Effects of teriflunomide: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

  1. Home
  2. Effects of teriflunomide
This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effects of teriflunomide: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician. If you have concerns about "Effects of teriflunomide: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies", please consult your doctor.

For NLM copyright information, please see Link to NLM Copyright Page
PubMed data is obtained via Hugging Face Datasets: Link to DatasetPlease check the disclaimer.
This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Teriflunomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent approved in the United States for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). A study investigating the effects of teriflunomide on neurophysiological deficits in descending spinal cord motor tracts during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a model of multiple sclerosis) found that both prophylactic and therapeutic teriflunomide treatment significantly reduced maximum EAE disease scores compared with vehicle-treated rats. 5 Additionally, electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both teriflunomide treatment regimens prevented a delay in wave-form latency and a decrease in wave-form amplitude compared with that observed in vehicle-treated animals. Both treatment regimens also significantly reduced axonal loss. This suggests that teriflunomide can prevent the deficits observed in this animal model in descending spinal cord motor tracts.

Another study investigating the effects of teriflunomide on lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro found that teriflunomide had little to no impact on lymphocyte activation but exerted significant dose-dependent inhibition of T- and B-cell proliferation. 4 This inhibition was uridine-reversible (DHODH-dependent). Furthermore, teriflunomide significantly decreased the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated monocytes in a DHODH-independent fashion. The results of this study suggest that teriflunomide acts on multiple immune cell types and processes via DHODH-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Teriflunomide is a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). 16 While its mechanism of action is thought to be related to the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key mitochondrial enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway required by rapidly dividing lymphocytes, more research is needed to understand how the adaptive and innate immune cell subsets are affected by the treatment in patients with MS.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Research suggests that teriflunomide may offer several benefits in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 5 , 3 , 16

  • May reduce the maximum EAE disease score.
  • May prevent neurophysiological deficits in descending spinal cord motor tracts.
  • May reduce axonal loss.
  • May inhibit the proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes.
  • May inhibit the proliferation of T cells and B cells.
  • May decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • May preferentially inhibit the proliferation of high-affinity autoreactive T cell clones.
  • May correct metabolic disturbances in T cells.

Risk Summary

Teriflunomide may be associated with some risks in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 4 , 18

  • May cause cytotoxicity.
  • May cause side effects such as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, suggesting that teriflunomide may be an effective treatment option for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Differences of Studies

The studies on teriflunomide have explored different aspects of its mechanism of action, effectiveness, and safety. For example, 5 focused on the effects of teriflunomide on descending spinal cord motor tracts in animal models, while 4 investigated the effects of teriflunomide on lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro. 3 explored the effect of teriflunomide on T cell mitochondrial respiration.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While numerous studies suggest that teriflunomide may be an effective and safe treatment for multiple sclerosis, the precise mechanism of action, effectiveness, and safety profile still require further investigation. More research is needed to address these remaining questions.

Practical Implications

Teriflunomide appears to be a clinically effective treatment option for multiple sclerosis. However, as with any medication, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and discuss your medical history and any other medications you may be taking before starting treatment with teriflunomide.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on teriflunomide is ongoing, and further investigation is needed to solidify its effectiveness and safety. Teriflunomide is a relatively new medication for treating multiple sclerosis, and long-term effects remain to be fully understood. More research is needed to address these limitations.

Future Research Directions

Future research on teriflunomide should consider the following areas:

  • Elucidating the specific mechanism of action of teriflunomide.
  • Investigating the long-term effects of teriflunomide.
  • Establishing the optimal dosage and administration method for teriflunomide.
  • Exploring ways to mitigate the side effects of teriflunomide.

Conclusion

Teriflunomide shows promise as a potentially effective and safe treatment for multiple sclerosis. However, it's important to remember that every individual responds differently to medication, and it's essential to discuss your medical history and any concerns with your doctor before starting any new treatment. Further research will continue to provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness, safety, and mechanism of action of teriflunomide.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
1
0
4
20
2.

Effects of Teriflunomide on B Cell Subsets in MuSK-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis.

