Side Effects of chlorzoxazone: A Synthesis of Findings from 7 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Findings

Chlorzoxazone is a substrate of CYP2E1, and its metabolism can be accelerated by chronic ethanol consumption. 6 This can lead to decreased drug activity and potential toxicity. 6 When chlorzoxazone is used in combination with acetaminophen, it can cause psychic side effects. However, chlorzoxazone was found to be ineffective as an adjuvant analgesic for spine surgery. 2

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of chlorzoxazone are primarily related to the induction of CYP2E1 enzyme, which accelerates the metabolism of chlorzoxazone and other drugs. 6 This accelerated metabolism can lead to decreased drug activity and increased risk of toxicity. 6

Common Side Effects

Psychic Side Effects

Chlorzoxazone can cause psychic side effects when used in combination with acetaminophen.

Decreased Drug Activity

Chlorzoxazone can reduce the effectiveness of other drugs due to the induction of CYP2E1. 6

Increased Toxicity

Chlorzoxazone can increase the risk of toxicity due to the accelerated metabolism of other drugs. 6

Side Effect Management

Decreased Drug Activity

If chlorzoxazone is expected to decrease the effectiveness of other drugs, it is important to consult with a doctor to adjust the dosage or frequency of other medications. 6

Increased Toxicity

If chlorzoxazone is expected to increase the risk of toxicity, it is important to consult with a doctor to adjust the dosage or frequency of other medications. 6

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Several studies have shown that chlorzoxazone can induce CYP2E1. 6 , 3

Differences

The side effects of chlorzoxazone may vary depending on the combination and dosage of other medications used. , 2 Additionally, chlorzoxazone may have effects on enzymes other than CYP2E1. 3

Real-World Implications

It is crucial to be aware of potential drug interactions when taking chlorzoxazone. 6 Chlorzoxazone can potentially decrease the effectiveness of other medications or increase their toxicity due to CYP2E1 induction. 6 Consult with a doctor before taking chlorzoxazone to ensure appropriate dosage and frequency for your specific circumstances. 6

Current Limitations in Research

There is a lack of extensive research on the side effects of chlorzoxazone. , 2 Further research is needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its effects. , 2

Future Research Directions

Future research on chlorzoxazone should consider various factors such as combinations and dosages of other medications, individual variations in metabolism, and potential effects on enzymes beyond CYP2E1. , 2 , 3

Conclusion

Chlorzoxazone can induce CYP2E1, leading to accelerated metabolism and potentially decreased drug efficacy or increased toxicity. 6 It is crucial to consult with a doctor before taking chlorzoxazone to ensure safe and effective use. 6

Keywords

Benefit Keywords

Subfertility treatment

Pain reduction

Drug metabolism

Liver protection

Risk Keywords

Literature analysis of 7 papers

Positive Content

Neutral Content

Negative Content

Article Type

Randomized Controlled Trial0

Meta-Analysis0

Systematic Review1

Review3

Journal Article7

Clomiphene citrate for unexplained subfertility in women.

Author: HughesE, CollinsJ, VandekerckhoveP

Subfertility treatment

Clomiphene citrate is effective in treating sub-fertility associated with oligo-ovulation. However, it is associated with an elevated multiple pregnancy rate of approximately 10%. Other side effects include hot flashes, mood swings, headaches, and visual disturbances. The potential for increased ovarian cancer risk is a concern.

Language : English

Adjuvant analgesics for spine surgery.

Author: NielsenRikke Vibeke

Pain reduction

This study investigated the effectiveness of three adjuvant analgesics for postoperative pain management after spine surgery. Dexamethasone, a steroid, significantly reduced acute pain during mobilization but did not reduce opioid consumption and led to significantly higher pain levels 1 year postoperatively. Chlorzoxazone had no effect on acute postoperative pain or opioid consumption. Ketamine, an anesthetic, significantly reduced opioid consumption and persistent pain 6 months postoperatively.

Language : English

Effects of unprocessed versus vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis on the activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 enzymes in rats.

Author: SuTao, MaoChunqin, YinFangzhou, YuZhiling, LinYing, SongYu, LuTulin

Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese herb with potential health benefits. This study investigated the effects of unprocessed and vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, which play a crucial role in drug metabolism. The study aimed to understand how different processing methods might affect the herb's interaction with other medications.

Language : English

Direct and metabolism-dependent cytochrome P450 inhibition assays for evaluating drug-drug interactions.

Author: LeeKye Sook, KimSang Kyum

CYP inhibition

The study developed methods for evaluating the inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). The assay successfully identified both direct inhibitors and metabolism-dependent inhibitors (MDIs) of eight different CYP enzymes. The results align with previously reported data, confirming the reliability of the method. The findings highlight the potential of this assay for evaluating both direct inhibition and MDI in drug discovery and development.

Language : English

Inhibitory effects of azelastine and its metabolites on drug oxidation catalyzed by human cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

Author: NakajimaM, OhyamaK, NakamuraS, ShimadaN, YamazakiH, YokoiT

Drug interactions

Azelastine, an antiallergy and antiasthmatic drug, was found to inhibit human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms, particularly CYP2D6.

Language : English

Clinical and toxicological consequences of the inductive potential of ethanol.

Author: KlotzU, AmmonE

Drug metabolism

Drug interactions

Chronic ethanol consumption significantly accelerates the metabolism of certain drugs, potentially leading to decreased drug activity and accumulation of active metabolites.

Language : English

Suppression of liver cytochrome P450 by alpha-hederin: relevance to hepatoprotection.

Author: LiuJ, LiuY, BullockP, KlaassenC D

Liver protection

Alpha-hederin protected mice from liver injury induced by various chemicals, likely by suppressing cytochrome P450 levels and activities.

Language : English

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