Effects of dicloxacillin: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Dicloxacillin has been shown to be effective against various strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 24 . Dicloxacillin inhibits the first step in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis (TarO), which weakens the cell wall of MRSA and makes it more susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. 24 .

In a mouse peritonitis model, dicloxacillin demonstrated intracellular activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 14 . Dicloxacillin was found to accumulate inside cells more effectively than other antibiotics and significantly reduced the number of intracellular bacteria. 14 .

Dicloxacillin exhibited similar bactericidal activity compared to vancomycin against oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) clinical isolates, as evaluated by population analyses, time-kill assays, and a murine thigh infection model. 2 . These findings suggest that antistaphylococcal penicillins, like dicloxacillin, may be effective against OS-MRSA infections. 2 .

Dicloxacillin demonstrated synergistic effects with the phenothiazine drug thioridazine against MRSA, vancomycin intermediate-susceptible S. aureus (VISA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). 20 . This synergy suggests that cell wall thickening does not interfere with the effects of thioridazine. 20 .

Benefits and risks

Benefit Summary

Dicloxacillin could be a viable treatment option for various Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA. 24 , 2 . Dicloxacillin accumulates efficiently within cells and can effectively reduce the number of intracellular bacteria. 14 . Synergistic effects have been observed when combining dicloxacillin with thioridazine against MRSA, VISA, and MRSE, suggesting potential for enhanced treatment approaches. 20 .

Risk Summary

Similar to other antibiotics, dicloxacillin poses potential side effects. 13 . Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), rash, and liver dysfunction. 13 . Dicloxacillin may interact with anticoagulants like warfarin. .

Comparison of studies

Commonalities in studies

Numerous studies have highlighted the effectiveness of dicloxacillin as a treatment option for Staphylococcus aureus infections. 24 , 14 , 2 , 20 . A common theme is the potential for enhanced efficacy when dicloxacillin is combined with other antibiotics. 24 , 20 .

Differences in studies

The effectiveness of dicloxacillin can vary depending on the specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus and the combination of drugs used. 24 , 2 , 20 . Individual patient factors, such as age, gender, and kidney function, can also influence the effectiveness of dicloxacillin. 18 , 4 .

Consistency and contradictions in the results

While various studies consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of dicloxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus infections, 24 , 14 , 2 , 20 , there is a suggestion of variability in its effectiveness based on the specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus and the combination of drugs used. 24 , 2 , 20 . Tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients is crucial to maximize the therapeutic benefits of dicloxacillin. 18 , 4 .

Considerations for applying the results to real life

It is crucial to take dicloxacillin as prescribed by a healthcare professional. 13 . Self-adjusting dosages or discontinuing the medication without medical advice may worsen infections. 13 . Dicloxacillin can interact with other medications like anticoagulants (warfarin), so it is essential to inform your doctor about any other drugs you are taking. .

Limitations of current research

Current research on the effects of dicloxacillin is still limited. 24 , 14 , 2 , 20 . Further investigation is required to fully understand the impact of dicloxacillin across various Staphylococcus aureus strains, its interactions with other medications, and its long-term effects and safety. 24 , 2 , 20 , 18 , 4 .

Future research directions

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of dicloxacillin's effects, further research is needed to explore its efficacy across a wider range of Staphylococcus aureus strains, its interactions with other medications, and its long-term effects and safety. 24 , 2 , 20 , 18 , 4 .

Conclusion

Dicloxacillin shows potential as an effective treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections. 24 , 14 , 2 , 20 . However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential for variability in its effectiveness based on the specific strain of Staphylococcus aureus and the combination of drugs used. 24 , 2 , 20 . To maximize therapeutic benefits, personalized treatment approaches tailored to individual patients are essential. 18 , 4 .

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
0
0
0
24
1.

Should probenecid be used to reduce the dicloxacillin dosage in orthopaedic infections? A study of the dicloxacillin-saving effect of probenecid.

