Effects of saquinavir: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Research on the effects of saquinavir shows its potential application in various fields. For instance, 9 suggests saquinavir as a potential drug for treating COVID-19. In addition, 11 highlights the possibility of saquinavir being effective in cancer treatment, besides its known use in HIV therapy. Notably, 10 suggests saquinavir's potential in promoting skull bone healing, opening opportunities for wound healing applications. However, 20 points out that saquinavir could impact the electrical activity of the heart. Therefore, caution is advised when administering it to patients with heart conditions.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Saquinavir emerges as a promising drug with the potential to benefit various areas, including HIV treatment, COVID-19 treatment, cancer treatment, and wound healing. Particularly, 11 suggests that saquinavir could be effective in treating cancer in addition to its established role in HIV therapy. Furthermore, 10 suggests saquinavir's potential in promoting skull bone healing, opening up opportunities for wound healing applications.

Risks Summary

Saquinavir may have an impact on the electrical activity of the heart. Therefore, as highlighted in 20 , caution is advised when administering it to patients with heart conditions. Additionally, 22 points out the potential influence of malnutrition on the effectiveness of saquinavir.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Studies on saquinavir span various fields. A common thread across these studies is the suggestion of saquinavir's potential effectiveness in treating a range of diseases. Another shared aspect is the focus on repurposing saquinavir, an existing drug, for new applications. However, each study presents varying degrees of detail regarding the specific effects and safety aspects of saquinavir.

Differences

Studies on saquinavir focus on different areas due to the diverse applications being explored. For instance, 9 highlights saquinavir's potential for COVID-19 treatment, while 10 focuses on its potential in promoting skull bone healing. These contrasting focal points demonstrate the need for careful evaluation when assessing the overall impact of saquinavir across various studies.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Research on saquinavir presents both consistent and contradictory findings. For example, 11 suggests that saquinavir could be effective in cancer treatment, while 20 points out the potential negative effects of saquinavir on the heart. A comprehensive understanding of these conflicting findings requires further investigation.

Practical Applications and Cautions

While saquinavir holds potential for treating various diseases, its practical application should be approached with caution. As highlighted in 20 , special attention should be paid to patients with heart conditions. Furthermore, the effects of saquinavir may vary depending on the individual patient's condition and the specific disease being treated. Therefore, always consult a doctor and follow their instructions before taking saquinavir.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on saquinavir is still not extensive enough. As pointed out in 22 , the potential influence of malnutrition on the effectiveness of saquinavir requires further research. Additionally, a deeper understanding of saquinavir's mechanisms of action is essential. Further investigation into the long-term effects and safety of saquinavir is also necessary.

Future Research Directions

Research on saquinavir needs to progress further, particularly in exploring its potential for treating various diseases. Research focused on saquinavir's safety is crucial. Additionally, unraveling the mechanisms behind saquinavir's action could lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Saquinavir is a promising drug with potential benefits for treating various diseases. However, current research on saquinavir is still limited. Therefore, its practical application should be approached with caution. Continued research on saquinavir is necessary to develop more effective treatment approaches. When taking saquinavir, always consult a doctor and follow their instructions.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
3
Article Type
0
0
2
6
22
1.

Application of Quinoline Ring in Structural Modification of Natural Products.

Author: ZhaoYu-Qing, LiXiaoting, GuoHong-Yan, ShenQing-Kun, QuanZhe-Shan, LuanTian

Anti-parasitic properties
Antiviral properties
None mentioned

This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry of quinoline-modified natural product quinoline derivatives developed over the past 10 years. These compounds have shown inhibitory effects on bacteria, viruses, parasites, inflammation, cancer, and other diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Topical Protease Inhibitor Decreases Anal Carcinogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model of HPV Anal Disease.

Author: GunderLaura C, JohnsonHillary R, YaoEvan, MoyerTyra H, GreenHeather A, ShererNathan, ZhangWei, CarchmanEvie H

Anal dysplasia prevention
Reduced histological disease progression
Minimal systemic absorption

This study investigated the effects of topical Saquinavir (SQV), a protease inhibitor, on the prevention of anal cancer in transgenic mice with established anal dysplasia. SQV treatment significantly decreased the grade of histological disease in these mice, suggesting its potential as a chemopreventive agent. Topical SQV did not show significant systemic absorption, minimizing potential side effects. The study provides evidence for the potential of SQV as a topical therapy for preventing anal cancer progression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Understanding Drug Resistance of Wild-Type and L38HL Insertion Mutant of HIV-1 C Protease to Saquinavir.

