Side Effects of phenelzine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of phenelzine: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

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This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Phenelzine has been shown to be an effective treatment for conditions such as social anxiety disorder and PTSD in several studies. 6 21 25 However, there are reports that phenelzine has a higher risk of side effects compared to other antidepressants. 7 16

Reasons for Side Effects

Phenelzine is a type of drug called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). MAOIs exert an antidepressant effect by inhibiting the breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. However, MAOIs also inhibit the breakdown of amines such as tyramine in food, so tyramine can accumulate in the body, which can lead to side effects such as hypertension and headache. 4 3

Common Side Effects

Hypertension

Phenelzine can cause hypertension because it inhibits the breakdown of amines such as tyramine in food, leading to their accumulation in the body. 4

Headache

Phenelzine can cause headaches because it inhibits the breakdown of amines such as tyramine in food, leading to their accumulation in the body. 4

Weight Gain

Phenelzine may increase appetite, which can lead to weight gain as a side effect. 18

Constipation

Phenelzine may cause constipation as a side effect. 18

Liver Dysfunction

Phenelzine may cause liver dysfunction as a side effect. 4

Measures to Counteract Side Effects

Dietary Restrictions

It is important to restrict your diet when taking phenelzine because it can lead to side effects such as hypertension when you eat foods high in amines such as tyramine. Foods high in tyramine include cheese, sausage, and wine. 4

Adjusting Dosage and Timing of Medication

Adjusting the dosage and timing of phenelzine may reduce side effects. 8

Combination with Other Medications

Phenelzine may increase the risk of side effects when combined with other medications. Therefore, it is important to consult with your doctor and confirm the combination of medications. 3

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies have shown that phenelzine is effective in treating conditions such as social anxiety disorder and PTSD. 6 21 25

Differences Between Studies

Research results on the side effects of phenelzine vary depending on the study. 7 16

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

Phenelzine is a medication that requires caution, such as dietary restrictions and combination with other medications. 4 3 Therefore, if you are considering taking phenelzine, be sure to consult with your doctor and follow their instructions. 8

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of phenelzine is still insufficient. 16 Further research is needed. 21

Directions for Future Research

Further research is needed on the side effects of phenelzine. 16 In particular, more detailed research is needed on the side effects of long-term use of phenelzine. 21

Conclusion

Phenelzine is an effective medication for treating conditions such as social anxiety disorder and PTSD, but it also has a high risk of side effects. 6 21 25 If you are considering taking phenelzine, be sure to consult with your doctor and follow their instructions. 8

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Good tolerance
1
Improved depression
No side effects
Sustained improvement
2
Antidepressant
Fluvoxamine
Panic disorder
Paroxetine
SSRI
3
Effective for atypical depression
Effective for unresponsive depression
4
Depression Treatment
5
Improved social phobia
Sustained response
6
Depression treatment
7
Improved sleep disturbance
8
Treats depression
9
Improved mood
10
anti-anxiety
antidepressant
aphrodisiac
memory improvement
stimulant
13
Treats orthostatic hypotension
14
Dietary freedom
15
Depression treatment
16
Elective mutism treatment
18
Reduced depression symptoms
19
Migraine prevention
20
PTSD treatment
21
Alzheimer's treatment
Depression treatment
Parkinson's treatment
22
Neurodegenerative disease treatment
Neuroprotection
23
Improved social phobia
24
Reduced social phobia symptoms
25
Anxiety treatment
OCD treatment
26
Risk Keywords
Liver enzyme elevation
Platelet reduction
1
None reported
2
Activation
Dependence
Hypertensive crisis
Side effects
Withdrawal
3
Hepatocellular damage
Hypertensive crisis
4
Insomnia
5
Re-emergence of social phobia
Side effects
6
Agitation
Dizziness
Insomnia
7
Side effects
8
Side effects
9
No significant side effects
10
Dizziness
Orthostatic hypotension
12
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
abdominal pain
chest tightness
headaches
increased bleeding time
mania
mastalgia
mental status changes
mydriasis
nephrotoxicity
spontaneous hemorrhage
tremor
vaginal bleeding
13
Side effects
16
Histamine receptor blockade
Side effects
17
Constipation
Weight gain
18
Psychopathology
Rebound headache
20
Side effects
21
Food interactions
Side effects
22
Alcohol abuse
Side effects
24
Abuse or dependence liability
Dietary restrictions
Side effects
Withdrawal symptoms
25
Interactions
Side effects
26
Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
4
Negative Content
0
Article Type
6
0
0
9
26
1.

