Effects of pentamidine oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Several studies have shown that inhaled pentamidine is effective in preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in people with HIV infection. 11 Inhaled pentamidine is used for PCP prophylaxis in HIV patients who are intolerant to oral prophylactic agents. 5 Inhaled pentamidine is effective for preventing PCP recurrence, but less effective than sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP). 7 Inhaled pentamidine may also be effective for preventing oral candidiasis. 8 Inhaled pentamidine does not appear to affect endocrine pancreatic function. 9 Inhaled pentamidine may also be effective for preventing PCP in patients who have received bone marrow transplants. 4 Inhaled pentamidine is released in large quantities when patients cough. 10

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Inhaled pentamidine is effective in preventing infections like PCP and oral candidiasis. Inhaled pentamidine does not appear to affect endocrine pancreatic function. 9

Risks Summary

Inhaled pentamidine can cause side effects such as cough and wheezing. 11 Inhaled pentamidine is released in large quantities when patients cough, increasing the risk of exposure for healthcare workers. 10

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Several studies have shown that inhaled pentamidine is effective in preventing PCP. 11 5 4

Differences in Studies

The effectiveness of inhaled pentamidine varies depending on the study. 7 Inhaled pentamidine can also increase the risk of exposure for healthcare workers. 10

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Many studies have shown that inhaled pentamidine is effective in preventing PCP. 11 5 4 However, the effectiveness of inhaled pentamidine may vary depending on the study. 7 Inhaled pentamidine can also increase the risk of exposure for healthcare workers. 10

Real-world Application Notes

Inhaled pentamidine is effective in preventing infections like PCP and oral candidiasis, but it is important to consider the risk of side effects and the risk of exposure for healthcare workers. 11 10 Inhaled pentamidine should be used as directed by a doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still more research needed on the effectiveness and safety of inhaled pentamidine. In particular, more research is needed on the risk of inhaled pentamidine increasing exposure for healthcare workers. 10

Future Research Directions

More research is needed on the effectiveness and safety of inhaled pentamidine. In particular, more detailed research is needed on the risk of inhaled pentamidine increasing exposure for healthcare workers. 10 More research is also needed on the optimal dosage and administration method for inhaled pentamidine.

Conclusion

Inhaled pentamidine is an effective medication for preventing PCP, but it is important to consider the risk of side effects and the risk of exposure for healthcare workers. 11 10 Inhaled pentamidine should be used as directed by a doctor.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
0
0
4
11
2.

Penetration of anti-infective agents into pulmonary epithelial lining fluid: focus on antifungal, antitubercular and miscellaneous anti-infective agents.

Author: RodvoldKeith A, YooLiz, GeorgeJomy M

Lung infection treatment

This review examined the intrapulmonary penetration of various antifungal, antitubercular, antiparasitic, and antiviral agents. The review concluded that the penetration of these agents into the epithelial lining fluid of the lungs varies significantly depending on the drug and the route of administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

No occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia in 120 adults undergoing myeloablative unrelated cord blood transplantation.

Author: TomonariA, TakahashiS, OoiJ, TsukadaN, KonumaT, KatoS, KasaharaS, IsekiT, TojoA, AsanoS

PCP prophylaxis
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Toxicity

This study investigated the incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) after cord blood transplantation (CBT) in 120 adults. Both oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and aerosolized pentamidine (AP) were effective in preventing PCP, suggesting that any pre-transplant prophylactic method can effectively prevent PCP during the early period after CBT.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after allogeneic marrow transplantation.

Author: MarrasT K, SandersK, LiptonJ H, MessnerH A, ConlyJ, ChanC K

PCP prophylaxis
Well-tolerated
Pentamidine resistance

Aerosolized pentamidine effectively prevented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bone marrow transplant patients who were intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Inhaled antimicrobial therapy.

Author: O'RiordanT, FarisM

Cystic fibrosis treatment
Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis
Respiratory syncytial virus treatment
Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis treatment

Inhaled antibiotics are a promising treatment option for certain respiratory conditions, particularly cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. However, more research is needed to determine the clinical significance of inhaled antibiotics for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children.

Author: HoernleE H, ReidT E

HIV treatment
Maternal transmission reduction

Zidovudine is the preferred initial treatment for HIV-infected children and is indicated for various stages of infection. Didanosine is used as second-line therapy for children who do not respond to zidovudine. Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and recurrent bacterial infections is recommended.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Randomized study of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim versus aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS.

Author: NielsenT L, JensenB N, NelsingS, MathiesenL R, SkinhøjP, NielsenJ O

PCP prophylaxis
Toxoplasmosis protection

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) was more effective than aerosolized pentamidine in preventing recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

The effect of nebulised pentamidine on the concentration of intra-oral Candida albicans in HIV-infected patients.

Author: NolanA, LameyP J, MacFarlaneT W, AitchisonT C, ShawJ, SirelJ Y

Lower concentrations of Candida
Useful prophylaxis

Pentamidine therapy was associated with lower concentrations of Candida albicans in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients, suggesting its potential role in prophylaxis against oral candidiasis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Safety of pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the endocrine pancreatic function in HIV patients.

Author: VeyssierP, CevallosR, Le Fouillé-RibeyreC, GeffrayL, KaloustianE, FarinottiR

Pancreatic function preservation

This study assessed the pancreatic beta cell function of HIV patients receiving either aerosolized pentamidine or oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pancreatic function was preserved in pentamidine-treated patients compared to TMP-SMX-treated patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Exposure of health care workers to aerosolized pentamidine.

Author: O'RiordanT G, SmaldoneG C

Detect exposure
Pentamidine urine assay
Coughing risk
HCW exposure
High pentamidine levels

Healthcare workers administering aerosolized pentamidine, a medication used for certain infections, are at risk of intermittent, high-level exposure to the drug. This exposure can be detected through urinary pentamidine levels. While low levels of pentamidine were found in the treatment room air, urine tests showed higher levels in healthcare workers. Coughing during treatment interruptions increased pentamidine release significantly.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Author: MontgomeryA B

PCP prophylaxis
Reduced PCP attack rate
Adverse reactions
Drug interactions

Aerosolized pentamidine is an effective and safe prophylactic treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-infected patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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