Author: VenkatachalamSankaran, MurlidharanNisha, KrishnanSowmya R, RamakrishnanC, SetshediMpho, PandianRamesh, BarhDebmalya, TiwariSandeep, AzevedoVasco, SayedYasien, GromihaM Michael

Drug resistance

This study used computational methods to investigate the impact of a double-insertion mutation (L38HL) in HIV subtype C protease on drug resistance to the protease inhibitor saquinavir (SQV). The results showed that the mutation increased flexibility in the hinge and flap regions, leading to a decrease in binding affinity of SQV and a wider opening at the binding site. These findings provide insights into the potential drug resistance phenotype associated with this mutation in HIV subtype C.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.

Author: MousaviSarah, ZareShima, MirzaeiMahmoud, FeiziAwat

COVID-19 treatment

This study presents a systematic review through an overview of drug development for treating COVID-19. It explores various approaches to drug development, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Saquinavir: From HIV to COVID-19 and Cancer Treatment.

Author: PereiraMariana, ValeNuno

Increased HIV survival
Potential COVID-19 treatment
Potential cancer treatment

Saquinavir, the first protease inhibitor for HIV therapy, shows promise for repurposing as a treatment for COVID-19 and cancer. It has demonstrated in silico and in vitro inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), as well as anti-cancer effects in various cancers, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and improved radiosensitivity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Oral and Inhaled Fosamprenavir Reverses Pepsin-Induced Damage in a Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Mouse Model.

Author: JohnstonNikki, SamuelsTina L, GoetzChristopher J, ArnoldLeggy A, SmithBrian C, SeabloomDonna, WuertzBeverly, OndreyFrank, WiedmannTimothy S, VuksanovicNemanja, SilvaggiNicholas R, MacKinnonAlexander C, MillerJames, BockJonathan, BluminJoel H

Pepsin inhibitor identification

This study aimed to identify small molecule inhibitors of pepsin and test their efficacy to prevent pepsin-mediated laryngeal damage in vivo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

A literature review of liver function test elevations in rifampin drug-drug interaction studies.

Author: IbrahimSherry M, PithavalaYazdi K, VourvahisManoli, ChenJoseph

Liver damage

This literature review identified studies reporting liver function test (LFT) elevations associated with rifampin drug-drug interactions. The review suggests that rifampin may play a role in the metabolic activation of certain drugs into metabolites with hepatic effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Drug delivery to the intestinal lymph by oral formulations.

Author: YoshidaTakayuki, KojimaHiroyuki, SakoKazuhiro, KondoHiromu

Lymphocyte targeting
Reduced drug doses
Systemic adverse effect mitigation

Oral drug delivery systems (DDS) targeting lymphocytes in the intestinal lymphatic vessels, ducts, and nodes offer a promising approach for treating various diseases. Lipid-based DDS, such as those containing triglycerides and fatty acids, can deliver drugs to the lymph via the chylomicron pathway. This allows for reduced drug doses and potentially fewer systemic side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Current evidence for the risk of PR prolongation, QRS widening, QT prolongation, from lopinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, and saquinavir: A systematic review.

Author: RidjabDenio A, IvanIgnatius, BudimanFanny, JuliawatiDwi Jani

COVID-19 treatment
PR prolongation
QRS widening
QT prolongation

Lopinavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, and saquinavir, antiretroviral drugs used for COVID-19 treatment, can cause electrocardiography changes, including PR prolongation, QRS widening, and QT prolongation. Their potential cardiotoxicity should be considered.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Computational drug repurposing study of antiviral drugs against main protease, RNA polymerase, and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking method.

Author: JalalvandAlireza, KhatouniSomayeh Behjat, NajafiZahra Bahri, FatahiniaForoozan, IsmailzadehNarges, FarahmandBehrokh

COVID-19 treatment
Drug repurposing

This study investigated the potential of 50 antiviral drugs to inhibit three key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking. The study was designed to identify potential drug candidates for repurposing to treat COVID-19.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Influence of Malnutrition on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Poverty-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Author: VerrestLuka, WilthagenErica A, BeijnenJos H, HuitemaAlwin D R, DorloThomas P C

Drug pharmacokinetic changes

A systematic review of 29 drugs used to treat poverty-related infectious diseases (PRDs) found that malnutrition affected the pharmacokinetics of 21 drugs. Effects varied, but trends were observed for specific drug classes and different types and degrees of malnutrition. Clinically relevant effects were mainly observed in severely malnourished and kwashiorkor patients.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Repurposing Saquinavir for Host-Directed Therapy to Control Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection.

Author: PiresDavid, ValenteSofia, CaladoMarta, MandalManoj, Azevedo-PereiraJosé Miguel, AnesElsa

Tuberculosis treatment

This study investigated the potential of saquinavir, a protease inhibitor, as a host-directed therapy for tuberculosis. Saquinavir was found to increase endolysosomal protease activity in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to intracellular killing of the bacteria and improved immune responses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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