Effects of vincristine lipid complex injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Varenicline is a medication used to help people quit smoking. It works by partially activating the same receptors in the brain that are activated by nicotine, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms. 1 Research has shown that varenicline can be effective in helping people quit smoking. 1 4 11 However, it is important to note that not everyone who takes varenicline is successful in quitting smoking. 11 10 Varenicline can also cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. 5 9 8 These side effects can be severe enough to cause some people to stop taking the medication. 8 In addition, varenicline has been shown to improve attention in smokers preparing to quit. 6 However, varenicline has not been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption in people with alcohol use disorders. 9 Varenicline does not appear to be prone to abuse. 2

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Varenicline has the potential to help people quit smoking by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. 1 It has also been shown to improve attention in smokers preparing to quit. 6 Varenicline is also unlikely to be abused. 2

Risk summary

Varenicline can cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. 5 It can also cause insomnia. 9 These side effects can be severe enough to cause some people to stop taking the medication. 8

Comparison between studies

Similarities between studies

The studies all agree that varenicline can be effective in helping people quit smoking. 1 4 11 10 They also all agree that varenicline can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. 5 9 8

Differences between studies

The studies differ in their conclusions about the effectiveness of varenicline in helping people quit smoking. Some studies found that varenicline was effective in helping people quit smoking, while others found that it was not. 11 10 The studies also differ in their conclusions about the severity of side effects associated with varenicline. Some studies found that varenicline was associated with severe side effects, while others found that the side effects were mild. 8 These differences may be due to factors such as the study design, the participants, and the methods used to assess outcomes.

Consistency and inconsistency of results

The studies are generally consistent in their findings that varenicline can be effective in helping people quit smoking. 1 4 11 However, there are some inconsistencies in the findings regarding the effectiveness of varenicline in helping people quit smoking. 11 10 It is also important to note that varenicline has not been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption in people with alcohol use disorders. 9

Important considerations for real-life applications

Varenicline may be a helpful option for people who are trying to quit smoking, but it is important to be aware of the potential side effects. 5 9 You should talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of varenicline before starting treatment. 5 9 It is also important to note that varenicline is not a magic bullet and that quitting smoking takes time and effort. 11

Limitations of current research

The research on varenicline is still relatively limited, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects. Some limitations of the current research include the relatively small sample sizes of some studies, the lack of long-term follow-up data, and the absence of studies examining the effects of varenicline in combination with other smoking cessation medications. 11 10

Future research directions

Future research on varenicline should focus on addressing the limitations of current research. For example, more studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed. Research is also needed to examine the effects of varenicline in combination with other smoking cessation medications. 11

Conclusion

Varenicline is a promising medication for helping people quit smoking, but it is important to be aware of the potential side effects. 5 9 If you are considering using varenicline, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. 5 9

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
10
2
0
1
12
1.

Smoking cessation efficacy and safety of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist.

Author: TonstadSerena

Nicotine craving relief
Smoking cessation
Nicotine withdrawal

Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist, has shown promising results in Phase 3 studies for inducing smoking cessation and maintaining smoking abstinence. It has the potential to relieve nicotine craving and withdrawal symptoms while reducing the reinforcing effects of nicotine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Human abuse liability of the smoking cessation drug varenicline in smokers and nonsmokers.

Author: McCollS L, BursteinA H, ReevesK R, BillingC B, StolarM, SellersE M

Smoking cessation
Abuse potential

Varenicline, a medication to help people stop smoking, is unlikely to be abused. This was demonstrated in a study where smokers and nonsmokers were given varenicline or a placebo. Varenicline did not produce the same pleasurable effects as amphetamine, a known drug of abuse. Additionally, varenicline was associated with some unpleasant effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Varenicline attenuates some of the subjective and physiological effects of intravenous nicotine in humans.

Author: SofuogluMehmet, HermanAryeh I, MooneyMarc, WatersAndrew J

Smoking cessation

This study characterized the effects of varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist used for smoking cessation, on nicotine's dose-dependent effects in abstinent smokers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

4.

Varenicline effects on craving, cue reactivity, and smoking reward.

