for infants
Mild side effects

An orally administered live human rotavirus vaccine candidate (89-12) has shown promising safety and immunogenicity in adults, children, and infants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effects of the potency and composition of the multivalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine on efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in healthy infants.

Author: VesikariTimo, ClarkH Fred, OffitPaul A, DallasMichael J, DiStefanoDaniel J, GoveiaMichelle G, WardRichard L, SchödelFlorian, KarvonenAino, DrummondJames E, DiNubileMark J, HeatonPenny M

Rotavirus vaccine

This study evaluated different compositions and potencies of a live multivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine to select the best potency and composition for further development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Estimating the herd immunity effect of rotavirus vaccine.

Author: PollardSuzanne L, Malpica-LlanosTanya, FribergIngrid K, Fischer-WalkerChrista, AshrafSania, WalkerNeff

Herd immunity
Reduced rotavirus deaths

This meta-analysis estimated the herd immunity effects associated with rotavirus vaccines, which are important for understanding the public health impact of these vaccines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Effectiveness of a live oral human rotavirus vaccine after programmatic introduction in Bangladesh: A cluster-randomized trial.

Author: ZamanK, SackDavid A, NeuzilKathleen M, YunusMohammad, MoultonLawrence H, SugimotoJonathan D, FlemingJessica A, HossainIlias, ArifeenShams El, AzimTasnim, RahmanMustafizur, LewisKristen D C, FellerAndrea J, QadriFirdausi, HalloranM Elizabeth, CraviotoAlejandro, VictorJohn C

Rotavirus vaccine efficacy

This study examines the effectiveness of a two-dose schedule of the human rotavirus vaccine (HRV; Rotarix) given early in infancy. While rotavirus vaccines are globally recommended, WHO concluded in 2009 that there was no evidence for the efficacy or effectiveness of this schedule. The study highlights the need for further research, particularly in low-resource populations in Asia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Indirect Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness for the Prevention of Rotavirus Hospitalization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: RosettieKatherine L, VosTheo, MokdadAli H, FlaxmanAbraham D, KhalilIbrahim, TroegerChristopher, WeaverMarcia R

Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness

This systematic review assessed the indirect effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in preventing rotavirus hospitalizations in children under 5 years old. The findings suggest that vaccination provides indirect protection, particularly in high-income countries. Further research is needed to evaluate indirect protection in low- and middle-income countries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines by duration of follow-up: a meta-regression of randomised controlled trials.

Author: ClarkAndrew, van ZandvoortKevin, FlascheStefan, SandersonColin, BinesJulie, TateJacqueline, ParasharUmesh, JitMark

Rotavirus vaccine efficacy

This study aims to estimate the efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines at each point during follow-up and by mortality stratum.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

The efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccines in countries in Africa and Asia with high child mortality.

Author: HenschkeN, BergmanH, HungerfordD, CunliffeN A, GraisR F, KangG, ParasharU D, WangS A, NeuzilK M

Reduced rotavirus
Vaccine efficacy
Intussusception risk

Four prequalified rotavirus vaccines were found to be similarly effective in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in high mortality settings in Asia and Africa. Vaccine efficacy ranged from 48% to 57% within the first year and 29% to 54% in the second year. Importantly, none of the vaccines showed an increased risk of intussusception.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

In-vitro inhibitory effect of maternal breastmilk components on rotavirus vaccine replication and association with infant seroconversion to live oral rotavirus vaccine.

Author: KazimbayaKatayi Mwila, ChisengaCaroline C, SimuyandiMichelo, PhiriCynthia Mubanga, LabanNatasha Makabilo, BosomprahSamuel, PermarSallie R, MunsakaSody, ChilengiRoma

Rotavirus vaccine efficacy
Rotavirus diarrhea

Live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines have lower immunogenicity and efficacy in low- and middle-income countries compared to developed countries. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of maternal antibody and other non-antibody components in breastmilk on rotavirus vaccine strain multiplication and its association with vaccine seroconversion in vaccinated infants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Parenteral, non-live rotavirus vaccine: recent history and future perspective.

Author: SongJae Min

Disease burden reduction
Rotavirus vaccine development

This review provides an overview of the development status and technology of parenteral, non-live rotavirus vaccines worldwide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Review of Over 15 Years Postmarketing Safety Surveillance Spontaneous Data for the Human Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix) on Intussusception.

Author: SinghTina, DelannoisFrédérique, HaguinetFrançois, MoloLifeter Yenwo

Reduce disease burden
Intussusception

This study reviews the safety and efficacy of the human rotavirus vaccine (HRV) Rotarix. While postmarketing surveillance studies suggested an increased risk of intussusception (IS) in infants post-RV vaccination, the overall benefit-risk balance is positive, and recent findings indicate an indirect effect of reduced IS over the long term.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020.

