Effects of secnidazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Secnidazole is an antimicrobial drug that has shown effectiveness in treating various infections, including giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 In treating giardiasis, combining secnidazole with albendazole demonstrated effectiveness in pediatric patients who had failed conventional treatments. 14 Secnidazole was also found to be effective in treating trichomoniasis patients who had hypersensitivity to metronidazole. 5 For bacterial vaginosis, secnidazole demonstrated effectiveness as a single-dose treatment, leading to fewer side effects compared to metronidazole and other treatments. 13 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 Additionally, secnidazole has shown potential in attenuating Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, possibly overcoming antibiotic resistance. 15 Notably, secnidazole proved effective against trichomoniasis, boasting a longer half-life and lower minimal lethal concentration compared to metronidazole and tinidazole. 3 Secnidazole displayed similar in vitro activity against various microorganisms linked to bacterial vaginosis, comparable to metronidazole or tinidazole. 25 Furthermore, secnidazole demonstrated potential in effectively controlling giardiasis in dairy calves. 18

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Secnidazole is an effective antibacterial drug for treating infections like giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 It has proven effective in patients with hypersensitivity to metronidazole. 5 Secnidazole offers the advantage of being effective as a single dose, leading to fewer side effects. 13 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 Additionally, secnidazole shows potential in suppressing virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, potentially overcoming antibiotic resistance. 15 Compared to metronidazole and tinidazole, secnidazole offers a longer half-life and lower minimal lethal concentration. 3 It exhibits similar in vitro activity against various microorganisms linked to bacterial vaginosis as metronidazole and tinidazole. 25 Furthermore, secnidazole shows promise in effectively controlling giardiasis in dairy calves. 18

Risk Summary

Although generally safe, secnidazole can cause side effects such as headache, dizziness, and nausea. 22 , 23 Combining secnidazole with alcohol can increase the risk of side effects. 11 Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using secnidazole. 22

Study Comparisons

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies demonstrate that secnidazole is effective in treating infections like giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 Furthermore, studies consistently suggest that secnidazole is generally safe. 22 , 23

Differences Between Studies

There might be variations in the effectiveness and side effects of secnidazole based on different studies. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23 Direct comparison of results can be challenging due to differences in study subjects, methodologies, and evaluation criteria. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23

Consistency and Discrepancies in Results

Multiple studies consistently indicate that secnidazole is effective in treating infections like giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 However, some variation exists in the effectiveness and side effect profiles observed across these studies. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 Therefore, it is essential to acknowledge that secnidazole may not be effective for all patients. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3

Precautions for Real-World Application

Secnidazole has shown promise in treating infections like giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 However, it is crucial to remember that secnidazole may not be effective for all patients. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 Combining secnidazole with alcohol can increase the risk of adverse effects. 11 Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid secnidazole. 22 Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor and follow their instructions before using secnidazole. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23 , 11

Limitations of Current Research

The existing research on secnidazole is still limited. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23 Further research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of secnidazole’s effectiveness and side effects. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23

Future Research Directions

Further research is crucial to deepen our understanding of secnidazole’s effectiveness and side effects. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23 Specifically, studies investigating the effects of secnidazole when combined with other drugs and its long-term impacts are needed. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23

Conclusion

Secnidazole has shown promising results in treating infections like giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 However, it is important to note that secnidazole may not be effective for all patients. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 Furthermore, combining secnidazole with alcohol can increase the risk of side effects. 11 Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid secnidazole. 22 Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor and follow their instructions before using secnidazole. 14 , 6 , 5 , 20 , 3 , 22 , 23 , 11

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
1
1
1
27
1.

Development of an anti-infective urinary catheter composed of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/methylcellulose/polyethylene glycol by using a pressure-assisted 3D-printing technique.

Author: ArchanaMenon, RubiniDurairajan, DharshiniKrishnan Priya, HariBodethala Narayanan Vedha, JayasankariSenthilganesh, RamyadeviDurai, GonciarzWeronika, DomańskaAgnieszka, BrzezińskiMarek, NithyanandParamasivam

Anti-infective properties
Biofilm disruption

A study focused on 3D printing a urinary catheter with anti-infective properties using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (NaAlg), methylcellulose (MC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnated with secnidazole, an antibiotic. The 3D-printed catheter showed sustained release of secnidazole and disrupted biofilms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Secnidazole: a treatment for trichomoniasis in adolescents and adults.

Author: MuznyChristina A, Van GerwenOlivia T, LegendreDavey

Effective treatment
Favorable pharmacokinetics

Secnidazole is a potent 5-nitroimidazole drug recently approved for treating trichomoniasis. This review compares the pharmacokinetics of secnidazole to other FDA-approved treatments for trichomoniasis, highlighting its longer half-life and lower minimal lethal concentration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Mixed Sexually Transmitted Infections in Infertile Couples: Empirical Treatment and Influence on Semen Quality.