Author: BrandonThomas H, DrobesDavid J, UnrodMarina, HeckmanBryan W, OliverJason A, RoetzheimRichard C, KarverSloan Beth, SmallBrent J

Reduced reward from smoking
Reduced tobacco cravings
None mentioned

Varenicline reduced tonic craving, cue-provoked craving, the expected value of cigarettes, number of puffs and time spent smoking, and self-reported reward from smoking compared to placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Gastrointestinal adverse effects of varenicline at maintenance dose: a meta-analysis.

Author: LeungLawrence K, PatafioFrancis M, RosserWalter W

gastrointestinal adverse effects

Varenicline is a medication that helps people quit smoking. It can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

The effects of varenicline on attention and inhibitory control among treatment-seeking smokers.

Author: RhodesJessica D, HawkLarry W, AshareRebecca L, SchlienzNicolas J, MahoneyMartin C

Smoking cessation

Varenicline improved lapses in attention among treatment-seeking smokers preparing to make a quit attempt, suggesting that attention may play a role in its mechanism of action for smoking cessation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Effects of short-term varenicline administration on cortisol in healthy, non-smoking adults: a randomized, double-blind, study.

Author: MockingRoel J T, WeverStephany A, PflanzC Patrick, PringleAbbie, ParsonsElizabeth, McTavishSarah F, CowenPhil J, HarmerCatherine J, ScheneAart H

Effective smoking cessation
Depressogenic side effects

Varenicline is a highly effective drug for smoking cessation, but it has been linked to depression in some users. It remains unclear whether this is due to varenicline itself, or to smoking and/or smoking cessation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Adverse Effects Cause Varenicline Discontinuation: A Meta-Analysis.

Author: DrovandiAaron D, ChenCarla C, GlassBeverley D

Smoking cessation
Discontinuation

Varenicline is a smoking cessation drug that is effective in providing prolonged smoking abstinence. However, its adverse effect profile may cause discontinuation, potentially reducing smoking abstinence rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

9.

Effect of Lowering the Dose of Varenicline on Alcohol Self-administration in Drinkers With Alcohol Use Disorders.

Author: VerplaetseTerril L, PittmanBrian P, ShiJulia M, TetraultJeanette M, CoppolaSabrina, McKeeSherry A

Alcohol consumption reduction
Insomnia

This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of varenicline (1 and 2 mg/day) on alcohol consumption in adults with alcohol use disorders. The 2 mg/day dose reduced alcohol craving but did not significantly reduce alcohol consumption. The 1 mg/day dose had no significant effect on craving or consumption.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

10.

Effect of 0.5 mg versus 1 mg varenicline for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: Fouz-RosónNatalia, Montemayor-RubioTeodoro, Almadana-PachecoVirginia, Montserrat-GarcíaSoledad, Gómez-BasteroAna Paulina, Romero-MuñozConcepción, Polo-PadilloJuan

Side effects

This open-label randomized trial compared the effectiveness of 1 mg and 0.5 mg varenicline in smoking cessation. The study found that both doses were equally effective in achieving abstinence at 1 year, with similar rates of adherence and side effects. This suggests that a lower dose of varenicline may be just as effective as a higher dose for smoking cessation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Varenicline for smoking reduction in smokers not yet ready to quit: A double-blind, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial.

Author: SteinbergMarc L, LuShou-En, WilliamsJill M

Quitting self-efficacy
Smoking reduction

Varenicline is a promising treatment option for smokers who are willing to reduce but not quit smoking. While varenicline did not lead to a significant reduction in cigarettes per day compared to placebo, it did increase the number of smokers who made a quit attempt. Successful reduction in cigarettes per day was associated with increased self-efficacy for quitting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of Combined Varenicline With Nicotine Patch and of Extended Treatment Duration on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: BakerTimothy B, PiperMegan E, SmithStevens S, BoltDaniel M, SteinJames H, FioreMichael C

Insomnia
Nausea

This randomized clinical trial found no significant difference in smoking cessation rates at 52 weeks between varenicline monotherapy and combined varenicline plus nicotine patch therapy, or between 12-week and 24-week treatment durations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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