Tolerance and biological activity of pentosan polysulfate after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration for ten days in human volunteers.

Author: SiéP, AlbaredeJ L, RobertM, BoulouxC, LansenJ, ChigotC, CorrellS, ThouvenotJ P, BoneuB

Good tolerance
Liver enzyme elevation
Platelet reduction

Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is a drug that can be used to treat certain medical conditions. This study investigated the tolerance and pharmacological activity of PPS in 30 healthy volunteers. PPS was well tolerated, with the most common side effects being increased transaminase levels and decreased platelet counts. The study found that PPS significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and induced a weak but significant circulating anti-Xa activity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Resistant geriatric depressions and therapeutic response to monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Author: GeorgotasA, FriedmanE, McCarthyM, MannJ, KrakowskiM, SiegelR, FerrisS

Improved depression
No side effects
Sustained improvement
None reported

Phenelzine was effective in treating 65% of elderly depressed patients who were resistant to other treatments. Platelet MAO inhibition correlated with clinical response.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Developments in the drug treatment of panic disorder: what is the place of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

Author: WestenbergH G

Antidepressant
Fluvoxamine
Panic disorder
Paroxetine
SSRI
Activation
Dependence
Hypertensive crisis
Side effects
Withdrawal

SSRIs may be as effective as TCAs in panic disorder and better tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Brofaromine in depression: a Canadian multicenter placebo trial and a review of standard drug comparative studies.

Author: ChouinardG, SaxenaB M, NairN P, KutcherS P, BakishD, BradwejnJ, KennedyS H, SharmaV, RemickR A, Kukha-MohamadS A

Depression Treatment
Insomnia

Brofaromine is a drug used to treat depression. In a study of 220 patients with major depression, brofaromine was found to be more effective than placebo in reducing depression symptoms. Brofaromine was also found to be as effective as tricyclic antidepressants and standard MAOIs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Phenelzine efficacy in refractory social anxiety disorder: a case series.

Author: AarreTrond F

Improved social phobia
Sustained response
Re-emergence of social phobia
Side effects

Phenelzine was effective in treating social phobia that was unresponsive to other treatments. Six out of seven patients responded to treatment, and there were no serious adverse events.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Efficacy and tolerability of tranylcypromine versus phenelzine: a double-blind study in antidepressant-refractory depressed inpatients.

Author: BirkenhägerTom K, van den BroekWalter W, MulderPaul G, BruijnJan A, MolemanPeter

Depression treatment
Agitation
Dizziness
Insomnia

Phenelzine is an effective alternative to tranylcypromine for antidepressant-resistant depression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in Israeli combat veterans. Effect of phenelzine treatment.

Author: LererB, BleichA, KotlerM, GarbR, HertzbergM, LevinB

Improved sleep disturbance
Side effects

Phenelzine sulfate was not found to be effective in treating 25 Israeli combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Monoamine oxidase-inhibiting antidepressants. A clinical update.

Author: MurphyD L, SunderlandT, CohenR M

Treats depression
Side effects

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective in treating depression but have important side effects that require careful monitoring and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

How blind is blind? Assessment of patient and doctor medication guesses in a placebo-controlled trial of imipramine and phenelzine.

Author: RabkinJ G, MarkowitzJ S, StewartJ, McGrathP, HarrisonW, QuitkinF M, KleinD F

Improved mood
No significant side effects

Patients and their doctors were able to distinguish between placebo and active medications in a clinical trial of antidepressants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Transport of phenylethylamine at intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells: mechanism and substrate specificity.

Author: FischerWiebke, NeubertReinhard H H, BrandschMatthias

This study examined the intestinal transport of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA). PEA is transported into Caco-2 cells by a highly active, saturable, H(+)-dependent process, which is distinct from known carriers for organic cations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

10-Hydroxynortriptyline and treatment effects in elderly depressed patients.