Author: YasynetskyiMykola, BanyraOleg, NikitinOleg, VentskivskaIryna, KozlovVadym, KvachMykola, BorzhievskyyAndrii

MSTIs treatment

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) are common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) found in couples struggling with infertility. When these infections occur together (mixed STIs), treating them becomes more complex because different medications are effective against each infection. Furthermore, because of the complexity of these infections, treatment is often started before knowing which medications will be most effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Successful treatment with secnidazole for trichomoniasis in the setting of metronidazole hypersensitivity.

Author: KufelWesley D, Asiago-ReddyElizabeth A, ParselsKatie A, SanyalSoma, CoyneJennifer L

Alternative treatment for trichomoniasis
Metronidazole hypersensitivity alternative
Cross-reactivity

This case report describes a patient with trichomoniasis and documented metronidazole hypersensitivity. While initial treatment with nitazoxanide failed, subsequent treatment with secnidazole resulted in clinical and microbiological cure. This suggests that secnidazole may be a potential alternative treatment option for trichomoniasis in patients with metronidazole hypersensitivity, requiring consultation with an infectious disease specialist.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Efficacy and Safety of Single Oral Dosing of Secnidazole for Trichomoniasis in Women: Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Delayed-Treatment Study.

Author: MuznyChristina A, SchwebkeJane R, NyirjesyPaul, KaufmanGregory, MenaLeandro A, LazenbyGweneth B, Van GerwenOlivia T, GravesKeonte J, ArbuckleJaneen, CarterBelvia A, McMahonConnette P, EderScott, ShawJackie, PandeyBrajesh, ChavoustieSteven E

trichomoniasis treatment
secnidazole adverse events

A single oral 2 g dose of secnidazole was associated with significantly higher microbiological cure rates than placebo in women with trichomoniasis. The cure rates were 92.2% in the secnidazole group and 1.5% in the placebo group. Secnidazole was generally well tolerated, with the most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events being vulvovaginal candidiasis and nausea.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Metronidazole and Secnidazole Carbamates: Synthesis, Antiprotozoal Activity, and Molecular Dynamics Studies.

Author: Rocha-GarduñoGenaro, Hernández-MartínezNorma Angélica, Colín-LozanoBlanca, Estrada-SotoSamuel, Hernández-NúñezEmanuel, Prieto-MartínezFernando Daniel, Medina-FrancoJosé L, Chale-DzulJuan Bautista, Moo-PucRosa, Navarrete-VázquezGabriel

Antiprotozoal activity

This study synthesized and evaluated carbamate derivatives of metronidazole and secnidazole, finding that some were more potent against Giardia duodenalis and Trichomonas vaginalis than their parent drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

5-Nitroimidazole refractory giardiasis is common in Matanzas, Cuba and effectively treated by secnidazole plus high-dose mebendazole or quinacrine: a prospective observational cohort study.

Author: CañeteR, NodaA L, RodríguezM, BritoK, HerreraE, KofoedP-E, UrsingJ

Giardiasis treatment

Secnidazole combined with high-dose mebendazole was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of 5-nitroimidazole-resistant giardiasis. In this cohort study, secnidazole plus mebendazole cured 87% of nitroimidazole refractory infections, while quinacrine cured the remaining 15 patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

11.

Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions.

Author: MergenhagenKari A, WattengelBethany A, SkellyMegan K, ClarkCollin M, RussoThomas A

Antimicrobial efficacy
Alcohol interaction
Disulfiram-like reaction

This study reviews the evidence behind alcohol warnings issued for common antimicrobials. It finds that many antibiotics can be safely used with alcohol, but some may have reduced efficacy or increased risk of adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Giardiasis: report of a case refractory to treatment.

Author: IzaJosé A, IzaShirley N, OliveraMario J

Giardiasis treatment
Treatment failure

This case report describes a patient with recurrent giardiasis that was refractory to conventional treatment with nitroimidazoles. The patient's symptoms and parasitic forms of Giardia lamblia persisted despite various therapies. This highlights the challenge of managing giardiasis refractory to nitroimidazoles, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment regimens.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Efficacy and safety of single dose of oral secnidazole 2 g in treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ElghazalyShrouk M, HamamKhaled M, BadawyMarwa M, Yakoub AghaNadim Aiman, SamyAhmed, AbbasAhmed M

BV treatment
Adverse effects

Single oral dose of secnidazole 2 g doesn't differ from metronidazole regimen however, it may be inferior to ornidazole in treatment of BV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

A prophylactic protocol to stimulate the immune response also controls infectious disease and, consequently, minimizes diarrhea in newborn heifers.

Author: VolpatoAndreia, Da SilvaAleksandro S, CrecencioRegiane B, TomasiThainã, FortuosoBruno F, RibeiroMarluciana P, SeccoRodrigo, PereiraWanderson A B, BottariNathieli B, SchetingerMaria Rosa C, MorschVera Maria M, BaldisseraMatheus D, StefaniLenita M, MachadoGustavo

Improved immune system
Increased weight gain
Reduced diarrhea

This study investigated the effects of selenium (Se) and vitamins (A and E) applied subcutaneously, along with oral secnidazole, on the antioxidant and immune systems of newborn Holstein heifers. The treated group showed improvements in hematocrit, total serum protein, ceruloplasmin, IgG levels, and haptoglobin levels compared to the control group. Secnidazole effectively prevented infections caused by Giardia duodenalis. While there was no difference in total bacteria count or diarrhea incidence between groups, the treated group had higher weight gain at 210 days of life. These findings suggest that the injectable application of Se, vitamins A and E, and secnidazole can enhance the immune system and promote animal performance.

