Effects of trimethobenzamide: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Trimethobenzamide is an antiemetic drug that has been shown to be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. 21 One study found that trimethobenzamide was more effective than placebo in relieving nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. 21 Another study found that trimethobenzamide was effective in reducing vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis. 4 Additionally, trimethobenzamide has been shown to be effective in preventing nausea and vomiting caused by apomorphine, a drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease. 8

Trimethobenzamide may have an effect on appetite. 18 One study found that trimethobenzamide reduced food intake in rats. 18 However, it’s important to note that the mechanism by which trimethobenzamide affects appetite is not fully understood, and further research is needed to clarify its role in appetite regulation.

Trimethobenzamide does not affect taste aversion learning. 20 One study found that trimethobenzamide did not disrupt taste aversion learning in rats that had been exposed to radiation or lithium chloride. 20

Trimethobenzamide may be harmful to the developing fetus. 19 One study found that a twin was born with prune belly syndrome and congenital heart defect following exposure to Bendectin and Tigan, which contains trimethobenzamide. 19 Additionally, another study found that trimethobenzamide was more toxic and teratogenic than other antiemetics in cultured rat embryos. 2 However, it’s important to note that the teratogenic potential of trimethobenzamide has not been definitively established, and further research is needed.

Trimethobenzamide may cause neurological side effects. One study reported extrapyramidal dysfunction in a neonate who was given trimethobenzamide. Additionally, a study in neonatal rats found that trimethobenzamide exposure in utero caused growth failure, tardive dyskinesia, and hepatic damage. 3 It is important to be aware of these potential side effects and to consult a doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms after taking trimethobenzamide.

Trimethobenzamide may cause liver problems. One study reported a case of hepatitis following the administration of trimethobenzamide. If you have a history of liver disease, it is important to consult a doctor before taking trimethobenzamide.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Trimethobenzamide is an effective antiemetic drug that can help reduce nausea and vomiting. 21 、 1 It has been shown to be effective in treating nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, gastroenteritis, and apomorphine. 21 、 4 、 8

Risks Summary

Trimethobenzamide may be harmful to the developing fetus. 19 、 2 It may also cause neurological side effects and liver problems. 、 3 、

Comparison between Studies

Similarities

Many studies have shown that trimethobenzamide is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. 21 、 1 、 4 、 8 They have also found that trimethobenzamide may be harmful to the developing fetus. 19 、 2

Differences

Studies have produced mixed results on the effect of trimethobenzamide on appetite. 18 、 16 Additionally, the side effects of trimethobenzamide reported in different studies vary. 、 3 、

Consistency and Contradictions

There is a consistency in the findings that trimethobenzamide is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. 21 、 1 、 4 、 8 However, the findings regarding trimethobenzamide’s effect on appetite and its side effects are inconsistent. 18 、 16 、 、 3 、

Practical Considerations

Trimethobenzamide has been shown to be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. 21 、 1 、 4 、 8 However, it’s important to be aware that trimethobenzamide may not be suitable for everyone, especially pregnant women, people with liver disease, or people who may be sensitive to its potential side effects. 19 、 2 、 23 、 It is crucial to talk to your doctor before taking trimethobenzamide to ensure it is safe and appropriate for you.

Limitations

There is still a need for more research to fully understand the effects of trimethobenzamide, particularly its long-term effects. 18 、 16 、 、 3 、

Future Directions

Further research is needed to investigate the effects of trimethobenzamide, particularly its effects on appetite and its long-term effects. 18 、 16 、 、 3 、

Conclusion

Trimethobenzamide is an effective antiemetic drug that has been shown to reduce nausea and vomiting in various situations. 21 、 1 、 4 、 8 However, it is important to be aware of its potential risks, especially for pregnant women and people with liver disease. 19 、 2 、 23 、 It is essential to consult with your doctor before taking trimethobenzamide to ensure its safety and appropriateness for you. 、 3 、

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
8
Article Type
2
0
0
3
23
1.

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of trimethobenzamide to control nausea and vomiting during initiation and continued treatment with subcutaneous apomorphine injection.

