Effects of edoxaban: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies
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This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.
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Main Research Findings
Research on the effects of edoxaban has shown promising results in terms of its effectiveness and safety compared to warfarin in preventing stroke and treating venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with atrial fibrillation. 3 highlights that while edoxaban has proven antithrombotic effects, its long-term efficacy and safety compared to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation remains unknown. 24 projects an increase in the number of Europeans with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the coming decades due to the aging population, which would also lead to an increase in strokes. The study suggests that the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs, such as warfarin) can reduce the risk of thromboembolism (primarily stroke and systemic embolism) and death, with non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) like edoxaban demonstrating even greater efficacy. 11 suggests that edoxaban might be effective in preventing blood clots but carries a lower risk of bleeding than warfarin based on a meta-analysis of phase III randomized controlled trials comparing edoxaban to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). A case report in 15 demonstrates edoxaban preventing adverse effects like fever and D-dimer elevation caused by the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in a patient with BRAF-mutant melanoma. 26 investigated the effectiveness of a foot pump in reducing the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients receiving edoxaban for thromboprophylaxis through a randomized clinical trial. The results indicated that the foot pump did not significantly reduce DVT incidence in patients undergoing TKA under edoxaban thromboprophylaxis. 27 delves into regional differences in Asia and compares edoxaban’s effects with warfarin in Japan and the rest of East Asia, including China, Korea, and Taiwan, based on the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. 16 analyzes the blood coagulation status during cryoballoon ablation, a common treatment for atrial fibrillation, and examines the effects of direct anticoagulants like dabigatran and edoxaban. 21 outlines the rationale and design of the ENVISAGE-TAVI AF trial, which compares edoxaban with standard of care and their effects on clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVR) for atrial fibrillation. 17 focuses on the effects of edoxaban and warfarin on vascular remodeling, particularly the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and collateral artery growth. 10 investigates the effects of edoxaban on the cellular and protein phases of coagulation in patients with coronary artery disease receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. 5 presents a systematic review of current research on laboratory measurement of the anticoagulant activity of edoxaban. 19 demonstrates that edoxaban exhibits antioxidant effects through FXa inhibition and direct radical-scavenging activity. 4 examines the effects of edoxaban on bleeding after a punch biopsy and its reversal by a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate. 1 details a clinical safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics study of edoxaban in healthy volunteers. 25 shows that a single dose of ciraparantag safely and completely reverses the anticoagulant effects of edoxaban. 14 focuses on the development, characterization, and effects of inhaled edoxaban dry powder inhaler formulations on the coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection. 2 evaluates the effects of antiplatelet agents like aspirin and naproxen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of edoxaban. 9 analyzes the impact of age, comorbidity, and polypharmacy on the efficacy and safety of edoxaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. 12 examines the effects of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation at extreme body weights. 7 compares the efficacy and safety of edoxaban and warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. 13 reviews the pleiotropic effects of NOACs, focusing on edoxaban. 8 summarizes evidence on laboratory assessment of the anticoagulant effects of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). 6 examines the impact of a three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate on the anticoagulatory effects of edoxaban. 23 demonstrates that andexanet alfa effectively reverses edoxaban anticoagulation effects and associated bleeding. 22 compares the effects of edoxaban on venous thromboembolism between patients with and without cancer. 20 investigates the effects of edoxaban on routine coagulation assays, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-Xa assays.
Benefits and Risks
Benefits Summary
Edoxaban has shown promise as a potential alternative to warfarin, offering benefits such as greater efficacy and safety in preventing stroke and treating venous thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 3 , 7 , 24 , 9 Additionally, edoxaban is considered easier to manage compared to warfarin, making it a more convenient option for patients. 8 Research suggests that edoxaban might have antioxidant effects, potentially helping to slow down the progression of kidney disease. 19 Overall, edoxaban emerges as a viable treatment option for various conditions including atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and cancer-associated VTE. 22
Risks Summary
While edoxaban is associated with a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin, the risk of bleeding still exists. 7 , 11 As a newer medication, edoxaban has limited long-term safety data. 3 Furthermore, edoxaban can cause gastrointestinal side effects in some patients. 1 It is crucial to consult with your doctor and carefully weigh the risks and benefits of edoxaban before using it.