Author: McCueR E, GeorgotasA, SuckowR F, CooperT B

Dizziness
Orthostatic hypotension

Nortriptyline treatment in elderly depressed patients showed no relationship between 10-hydroxynortriptyline levels and clinical response, and a correlation between lower E-10-hydroxynortriptyline levels and dizziness and orthostatic hypotension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

13.

[The safety of herbal medicines in the psychiatric practice].

Author: BonielT, DannonP

anti-anxiety
antidepressant
aphrodisiac
memory improvement
stimulant
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
abdominal pain
chest tightness
headaches
increased bleeding time
mania
mastalgia
mental status changes
mydriasis
nephrotoxicity
spontaneous hemorrhage
tremor
vaginal bleeding

This article discusses the use of alternative medicines, particularly herbal drugs, in psychiatric practice. The safety and efficacy of commonly used herbs, such as hypericum, valerian, ginseng, and ginkgo, are reviewed.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Hebrew

14.

The treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension: a combined fludrocortisone and flurbiprofen regime.

Author: WattS J, TookeJ E, PerkinsC M, LeeM R

Treats orthostatic hypotension

Flurbiprofen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was effective in treating idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. It resulted in a significant rise in standing blood pressure without affecting lying blood pressure.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Comparison of the pressor effect of tyramine after treatment with phenelzine and moclobemide in healthy male volunteers.

Author: SimpsonG M, GratzS S

Dietary freedom

Moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, allowed subjects to tolerate high doses of tyramine without pressor effects, suggesting that it can be used without stringent dietary precautions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Factors associated with premature medication discontinuation among responders to an MAOI or a tricyclic antidepressant.

Author: AgostiV, StewartJ W, QuitkinF M, RabkinJ G, McGrathP J, MarkowitzJ

Depression treatment
Side effects

Phenelzine responders had a significantly higher rate of medication discontinuation than imipramine responders, primarily due to side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Phenelzine treatment of elective mutism: a case report.

Author: GolwynD H, WeinstockR C

Elective mutism treatment
Constipation
Weight gain

Phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was found to be effective in treating a 7-year-old girl with elective mutism. The only side effects were mild constipation and weight gain.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Amitriptyline and hydroxylated metabolite plasma levels in depressed outpatients.

Author: RobinsonD S, CooperT B, HowardD, CorcellaJ, AlbrightD

Reduced depression symptoms

Plasma levels of amitriptyline and its metabolites were not significantly correlated with clinical response in patients with major depressive disorder. Monitoring amitriptyline levels may not be clinically useful in this setting.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

20.

Drug treatment of migraine: Part II. Preventive therapy.

Author: NobleS L, MooreK L

Migraine prevention
Psychopathology
Rebound headache

Preventive therapy for migraines typically involves daily medication for months or years. Beta blockers are often the first choice, and amitriptyline is also commonly used.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Post-traumatic stress disorder: an evaluation of existing pharmacotherapies and new strategies.

Author: ZhangWei, DavidsonJonathan Rt

PTSD treatment
Side effects

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling anxiety disorder. While existing pharmacologic agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), can be helpful, many patients do not respond well or experience side effects. More research is needed to develop more effective and tolerable medications for PTSD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Lights and shadows on monoamine oxidase inhibition in neuroprotective pharmacological therapies.

Author: BindaClaudia, MilczekErika M, BoniventoDaniele, WangJin, MatteviAndrea, EdmondsonDale E

Neurodegenerative disease treatment
Neuroprotection

MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) are used for Parkinson's disease and depression. Safinamide, a selective MAO B inhibitor, shows neuroprotective effects. Rasagiline is used in combination with L-dopa and its metabolic products also have neuroprotective effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Tranylcypromine in social phobia.

Author: VersianiM, MundimF D, NardiA E, LiebowitzM R

Improved social phobia
Alcohol abuse
Side effects

Tranylcypromine, an antidepressant, was effective in treating social phobia in 79% of patients. Alcohol abuse was associated with poorer outcomes. Side effects were frequent, but no serious adverse reactions occurred.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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