Author: KrogsgaardM R, HansenB A, SlotsbjergT, JensenP

Less side effects
Lower costs

Dicloxacillin is an antibiotic used to treat orthopaedic infections. Lowering the dosage from 500 mg to 250 mg three times a day with probenecid may be as effective as the higher dose while reducing cost and side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Bacterial Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Northeast of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Author: Sánchez-SánchezMario, Cruz-PulidoWendy Lizeth, Bladinieres-CámaraEduardo, Alcalá-DuránRodrigo, Rivera-SánchezGildardo, Bocanegra-GarcíaVirgilio

DFU treatment

This study analyzed diabetic foot biopsies from patients admitted to the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Hospital of the Northeast, in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, to determine the microbiological profile of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The most commonly isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Enterobacter sp.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Effects of mezlocillin on the pharmacokinetics of oxacillin and dicloxacillin.

Author: KampfD

The pharmacokinetics of oxacillin and dicloxacillin were altered by coadministration of mezlocillin, requiring dose adjustments in patients with normal or severely impaired renal function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

[Allergy and skin infection after use of temporary henna tattoo--case report].

Author: BjörnssonHjalti Már, EinarsdóttirAsa Elísa, ClausenMichael V

Allergic reaction
Superinfection

This case report describes a 10-year-old boy who developed contact dermatitis from a black henna tattoo and subsequent superinfection by S. aureus.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Icelandic

6.

Enhancement and inhibition effects of water matrices during the sonochemical degradation of the antibiotic dicloxacillin.

Author: Villegas-GuzmanPaola, Silva-AgredoJavier, Giraldo-AguirreAna L, Flórez-AcostaOscar, PetrierChristian, Torres-PalmaRicardo A

Antimicrobial activity removal
Water purification

This study investigated the sonochemical degradation of dicloxacillin (DXC) in both synthetic and natural waters. The findings suggest that ultrasonic treatment can effectively degrade DXC, leading to a biodegradable solution.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

In vitro and in vivo evaluations of oxacillin efficiency against mecA-positive oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Author: IkonomidisAlexandros, MichailGeorge, VasdekiAfroditi, LabrouMaria, KaravasilisVasilis, StathopoulosConstantinos, ManiatisAntonios N, PournarasSpyros

Oxacillin response

This study examines the efficacy of oxacillin against community-type Staphylococcus aureus strains that are mecA-positive but phenotypically susceptible to oxacillin. Some of these isolates may be at least partially responsive to oxacillin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Evaluation of removal efficiency of human antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants in Bangkok, Thailand.

Author: SinthuchaiDonwichai, BoontanonSuwanna Kitpati, BoontanonNarin, PolprasertChongrak

Antibiotic removal
Antibiotic contamination
Sludge contamination

This study investigated the removal efficiency of eight antibiotics from hospital wastewater in Bangkok using different treatment methods. Conventional treatment was insufficient for complete removal, while advanced treatment with chlorination and UV improved efficiency. Sulfamethoxazole was the most difficult to remove, highlighting the need for further research on its removal strategies.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

An HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of nine β-lactam antibiotics in ewe milk.

Author: CámaraM, Gallego-PicóA, GarcinuñoR M, Fernández-HernandoP, Durand-AlegríaJ S, SánchezP J

Milk safety
Antibiotic residues

This work describes the development of a sensitive and reliable method using liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection (LC-DAD) for simultaneous determination of nine β-lactam antibiotics in Manchega ewe milk.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

[Treatment of chronic bovine endometritis and factors for treatment success].

Author: FeldmannM, Tenhagen genannt EmmingS, HoedemakerM

Improve conception rate
Increase clinical cure
Arcanobacterium pyogenes infection
Retarded uterine involution

This field trial compared four treatments for chronic endometritis in dairy cows: prostaglandin F2alpha (PG), intrauterine antibiotics (AB), intrauterine antiseptics (AS), and control. While no significant differences were found between groups regarding clinical cure or reproductive performance, several factors were identified that influenced these outcomes. Treatment following day 42 postpartum led to higher cure rates, especially within the PG group. A retarded involution of the uterus negatively impacted clinical cure. Isolation of A. pyogenes negatively influenced clinical cure in all treatment groups. In conclusion, while treatment seems preferable, continuous monitoring and a wait-and-see approach may be justified under specific circumstances.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

13.

Acquired pyroglutamic acidosis due to long-term dicloxacillin and paracetamol use.

Author: Zand IraniAnis, AlmuwaisAhmed, GibbonsHolly

HAGMA
Pyroglutamic acidosis

An 85-year-old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and chronic kidney disease presented with high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). This case report describes the diagnosis and resolution of pyroglutamic acidosis (PGA), a rare and under-recognized cause of HAGMA, following cessation of dicloxacillin and paracetamol.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Intracellular activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse peritonitis model.