Author: YilmazVuslat, UlusoyCanan, HajtovicSabastian, TurkogluRecai, KurtuncuMurat, TzartosJohn, LazaridisKonstantinos, TuzunErdem

MuSK-MG treatment
Teriflunomide treatment

This study suggests that teriflunomide, a drug approved for multiple sclerosis (MS), could be a potential treatment for MuSK-associated myasthenia gravis (MG). Teriflunomide treatment ameliorated MuSK-autoimmunity in mice and reduced effector B cell ratios in both mice and MS patients.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Teriflunomide treatment for multiple sclerosis modulates T cell mitochondrial respiration with affinity-dependent effects.

Author: KlotzLuisa, EschbornMelanie, LindnerMaren, LiebmannMarie, HeroldMartin, JanoschkaClaudia, Torres GarridoBelén, Schulte-MecklenbeckAndreas, GrossCatharina C, BreuerJohanna, HundehegePetra, PosevitzVilmos, PignoletBéatrice, NebelGiulia, GlanderShirin, FreiseNicole, AustermannJudith, WirthTimo, CampbellGraham R, Schneider-HohendorfTilman, EveslageMaria, BrassatDavid, SchwabNicholas, LoserKarin, RothJohannes, BuschKarin B, StollMonika, MahadDon J, MeuthSven G, TurnerTimothy, Bar-OrAmit, WiendlHeinz

T cell proliferation inhibition
T cell repertoire recovery

Teriflunomide is a drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme involved in the production of pyrimidines, essential building blocks for DNA and RNA. This study investigated the effects of teriflunomide on T cells, a type of immune cell involved in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). The study found that teriflunomide preferentially suppressed the proliferation of high-affinity T cells, likely due to its effect on T cell metabolism. These findings suggest that teriflunomide may be particularly effective in targeting autoreactive T cells, which are responsible for driving autoimmune responses.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

The effects of teriflunomide on lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

Author: LiLi, LiuJingchun, DeloheryThomas, ZhangDonghui, ArendtChristopher, JonesCatherine

Multiple sclerosis treatment

Teriflunomide, a drug used to treat multiple sclerosis, inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and reduces T- and B-cell proliferation. It also reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated monocytes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic teriflunomide in transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials in the dark agouti rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Author: Iglesias-BregnaDeborah, HanakSusan, JiZhongqi, PettyMargaret, LiuLi, ZhangDonghui, McMonagle-StruckoKathleen

Improved motor function
Reduced EAE disease scores
Reduced axonal loss

Teriflunomide, an immunomodulatory agent, effectively reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats, a model for multiple sclerosis. It prevented axonal damage and improved motor function by reducing inflammation and demyelination.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Teriflunomide (leflunomide) promotes cytostatic, antioxidant, and apoptotic effects in transformed prostate epithelial cells: evidence supporting a role for teriflunomide in prostate cancer chemoprevention.

Author: HailNumsen, ChenPing, BushmanLane R

Prostate cancer chemoprevention

This study investigated the potential of teriflunomide (TFN), an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, for prostate cancer chemoprevention. TFN was found to induce cytostasis and/or apoptosis in premalignant and malignant human prostate epithelial cells, suggesting its potential role in preventing prostate cancer development.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Teriflunomide encourages cytostatic and apoptotic effects in premalignant and malignant cutaneous keratinocytes.

Author: HailNumsen, ChenPing, RowerJoseph, BushmanLane R

Skin cancer chemoprevention
Skin cancer therapy

Teriflunomide is a drug that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. This study investigated the effects of teriflunomide on human skin cells. The study found that teriflunomide can kill skin cancer cells and may be useful for preventing or treating skin cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Leflunomide alleviates obesity via activation of the TAK1-AMPK pathway and induction of lipophagy.

Author: JiXiaoyue, ChenJunhong, YouChaoying, SunJing, XuXiulong

Glucose control
Weight loss
None mentioned

Leflunomide is a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. This study found that leflunomide can reduce obesity by activating a process called lipophagy, which breaks down fat.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Ponesimod, a Selective S1P1 Receptor Modulator, in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Author: KrugerTerra M, ValenzuelaBelén, ThompsonCharles D, Ouwerkerk-MahadevanSivi, RuixoJuan Jose Perez

RRMS treatment
Reduced relapse rate
Lymphocyte count reduction
Transient heart rate decrease