Author: HauserRobert A, IsaacsonStuart, ClinchThomas,

Nausea/vomiting reduction

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 182 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) found that trimethobenzamide helped reduce nausea and vomiting during the first 8 weeks of apomorphine therapy, but was not needed thereafter. Trimethobenzamide did not worsen parkinsonism or affect the 'on' response after apomorphine injection.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Growth failure, tardive dyskinesia, megacolon development, and hepatic damage in neonatal rats following exposure to trimethobenzamide in utero.

Author: Goksu ErolAzize Yasemin, GokcimenAlpaslan, OzdemirOner

Hepatic damage
Neurological damage

This study found that in utero exposure to trimethobenzamide (TMB) may cause growth retardation, neurological damage in the developing brain and intestine, and hepatic damage. The study involved pregnant rats and their offspring.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Acute gastroenteritis in children: role of anti-emetic medication for gastroenteritis-related vomiting.

Author: LeungAlexander K C, RobsonWm Lane M

Gastroenteritis treatment
ORT facilitation
Reduced vomiting

This study discusses the role of anti-emetic medications in the treatment of gastroenteritis-related vomiting in children. While oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is effective, vomiting can hinder its effectiveness and increase the risk of dehydration. The study reviews current anti-emetic options and concludes that ondansetron shows promise as a first-line anti-emetic for gastroenteritis-related vomiting, but further research is needed to confirm its routine recommendation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

A clinical trial of trimethobenzamide/diphenhydramine versus sumatriptan for acute migraines.

Author: FriedmanBenjamin W, HochbergMichael, EssesDavid, BijurPolly E, CorboJill, PaternosterJoseph, SolorzanoClemencia, ToosiBabak, LiptonRichard B, GallagherE John

Improved migraine treatment
Migraine

While various medications are used in the emergency department (ED) to treat acute migraines, none provide complete pain relief without side effects or headaches coming back. Even though anti-nausea medications and sumatriptan injections have shown effectiveness, there's still a need for better treatments given through injection. Early studies suggest that combining trimethobenzamide and diphenhydramine might be effective for a large percentage of migraine sufferers.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Effects of antiemetic drugs on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and some antioxidant enzymes.

Author: OzmenIsmail, KüfreviogluO Irfan

Oxidative stress

Antiemetics, particularly ondansetron hydrochloride, can affect G6PD and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes, suggesting potential oxidative stress.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Practical considerations in the use of apomorphine injectable.

Author: BowronAnnette

Improved motor function
Confusion
Dyskinesia
Hallucinations
Hypersexuality
Nausea
Postural hypotension
Skin nodule formation
Somnolence

This article provides a practical guide to the use of subcutaneous apomorphine for Parkinson's disease patients experiencing "off" periods. It includes information on patient education, pre-treatment assessment, dose titration, and side effect management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Rapid treatment of "wearing off" in Parkinson's disease.

Author: SwopeDavid M

Improved motor function
Dyskinesias
Nausea
Orthostatic hypotension

This manuscript discusses "rescue" therapies for Parkinson's disease patients experiencing motor complications associated with levodopa therapy. It covers strategies for administering liquid levodopa and reviews other levodopa preparations under development. It also provides practical guidelines for the use of subcutaneous apomorphine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Prescription medication use during pregnancy and risk of infant leukemia (United States).

Author: RossJulie A, XieYang, DaviesStella M, ShuXiao-ou, PendergrassThomas W, RobisonLeslie L

Infant leukemia

This case-control study explored whether maternal medication use during pregnancy may be an important etiologic area for investigation in studies of infant leukemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Antiemetic inhibits conditioned taste aversion, but not the hypophagia induced by epinephrine.

Author: RacottaI S, ArzuffiR, GarduñoI, RacottaR

Hypophagia

This study investigated whether epinephrine-induced hypophagia in rats is caused by malaise. Administration of trimethobenzamide, an antiemetic agent, reduced epinephrine-induced taste aversion but did not affect hypophagia. This suggests that malaise is not the primary cause of epinephrine-induced decreased food intake.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Intranasal apomorphine rescue therapy for parkinsonian "off" periods.