Author: SandbergAnne, HesslerJonas H R, SkovRobert L, BlomJens, Frimodt-MøllerNiels

Antibiotic efficacy

Antibiotic treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is often challenging due to slow responses and high recurrence rates. Intracellular persistence of staphylococci has been recognized as a contributing factor. This study used a mouse peritonitis/sepsis model to explore the interplay between intracellular antibiotic activity and the overall outcome of infection. The study used a quantitative ex vivo extra- and intracellular differentiation assay to assess the intracellular presence of S. aureus, which was also confirmed by electron microscopy. Five antibiotics, dicloxacillin, cefuroxime, gentamicin, azithromycin, and rifampin (rifampicin), were tested in the new in vivo model. The intracellular effects of these antibiotics were ranked as follows, based on the mean change in the log(10) number of CFU/ml (Delta log(10) CFU/ml) between treated and untreated mice after 4 hours of treatment: dicloxacillin (3.70 Delta log(10) CFU/ml) > cefuroxime (3.56 Delta log(10) CFU/ml) > rifampin (1.86 Delta log(10) CFU/ml) > gentamicin (0.61 Delta log(10) CFU/ml) > azithromycin (0.21 Delta log(10) CFU/ml). The study also highlighted the importance of dose size, number, and frequency, time of exposure, and the timing between infection onset and treatment in testing intracellular activity in vivo. A poor correlation was found between intracellular antibiotic accumulation and the actual intracellular effect, emphasizing the need for experimental studies like those described here to measure actual intracellular activity instead of relying solely on cellular pharmacokinetic and MICs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Surface and bulk properties of two anionic amphiphilic penicillins in a selective solvent.

Author: BarbosaSilvia, AnteloLuis T, TaboadaPablo, MosqueraVíctor

Cloxacillin and dicloxacillin, two anionic penicillins, were studied in a mixed ethanol-water solvent. Ethanol was found to affect the surface activity, bulk properties, and aggregate stability of the drugs, potentially leading to a transition from a stable dispersion to a coagulated one.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Activity of bacteriocins synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis against Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated to bovine mastitis.

Author: Barboza-CoronaJosé Eleazar, de la Fuente-SalcidoNorma, Alva-MurilloNayeli, Ochoa-ZarzosaAlejandra, López-MezaJoel E

Mastitis control
Antibiotic resistance

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This study evaluated the effectiveness of five bacteriocins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis against S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. All isolates were susceptible to the bacteriocins, suggesting their potential as an alternative strategy for controlling bovine mastitis caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effect of the MDR1 C3435T variant and P-glycoprotein induction on dicloxacillin pharmacokinetics.

Author: PutnamWendy S, WooJonathan M, HuangYong, BenetLeslie Z

This study investigated 2 hypotheses about genotype-phenotype relationships for the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

Relative efficacy of cefuroxime versus dicloxacillin as definitive antimicrobial therapy in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a propensity-score adjusted retrospective cohort study.

Author: RasmussenJon Bjarke, KnudsenJenny Dahl, ArpiMagnus, SchønheyderHenrik Carl, BenfieldThomas, OstergaardChristian

Bacteraemia treatment

This study compared the efficacy of cefuroxime and dicloxacillin as definitive antimicrobial therapy in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia using a Danish bacteraemia database.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

TarO-specific inhibitors of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis restore β-lactam efficacy against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Author: LeeSang Ho, WangHao, LabroliMarc, KoseogluSandra, ZuckPaul, MayhoodTodd, GillCharles, MannPaul, SherXinwei, HaSookhee, YangShu-Wei, MandalMihir, YangChristine, LiangLianzhu, TanZheng, TawaPaul, HouYan, KuvelkarReshma, DeVitoKristine, WenXiujuan, XiaoJing, BatchlettMichelle, BalibarCarl J, LiuJenny, XiaoJianying, MurgoloNicholas, GarlisiCharles G, ShethPayal R, FlatteryAmy, SuJing, TanChristopher, RoemerTerry

Bactericidal synergy

This study identified two new chemical series, tarocin A and tarocin B, that inhibit wall teichoic acid biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds, in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, suggesting a potential new approach for treating MRSA infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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