Ponesimod, a selective S1P receptor modulator, is indicated for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This review summarizes the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ponesimod.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Overall and patient-specific comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate versus teriflunomide: A novel approach to precision medicine applied to the German NeuroTrans Data Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

Author: JiangXiaotong, SimoneauGabrielle, ZuercherMel, HeerYanic, van HoevellPhilip, HarringtonAdrian, Castro-BorreroWanda, de MoorCarl, PellegriniFabio, TianLu, BergmannArnfin, BrauneStefan

DMF disease progression delay
DMF relapse reduction

A novel precision medicine (PM) scoring approach can disentangle prognostic differences from treatment effect heterogeneity and provide unbiased patient-specific profiling of comparative effectiveness based on real-world data.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Effectiveness of multiple disease-modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: causal inference to emulate a multiarm randomised trial.

Author: DioufIbrahima, MalpasCharles B, SharminSifat, RoosIzanne, HorakovaDana, Kubala HavrdovaEva, PattiFrancesco, ShaygannejadVahid, OzakbasSerkan, EichauSara, OnofrjMarco, LugaresiAlessandra, AlroughaniRaed, PratAlexandre, DuquettePierre, TerziMurat, BozCavit, Grand'MaisonFrancois, SolaPatrizia, FerraroDiana, GrammondPierre, YamoutBassem, AltintasAyse, GerlachOliver, Lechner-ScottJeannette, BergamaschiRoberto, KarabudakRana, IulianoGerardo, McGuiganChristopher, CartechiniElisabetta, HughesStella, SaMaria Jose, SolaroClaudio, KapposLudwig, HodgkinsonSuzanne, SleeMark, GranellaFranco, de GansKoen, McCombePamela A, AmpapaRadek, van der WaltAnneke, ButzkuevenHelmut, Sánchez-MenoyoJosé Luis, VucicSteve, LaureysGuy, SidhomYoussef, GouiderRiadh, Castillo-TrivinoTamara, GrayOrla, Aguera-MoralesEduardo, Al-AsmiAbdullah, ShawCameron, Al-HarbiTalal M, CsepanyTunde, SempereAngel P, Treviño FrenkIrene, StuartElizabeth A, KalincikTomas

Reduced disability worsening
Reduced relapses
Unknown

Natalizumab and fingolimod were more effective than dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, glatiramer acetate, and interferon beta in reducing relapses and disability worsening in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Teriflunomide modulates both innate and adaptive immune capacities in multiple sclerosis.

Author: WuQi, WangQin, YangJennifer, MillsElizabeth A, ChilukuriPavani, SaadAiya, DowlingCatherine A, FisherCaitlyn, KirchBrittany, Mao-DraayerYang

RRMS treatment

This abstract discusses the use of teriflunomide (TER) for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and its mechanism of action.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.

Author: KiharaYasuyuki, ChunJerold

MS treatment

This review summarizes the currently approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) and provides details on the molecular pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and neuropharmacology of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators. It highlights the CNS-oriented, astrocyte-centric mechanism of action of fingolimod, a S1PR modulator, suggesting a potential dual role in reducing both inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

18.

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus as a rare complication of disease-modifying therapy administration in multiple sclerosis: case report.

Author: XuKe, ZhangMengjie, YangShilin, YuGang, ZhengPeng, QinXinyue, FengJinzhou

Leflunomide association
SCLE risk
Teriflunomide complications

This case study describes a rare case of a 28-year-old female with multiple sclerosis who developed subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) after starting teriflunomide treatment.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: Implications for gut microbiota.

Author: PilottoSilvy, ZoledziewskaMagdalena, FenuGiuseppe, CoccoEleonora, LoreficeLorena

The gut microbiome plays a role in multiple sclerosis (MS), and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) impact the gut microenvironment. This review summarizes current research on the effects of DMTs on the gut microbiome and their potential implications for MS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Increased NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis With Fingolimod Treatment Failure.

Author: MalhotraSunny, Hurtado-NavarroLaura, PappollaAgustin, VillarLuisa M M, RíoJordi, MontalbanXavier, PelegrinPablo, ComabellaManuel

MS treatment

This study investigates the potential role of fingolimod, an oral therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), in modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of MS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

This site uses cookies. Visit our privacy policy page or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.