Effects of tolnaftate: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Tolnaftate is an antifungal medication that has been shown to be effective in treating various fungal infections, particularly dermatophytosis. 9 found that tolnaftate inhibits squalene epoxidase (SE) activity in Trichophyton rubrum, a dermatophyte fungus. 11 reported that tolnaftate effectively killed athlete's foot fungi, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. demonstrated that tolnaftate was equally effective in treating superficial dermatophytosis compared to griseofulvin. 10 showed that tolnaftate inhibits the synthesis of phospholipids and sterols, essential components of fungal cell membranes, in Microsporum gypseum. 2 found that tolnaftate was effective in treating onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nails. 4 indicated that tolnaftate was as effective as clotrimazole in treating both dermatophytosis and candidiasis. 5 suggested that tolnaftate may pose a teratogenic risk during pregnancy, warranting further investigation.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Tolnaftate is an effective treatment for various fungal infections, including athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. It has demonstrated efficacy against a range of dermatophytes and is often comparable to other antifungal medications.

Risk Summary

While generally considered safe, tolnaftate can cause side effects in some individuals, including skin irritation, redness, and swelling. Pregnancy is a concern, and it is recommended to consult a physician about using tolnaftate during this period. Tolnaftate can also interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

The studies consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of tolnaftate in treating fungal infections, particularly those caused by dermatophytes. They suggest that tolnaftate works by interfering with the formation of fungal cell membranes.

Differences

The studies differ in the specific types of fungi targeted, the methods used, and the extent of side effect evaluation. Some studies focus on specific fungal infections, while others provide broader comparisons with other antifungal agents.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

The studies generally show consistency in the effectiveness of tolnaftate, demonstrating its efficacy in treating various fungal infections. However, some differences arise in the reported side effects, necessitating further research to fully understand its safety profile.

Real-World Applications and Precautions

While tolnaftate is an effective treatment option, it is essential to consult a physician for diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. Self-treating can be risky, and a physician can provide personalized recommendations based on individual needs and medical history.

Limitations of Current Research

The current research on tolnaftate is not exhaustive. Further investigation is needed to fully understand its mechanism of action, its safety profile, and potential for drug interactions. Additional research could also explore novel formulations of tolnaftate to enhance its effectiveness.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on clarifying the precise mechanism of action of tolnaftate, conducting extensive safety studies, and investigating potential drug interactions. Research on new formulations and delivery methods could enhance its efficacy and convenience for patients.

Conclusion

Tolnaftate is a valuable antifungal medication for treating various fungal infections. However, it is crucial to consult a physician before using it to ensure proper diagnosis, treatment, and safety. If you suspect a fungal infection, seek medical attention for personalized guidance and treatment.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
9
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
0
0
1
11
1.

Tinidazole vs metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Author: SchwebkeJane R, DesmondRenee A

Bacterial vaginosis treatment
Side effects

Tinidazole was as effective as metronidazole in treating bacterial vaginosis. In a randomized controlled trial involving 593 women, there were no significant differences in cure rates between metronidazole and tinidazole, regardless of the dosage used.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Treatment of onychomycosis by ODT therapy with 20% urea ointment and 2% tolnaftate ointment.

Author: IshiiM, HamadaT, AsaiY

Onychomycosis treatment
Onycholysis
Onychomalacia

Tolnaftate and urea ointment treatment resulted in onychomalacia and onycholysis in 17 of 20 patients with distal onychomycosis. Fourteen patients responded to treatment with complete nail regrowth and no fungal presence. No serious side effects were observed.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Oxiconazole nitrate: pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of a new imidazole antifungal agent.

Author: JegasothyB V, PakesG E

Tinea treatment

Oxiconazole cream effectively treated various types of dermatophytoses, demonstrating efficacy comparable to or better than other topical antifungal agents.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Topical treatment of dermatophytoses and candidoses.

Author: KeczkesK, LeightonI, GoodC S

Candidoses treatment
Dermatophytoses treatment

Clotrimazole cream was effective in treating both dermatophytoses and candidoses and was as effective and acceptable as tolnaftate and nystatin creams in each condition.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Characterization of iprodione resistance in Botrytis cinerea from strawberry and blackberry.

Author: GrabkeAnja, Fernández-OrtuñoDolores, AmiriAchour, LiXingpeng, PeresNatália A, SmithPowell, SchnabelGuido

Gray mold resistance

Botrytis cinerea, the fungal pathogen that causes gray mold in strawberries, is becoming increasingly resistant to the dicarboximide fungicide iprodione. This study found that resistance to iprodione was widespread in strawberry fields in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina, with mutations in the bos1 gene associated with resistance. The study also suggested that drug efflux pump activity may play a role in resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

8.

[Progresses in the development of antimycotic effective substances (author's transl)].

Author: PlempelM

Effective for fungal infections

A comparative review of widely used classic and modern antimycotic agents is presented, including polyenes, griseofulvin, tolnaftate, 5-fluorcytosine, and imidazoles. The agents are compared in terms of their antimycotic, pharmacokinetic, and therapeutic properties.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

9.

Characterization of squalene epoxidase activity from the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and its inhibition by terbinafine and other antimycotic agents.

Author: FavreB, RyderN S

Dermatophyte treatment
Inhibition of SE activity

Terbinafine, naftifine, and thiocarbamates are potent inhibitors of squalene epoxidase (SE) in Trichophyton rubrum. The sensitivity of T. rubrum SE to terbinafine was only slightly higher than that of Candida albicans SE, suggesting that the drug accumulates in the fungus.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Studies on the mode of action of tolnaftate in Microsporum gypseum.

Author: GuptaM P, KapurN, BalaI, KhullerG K

Antifungal activity
Resistance

Tolnaftate, an antifungal drug, was found to inhibit biosynthesis of various macromolecules in Microsporum gypseum, except for RNA. This suggests a multi-target mechanism of action. Tolnaftate-resistant strains exhibited higher phospholipid content and altered enzyme activity, indicating potential changes in target sites.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Comparison of in vitro activity of undecylenic acid and tolnaftate against athlete's foot fungi.

Author: AmselL P, CravitzL, VanderWykR, ZahryS

Fungal infection treatment

Undecylenic acid and tolnaftate were equally effective in vitro against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. However, a commercial product containing undecylenic acid showed greater efficacy than the tolnaftate product.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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