Author: DeweyR B, MaraganoreD M, AhlskogJ E, MatsumotoJ Y

Ease of administration
Effective antiemetic for apomorphine
Rapid relief of Parkinsonian 'off' states
Nausea and vomiting
Orthostatic hypotension

This open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intranasal apomorphine in 11 patients with levodopa-related motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Intranasal apomorphine was found to be effective in rapidly relieving "off" states, with a similar magnitude of motor improvement compared to levodopa/carbidopa. The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting, effectively managed with trimethobenzamide. Intranasal apomorphine offers a rapid and convenient treatment option for managing "off" states in Parkinson's disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Does a learned taste aversion contribute to the anorectic effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide?

Author: WeingartenS, SennM, LanghansW

Anorectic effect

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces an anorectic effect in rats that is not solely due to a conditioned taste aversion. LPS inhibited food intake in rats, but the effect was not dependent on the novelty of the diet or prior food deprivation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Chin rub CRs may reflect conditioned sickness elicited by a lithium-paired sucrose solution.

Author: ParkerL A, MacLeodK B

Antiemetic effect
None mentioned

The study investigated the role of the antiemetic agent trimethobenzamide in suppressing conditioned taste aversion in rats. Trimethobenzamide suppressed the aversive response to lithium chloride-paired sucrose, suggesting that chin rub responses may be a measure of conditioned sickness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

15.

Neuroleptic-like properties of cholecystokinin analogs: distinctive mechanisms underlying similar behavioral profiles depending on the route of administration.

Author: De WitteP, GewissM, RoquesB, VanderhaeghenJ J

Neuroleptic effects

Caerulein, a cholecystokinin (CCK) analog, was found to produce effects similar to those of neuroleptics in rats. IP injection of caerulein led to behavioral changes that were similar to those caused by neuroleptics, suggesting that caerulein might have neuroleptic-like effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

The antiemetic drug trimethobenzamide prevents hypophagia due to acetyl salicylate, but not to 5-HT1B or 5-HT1C agonists.

Author: KennettG A, CurzonG

Antiemetic

Trimethobenzamide prevented the hypophagic response of rats to acetyl salicylate but not to 5-HT agonists, suggesting that the hypophagic effects of 5-HT agonists do not involve a malaise-dependent mechanism.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

An antiemetic is antidotal to the satiety effects of cholecystokinin.

Author: MooreB O, DeutschJ A

Reduced food intake
Antiemetic effect

CCK-induced reductions in food intake were significantly attenuated by an antiemetic, suggesting that CCK's effects on food intake are not due to normal satiety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Prune belly syndrome and heart defect in one of monozygotic twins, following exposure to Tigan and Bendectin.

Author: GreeneC, WilsonA, ShapiraE

Congenital heart defect
Prune belly syndrome

One twin was diagnosed with prune belly syndrome and a congenital heart defect after exposure to Bendectin and Tigan. While the twins were monozygotic, the study explores the potential link between prune belly syndrome and monozygotic twinning or teratogenic agents.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Effects of antiemetics on the acquisition and recall of radiation- and lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions.

Author: RabinB M, HuntW A

Antiemetics did not affect the acquisition or recall of conditioned taste aversions induced by ionizing radiation or lithium chloride in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

The attenuation of a specific cue-to-consequence association by antiemetic agents.

Author: CoilJ D, HankinsW G, JendenD J, GarciaJ

Taste aversion

Antiemetic drugs were effective in attenuating conditioned taste aversions in rats, suggesting that the aversions are mediated by nausea. The drugs had no effect on conditioned fear or natural aversion to a bitter taste.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

23.

An evaluation of the teratogenicity of certain antinauseant drugs.

Author: MilkovichL, van den BergB J

Not teratogenic
Possible teratogenicity with trimethobenzamide

Antinauseant drugs were found to have no association with teratogenicity, except for trimethobenzamide, which showed a slight suggestion of an excess of severe congenital anomalies.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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