Effects of neomycin polymyxin: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Several studies have shown that neomycin/polymyxin is an effective topical antibiotic against a variety of infections. 16 found that applying a neomycin/polymyxin solution directly into the surgical wound was effective in reducing the incidence of perioperative infection after implantation of neurostimulation and intrathecal drug delivery devices. 6 found that neomycin/polymyxin sulfate solution bladder wash is effective in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in intensive care unit patients with traumatic brain injury. 17 investigated the effectiveness of topical antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and found that some MDROs are susceptible to some topical antibiotics. 15 found that the combination of neomycin and polymyxin B showed synergistic effects against pathogens commonly responsible for otitis externa. 19 demonstrated that triple-antibiotic ointment (TAO) is a safe and effective topical agent for preventing infections in minor skin trauma. 13 introduced a new titanium recording chamber for electrophysiological recordings in behaving monkeys, which utilizes antibiotics such as neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin ointment to suppress bacterial proliferation. 1 found that fluconazole does not affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nateglinide, a new short-acting meglitinide analog antidiabetic drug. 18 evaluated the activity of three over-the-counter topical wound care products against community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 2 evaluated the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in ophthalmologically normal dogs before and after topical treatment with neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin. 3 reported cases of atypical keratopathy in patients prescribed topical postoperative NSAIDs and dexamethasone/neomycin combination therapy after cataract surgery. 7 characterized Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from commercial layer chickens in eastern Japan. 14 investigated the efficacy and safety of intravesical gentamicin for recurrent urinary tract infection in patients with intermittent bladder catheterization. evaluated the effectiveness of a closed-drainage catheter system with systemic cephaloridine and local irrigation with neomycin-polymyxin in preventing catheter-induced post-prostatectomy infection. 11 evaluated biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine ears and the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. 9 found that prenatal antibiotic treatment protected NOD mice from diabetes development through alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as induction of tolerogenic APCs. 12 evaluated the ototoxicity risk from Cortisporin and comparable otic suspensions using distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing. 10 evaluated the impact of tromethamine edetate disodium dihydrate on antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm in vitro. 4 evaluated the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in clinically normal horses before and after treatment with topical neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Neomycin/polymyxin can be used to treat and prevent various infections. 16 , 6 , 17 , 15 , 19 , 13 , 14 , , 11 , 9 , 4 suggest that neomycin/polymyxin is effective in treating or preventing a variety of infections, including hardware infection after neurosurgical procedures, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, otitis externa, wound infection, and development of diabetes. 2 suggests that neomycin/polymyxin does not affect the bacterial flora on the ocular surface of dogs.

Risk Summary

Neomycin/polymyxin can have a risk of side effects. 8 suggests that neomycin/polymyxin can decrease the levels of collagen and α-tubulin in mouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts, suggesting the potential for ototoxicity. 5 reported punctal stenosis in six dogs following long-term use of topical neomycin-polymyxin B-dexamethasone (NPD). 3 reported cases of atypical keratopathy in patients prescribed topical postoperative NSAIDs and dexamethasone/neomycin combination therapy after cataract surgery. Additionally, there is a risk of allergic reaction to neomycin/polymyxin. 19 reported that the risk of allergic sensitivity to TAO is low, but there is still a risk of allergic reaction.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

Many studies indicate that neomycin/polymyxin is effective against a variety of infections. 16 , 6 , 17 , 15 , 19 , 13 , 1 , 18 , 14 , , 11 , 9 show that neomycin/polymyxin is effective in treating or preventing a variety of infections. Studies also indicate that allergic reactions to neomycin/polymyxin are relatively rare. 19 reported that the risk of allergic sensitivity to TAO is low.

Differences Between Studies

The range of infections for which neomycin/polymyxin is considered effective and the potential side effects vary between studies. 8 showed that neomycin/polymyxin may have a detrimental effect on mouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts. 5 showed a risk of punctal stenosis with long-term use. 3 reported corneal side effects in combination with topical NSAIDs after cataract surgery. 7 did not investigate the effectiveness of neomycin/polymyxin against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. 2 suggests that neomycin/polymyxin does not affect the bacterial flora on the ocular surface of dogs.

Consistency and Contradictions of the Results

These studies suggest that neomycin/polymyxin is effective against a variety of infections, however, further research is needed to assess the risk of side effects and the effectiveness against specific infections and individuals. 8 , 5 , 3 suggest that neomycin/polymyxin may cause side effects under certain conditions. Further, some studies suggest that neomycin/polymyxin may not be effective for everyone. 17 suggests that some MDROs are less susceptible to neomycin/polymyxin.

Considerations for Application in Real Life

Neomycin/polymyxin is a topical antibiotic that can be effective in treating and preventing various infections, but there are also side effects. 8 , 5 , 3 suggest that neomycin/polymyxin may cause side effects under certain conditions. Therefore, it is important to avoid self-treating with neomycin/polymyxin. Use it according to your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies provide valuable information about the efficacy and safety of neomycin/polymyxin, but there are some limitations. For example, many studies are small and have a limited number of subjects, which may make the results less generalizable. Furthermore, these studies do not provide specific guidance on how to apply neomycin/polymyxin to different infections.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to further investigate the effectiveness and safety of neomycin/polymyxin. In particular, research is needed to provide specific guidance on how to apply neomycin/polymyxin to different infections. Studies are also needed to investigate the development of resistance to neomycin/polymyxin.

Conclusion

Neomycin/polymyxin is a topical antibiotic that can be effective against a variety of infections, but there is also a risk of side effects. 8 , 5 , 3 suggest that neomycin/polymyxin may cause side effects under certain conditions. Self-treating with neomycin/polymyxin should be avoided. Use it according to your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any side effects. Further research is needed to further investigate the effectiveness and safety of neomycin/polymyxin.