Comparison Between Studies
Commonalities
Several studies indicate that edoxaban demonstrates greater efficacy and safety compared to warfarin in preventing stroke and treating venous thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 3 , 7 , 24 , 9 , 11 , 22 However, there is some inconsistency among these studies regarding the conclusion that edoxaban carries a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. 11 Moreover, long-term safety and efficacy data on edoxaban remains limited. 3 These studies suggest that the effects of edoxaban can be effectively reversed in various situations. 4 , 25 , 23 The anticoagulant effect of edoxaban can be measured using different coagulation tests. 5 , 8 , 20 These studies highlight that edoxaban can be a viable treatment option for various conditions like atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and cancer-associated VTE. 22 Additionally, they indicate that edoxaban’s effectiveness might be influenced by patient factors like age, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. 9 , 12
Differences
There is inconsistency among the studies concerning the conclusion that edoxaban carries a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. 11 Long-term safety and efficacy data on edoxaban remains limited. 3 There is no clear consensus on the best method to reverse the effects of edoxaban. 4 , 25 , 23 Several studies suggest that edoxaban’s effectiveness might be influenced by patient factors like age, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. 9 , 12 The research on edoxaban’s effectiveness is promising, but more research is needed to address these inconsistencies.
Consistency and Discrepancies in Results
While the research on the effects of edoxaban presents numerous results supporting its efficacy and safety, some studies show discrepancies regarding the risk of bleeding. 11 These discrepancies might be attributed to variations in patient populations and research designs. 9 , 12 Furthermore, long-term safety and efficacy data on edoxaban is limited. 3 Therefore, larger and longer-term studies are needed to address these discrepancies and gain a more comprehensive understanding of edoxaban’s long-term effects.
Important Considerations for Real-World Applications
Edoxaban has shown potential as a viable alternative to warfarin in preventing stroke and treating venous thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 3 , 7 , 24 , 9 However, there is no clear consensus on whether edoxaban carries a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. 11 Therefore, it is vital to consult with your doctor to discuss the potential risks of bleeding and other side effects before taking edoxaban. 1 Moreover, edoxaban’s effectiveness might be influenced by patient factors like age, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. 9 , 12 Doctors should consider these factors when recommending medication to patients.
Limitations of Current Research
Many studies on the effects of edoxaban have been conducted over relatively short periods, resulting in limited long-term safety and efficacy data. 3 Furthermore, these studies have employed diverse patient populations and research designs, making it challenging to compare their results. 9 , 12 There is no clear consensus on the most effective method to reverse the effects of edoxaban. 4 , 25 , 23 While some studies suggest that edoxaban can be effectively reversed in various situations, further research is needed to confirm and establish the optimal methods for reversing its effects.
Future Research Directions
Larger and longer-term studies are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term safety and efficacy of edoxaban. 3 Long-term safety and efficacy data on edoxaban is still limited, highlighting the need for extended research. 3 Comparative studies examining edoxaban’s effects in various patient populations are also essential. 9 , 12 Establishing the most effective methods to reverse the anticoagulant effects of edoxaban is crucial. 4 , 25 , 23 These research endeavors are essential to solidify edoxaban’s position as a reliable treatment option and address any uncertainties surrounding its application.
Conclusion
Edoxaban holds promise as a potentially effective alternative to warfarin in preventing stroke and treating venous thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. 3 , 7 , 24 , 9 However, there is no definitive agreement on whether edoxaban carries a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. 11 It is vital to discuss the risks of bleeding and other side effects with your doctor before taking edoxaban. 1 Additionally, be aware that edoxaban’s effectiveness might be influenced by factors like age, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. 9 , 12 Doctors need to consider these factors when making treatment decisions for patients. Ultimately, further research is crucial to address inconsistencies and provide a more comprehensive understanding of edoxaban’s long-term effects and the best methods for reversing its anticoagulation effect.
Benefit Keywords
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Article Type
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