Author: FarahmandMohammad, MoghoofeiMohsen, DorostAbolfazl, ShojaZabihollah, GhorbaniSaied, KianiSeyed Jalal, KhalesPegah, EsteghamatiAbdoulreza, SayyahfarShirin, JafarzadehMehrzad, MinaeianSara, KhanalihaKhadijeh, NaghdalipourMehri, TavakoliAhmad

Gastroenteritis

Norovirus (NoV) is a significant cause of gastroenteritis among children, with a pooled prevalence of 17.7% globally. The most common NoV genotypes are GII.4 and GII.3, and younger age and male sex are risk factors for NoV-associated gastroenteritis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Smart Safety Surveillance (3S): Multi-Country Experience of Implementing the 3S Concepts and Principles.

Author: IessaNoha, Macolic SarinicViola, GhazaryanLilit, RomanovaNaira, AlemuAsnakech, RungapiromnanWatcharee, JiamsuchonPorntip, PokhagulPattreya, CastroJose Luis, Macias Saint-GeronsDiego, GhukasyanGayane, TeferiMengistab, GuptaMadhur, PalShanthi Narayan

Improved pharmacovigilance

The Smart Safety Surveillance (3S) concept recommends countries to invest judiciously in pharmacovigilance, focusing on new priority products, sharing work and resources with other countries, and building national competence for non-delegatable activities.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Safety and immunogenicity of human neonatal RV3 rotavirus vaccine (Bio Farma) in adults, children, and neonates in Indonesia: Phase I Trial.

Author: At ThobariJarir, DamayantiWahyu, HaposanJonathan Hasian, NirwatiHera, IskandarKristy, Samad, FahmiJulianita, SariRini Mulia, BachtiarNovilia Sjafri, WattsEmma, BinesJulie E, SoenartoYati

Improved vaccine implementation
Rotavirus vaccine efficacy

Despite the availability of safe and effective rotavirus vaccines, millions of children remain unvaccinated. This study highlights the importance of developing a rotavirus vaccine that can be administered at birth, potentially improving vaccine implementation, safety, and effectiveness.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Paediatric rotavirus vaccination, coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes in children: a population-based cohort study.

Author: InnsThomas, FlemingKate M, Iturriza-GomaraMiren, HungerfordDaniel

CD prevention
Rotavirus vaccination
T1D prevention
Rotavirus infection risk

This abstract explores the potential link between rotavirus infection and the development of coeliac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). It investigates whether the introduction of infant rotavirus vaccination in the UK in 2013 has had any impact on the incidence of these diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Intussusception and Kawasaki disease after rotavirus vaccination in Taiwanese infants.

Author: HuangWan-Ting, JuanYi-Chen, LiuChia-Hung, YangYen-Yun, ChanK Arnold

rotavirus vaccine effectiveness
Kawasaki disease
intussusception

This study examined the risk of intussusception and Kawasaki disease (KD) associated with rotavirus vaccines in Taiwan. It found an increased risk of intussusception in the first week after the first dose of the RV1 vaccine, but not RV5. A potentially delayed risk of KD was observed after both RV1 and RV5. Further research is needed to confirm this delayed risk of KD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Epidemiology of Intussusception Hospitalizations in Children Under 2 Years of Age Post Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, India.

Author: KumarC P Girish, NSamarasimha Reddy, SubramanianSenthilnathan, ShenoyAswitha, ManiamRaghul, DorairajPriyadarshini, RamasubramaniamP, ThiyagarajanVarunkumar, KulandaivelM, GuruswamyRajamani, KumarB Hemanth, SelvarajanNamasivayam, KumaranJ Muthu, SundaramBalasubramanian, KumaravelS

Rotavirus vaccine
Intussusception

This study describes the epidemiology of intussusception hospitalizations in children under two years of age in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry following the introduction of the indigenous rotavirus vaccine 'ROTAVAC'. The study aims to evaluate the potential risk of vaccine-associated intussusception.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

Immunogenicity and safety of two monovalent rotavirus vaccines, ROTAVAC® and ROTAVAC 5D® in Zambian infants.

Author: ChilengiR, Mwila-KazimbayaK, ChirwaM, SukwaN, ChipetaC, VeluR M, KatanekwaN, BabjiS, KangG, McNealM M, MeyerN, GompanaG, HazraS, TangY, FloresJ, BhatN, RathiN

Rotavirus vaccine
Safe and immunogenic

This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two rotavirus vaccines, ROTAVAC and ROTAVAC 5D, in infants in Zambia. Both vaccines were derived from the same strain and showed similar safety profiles, but ROTAVAC 5D is more stable and easier to store.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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