Clinical Trial, VeterinaryClinical trials involving animals. They are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new drugs and treatments and contribute to the advancement of veterinary medicine.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

5-Nitroimidazole-derived Schiff bases and their copper(II) complexes exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic anaerobic bacteria.

Author: OliveiraAlexandre A, OliveiraAna P A, FrancoLucas L, FerencsMicael O, FerreiraJoão F G, BachiSofia M P S, SpezialiNivaldo L, FariasLuiz M, MagalhãesPaula P, BeraldoHeloisa

Antibacterial activity
Improved efficacy against anaerobic bacteria

A family of novel secnidazole-derived Schiff base compounds and their copper(II) complexes were synthesized and found to exhibit in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically important anaerobic bacterial strains. Some derivatives were even more active than the antimicrobial drugs secnidazole and metronidazole.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Secnidazole for control of giardiasis in dairy calves.

Author: VolpatoAndreia, FortuosoBruno F, CampigottoGabriela, GlombowskyPatrícia, BottariNathieli B, LopesLeandro S, Da SilvaAleksandro Schafer

Giardiasis treatment

Secnidazole is a medication that is used to treat giardiasis, a parasitic infection. This study found that secnidazole was 100% effective in eliminating Giardia duodenalis cysts in calves.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

<i>In Vitro</i> Study of the Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis to Metronidazole and Secnidazole.

Author: GhoshArindam P, AycockCheri, SchwebkeJane R

Better in vitro activity
MTZ resistance
TNZ resistance

This study found that secnidazole is more effective in vitro against Trichomonas vaginalis than metronidazole, the current standard treatment. This finding is concerning given the rising prevalence of nitroimidazole resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Secnidazole: next-generation antimicrobial agent for bacterial vaginosis treatment.

Author: NyirjesyPaul, SchwebkeJane R

BV treatment

This study reviewed the benefits of secnidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. A single 2g dose of secnidazole was found to be effective and safe in clinical trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Two Phase 1, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized, Crossover Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Orally Administered Granules of Secnidazole (2 g) in Healthy Female Volunteers Under Different Administration Conditions.

Author: PentikisHelen S, AdetoroNikki

Single-dose BV treatment
Gastrointestinal adverse events
Headache

SYM-1219, a novel single-dose treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV), was investigated for its pharmacokinetics and safety. Two phase 1 trials found that SYM-1219 was bioequivalent when administered in different food states.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Thorough QT/QTc Evaluation of the Cardiac Safety of Secnidazole at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Individuals.

Author: DarpoBorje, XueHongqi, AdetoroNikki, MatthewsBarbara G, PentikisHelen S

Secnidazole bacterial vaginosis
Secnidazole ECG effects

SYM-1219, a single-dose oral granule formulation of secnidazole, is being developed to treat bacterial vaginosis. This study in 52 healthy subjects found that single doses of SYM-1219 (2g and 6g) did not significantly affect QTcF interval, even at doses 3.4 times higher than therapeutic levels. The most common side effects were headache, dizziness, and nausea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Secnidazole Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: HillierSharon L, NyirjesyPaul, WaldbaumArthur S, SchwebkeJane R, MorganFranklin G, AdetoroNikki A, BraunCarol J

Secnidazole treatment

Oral secnidazole granules containing 1 and 2 g were superior to placebo in bacterial vaginosis treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Susceptibility of bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacteria to secnidazole compared to metronidazole, tinidazole and clindamycin.

Author: PetrinaMelinda A B, CosentinoLisa A, RabeLorna K, HillierSharon L

BV treatment

This study evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of vaginal isolates of facultative and anaerobic bacteria to secnidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole, and clindamycin. The results suggest that secnidazole has similar in vitro activity against BV-related microorganisms compared to metronidazole and tinidazole, but spares lactobacilli.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

26.

The efficacy of proanthocyanidins and secnidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planing therapy.

Author: LiM, LiR, JinQ, PangJ, XuZ

Periodontitis treatment

This study evaluated the clinical and microbiological effects of proanthocyanidins and secnidazole in treating periodontitis. The study found that both treatments, compared to a placebo, resulted in significant reductions in gingival bleeding, gingival inflammation, and pocket depth.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

Coinfection with <i>Hymenolepis nana</i>, <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>, <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report with Complex Immunologic Interactions.

Author: Pérez-ChacónGladymar, PocaterraLeonor A, RojasElsy, HernánAurora, JiménezJuan Carlos, NúñezLuz

Antiretroviral therapy
Diarrhea
Weight loss

This case report describes a 43-year-old HIV-infected man with chronic diarrhea and critical weight loss due to coinfection with Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, and Giardia intestinalis. The report reviews the immunological aspects of these interactions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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