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
1
0
1
2
18
1.

Effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nateglinide.

Author: NiemiMikko, NeuvonenMikko, Juntti-PatinenLaura, BackmanJanne T, NeuvonenPertti J

Prolonged blood glucose-lowering effect

Fluconazole increased the plasma concentration of nateglinide by 48%, and prolonged its half-life from 1.6 to 1.9 hours, while not changing peak plasma nateglinide concentration. This may prolong the blood glucose-lowering effect of nateglinide.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Evaluation of the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in ophthalmologically normal dogs prior to and following treatment with topical neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin.

Author: RogersCallie M, ScottErin M, SarawichitrBenjamin, ArnoldCarolyn, SuchodolskiJan S

The ocular surface microbiome of healthy dogs was found to be stable over time and following topical antibiotic therapy. This study used next generation sequencing to evaluate the bacterial composition of the ocular surface microbiome in clinically normal dogs. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Severe corneal melting after cataract surgery in patients prescribed topical postoperative NSAIDs and dexamethasone/neomycin combination therapy.

Author: CabourneEmily, LauNicola, FlanaganDeclan, NottJulie, BloomJill, AngunawelaRomesh

Corneal melting
Visual morbidity

This study reported atypical keratopathy in 13 patients who had undergone cataract surgery and used a postoperative combination of topical ketorolac and neomycin/polymyxin B sulfate/dexamethasone. Five patients experienced corneal melting, with one developing corneal perforation and endophthalmitis. The study highlights the potential risks of using topical NSAIDs in combination with other agents that compromise the corneal epithelium.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Protects Offspring from Diabetes Development in Nonobese Diabetic Mice by Generation of Tolerogenic APCs.

Author: HuYoujia, PengJian, TaiNingwen, HuChangyun, ZhangXiaojun, WongF Susan, WenLi

Diabetes prevention
Gut microbiome modulation

This study investigated the impact of targeting Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of NOD mice at different time points in their life using a combination of three antibiotics--neomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin--on diabetes development. Prenatal neomycin, polymyxin B, and streptomycin treatment protected NOD mice from diabetes development through alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as induction of tolerogenic APCs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Evaluation of the impact of tromethamine edetate disodium dihydrate on antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm in vitro.

Author: PyeCharlotte C, SinghAmeet, WeeseJ Scott

Bactericidal activity potentiation

This study investigated the impact of Triz-EDTA(®) on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in canine otic isolates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Evaluation of biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine ears and the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro.

Author: PyeCharlotte C, YuAnthony A, WeeseJ Scott

Antibiotic resistance

This review discusses the role of biofilms in canine otitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The review highlights the importance of understanding biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility in developing effective treatment regimens.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

A watertight acrylic-free titanium recording chamber for electrophysiology in behaving monkeys.

Author: AdamsDaniel L, EconomidesJohn R, JocsonCristina M, ParkerJohn M, HortonJonathan C

Neurophysiological recording
Infection

This article describes a titanium recording chamber for neurophysiological recordings in alert monkeys. The chamber fastens to the skull with screws and osseointegrates, making it more durable and less invasive than traditional chambers.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Intravesical gentamicin for recurrent urinary tract infection in patients with intermittent bladder catheterisation.

Author: van NieuwkoopC, den ExterP L, ElzevierH W, den HartighJ, van DisselJ T

UTI treatment

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of intravesical gentamicin treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients using clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). The study found that intravesical gentamicin was effective in two patients, with no reported side effects. However, the authors acknowledge the limited data and call for further research to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

In vitro evaluation of the synergistic activity of neomycin-polymyxin B association against pathogens responsible for otitis externa.

Author: TemperaG, MangiaficoA, GenoveseC, GiudiceE, MastrojeniS, NicolosiD, FerneriP M

Otitis externa

This study evaluates the synergic activity of neomycin in association with polymyxin B against pathogens commonly responsible for otitis externa, compared to a single antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). The neomycin/polymyxin B combination demonstrates clear synergistic effects, reducing both Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values by 3-4 times compared to single antibiotics.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Are topical antimicrobials effective against bacteria that are highly resistant to systemic antibiotics?

Author: NeelyAlice N, GardnerJason, DurkeePaula, WardenGlenn D, GreenhalghDavid G, GallagherJames J, HerndonDavid N, TompkinsRonald G, KaganRichard J

Effective against MDROs
MDRO resistance

Topical antimicrobials remain effective against some multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs), but MDROs are generally more resistant than non-MDROs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Comparative in vitro activities of topical wound care products against community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Author: BeardenDavid T, AllenGeorge P, ChristensenJ Mark

Wound care

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes skin infections. This study evaluated the activity of three over-the-counter topical wound care products against four CA-MRSA isolates. The products included benzethonium chloride/essential oils, neomycin/polymyxin B, and polymyxin B/gramicidin.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Topical triple-antibiotic ointment as a novel therapeutic choice in wound management and infection prevention: a practical perspective.

Author: BonomoRobert A, Van ZilePeter S, LiQing, ShermockKenneth M, McCormickWilliam G, KohutBruce

Skin infection prevention
TAO efficacy
Allergic sensitivity
Resistance

This article discusses the use of triple-antibiotic ointment (TAO) for preventing infections in minor skin trauma. TAO is effective against common pathogens and is a safe alternative to oral therapy. The study highlights the importance of considering TAO for prophylaxis or treatment as antibiotic resistance continues to emerge.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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