Side Effects of rabeprazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Rabeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that effectively suppresses stomach acid production. It is often used for treating conditions like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 23 It also proves successful in eradicating Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria commonly linked to stomach ulcers. 14 Rabeprazole stands out for its resistance to the influence of CYP2C19 genetic variations, leading to higher eradication rates of H. pylori compared to other PPIs. 17 However, prolonged use of rabeprazole has been associated with various side effects. 8

Reasons for Side Effects

Rabeprazole's primary function is to reduce stomach acid production, alleviating symptoms of ulcers and GERD. But stomach acid plays a vital role in digestion and also acts as a barrier against bacterial growth. Long-term use of rabeprazole can lead to excessive suppression of stomach acid, making it easier for bacteria to overgrow. Additionally, rabeprazole might hinder the absorption of magnesium, potentially causing a condition called hypomagnesemia. 6

Common Side Effects

Headache

Headache has been documented as a possible side effect of rabeprazole. 4

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is another potential side effect reported in association with rabeprazole. 4

Nausea

Nausea has been identified as a possible side effect of rabeprazole. 4

Constipation

Constipation has been reported as a possible side effect associated with rabeprazole. 4

Pneumonia

There's a potential increased risk of pneumonia associated with rabeprazole use. 8

Clostridium difficile Infection

Rabeprazole use may increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infection. 8

Osteoporosis

Rabeprazole may potentially contribute to an elevated risk of osteoporosis. 8

Fracture

Rabeprazole may potentially increase the risk of fractures. 8

Thrombocytopenia

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of thrombocytopenia. 8

Rhabdomyolysis

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis. 8

Anemia

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of anemia. 8

Iron Deficiency

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of iron deficiency. 8

Hypomagnesemia

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of hypomagnesemia. 8

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. 8

Nephritis

Rabeprazole may increase the risk of nephritis. 8

Side Effect Countermeasures

Headache

If you experience headache, it's recommended to consult your physician.

Diarrhea

If you experience diarrhea, it's recommended to consult your physician.

Nausea

If you experience nausea, it's recommended to consult your physician.

Constipation

If you experience constipation, it's recommended to consult your physician.

Pneumonia

If you experience any symptoms suggestive of pneumonia, seek medical attention immediately.

Clostridium difficile Infection

If you experience symptoms consistent with Clostridium difficile infection, seek medical attention immediately.

Osteoporosis

If you have a heightened risk of osteoporosis, consult your doctor. Ensure you consume adequate calcium and vitamin D.

Fracture

If you are at increased risk of fractures, consult your doctor. Implement measures to prevent falls.

Thrombocytopenia

If you experience any symptoms related to thrombocytopenia, consult your doctor immediately.

Rhabdomyolysis

If you experience any symptoms suggestive of rhabdomyolysis, seek medical attention immediately.

Anemia

If you experience symptoms of anemia, consult your doctor promptly.

Iron Deficiency

If you experience symptoms of iron deficiency, consult your doctor promptly. Incorporate iron-rich foods into your diet.

Hypomagnesemia

If you experience symptoms of hypomagnesemia, consult your doctor promptly. Ensure you consume adequate magnesium.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

If you experience symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, consult your doctor promptly. Ensure you consume adequate vitamin B12.

Nephritis

If you experience symptoms of nephritis, consult your doctor promptly.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies highlight rabeprazole's effectiveness in treating peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and related conditions. It is also established as effective in eliminating H. pylori. However, a recurring theme across studies is the potential for side effects with long-term use of rabeprazole.

Differences

The efficacy and side effects of rabeprazole may vary depending on factors like dosage and duration of treatment. Additionally, studies present varying results concerning the interplay between rabeprazole and other medications. Therefore, adhering to your physician's instructions when using rabeprazole is crucial.

Practical Implications

Rabeprazole offers effective treatment for peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and related conditions, but its long-term use can potentially lead to side effects. Consulting your doctor before taking rabeprazole and following their instructions is vital. Promptly seek medical advice if you experience any health changes while on rabeprazole.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects associated with long-term rabeprazole use is still limited. Further investigation is needed, particularly regarding its potential impact on increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Future Research Directions

It is essential to conduct in-depth investigations into the side effects resulting from prolonged rabeprazole use. Further research is also warranted on the interactions between rabeprazole and other medications.

Conclusion

While rabeprazole is an effective treatment for peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and related conditions, long-term use carries the potential for side effects. Seeking medical advice before taking rabeprazole and adhering to your doctor's instructions is crucial. Promptly consult your doctor if you experience any health changes while taking rabeprazole.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
8
0
0
7
26
1.

Not a usual suspect; rabeprazole therapy presenting as a severe neuropsychiatric illness: case report.

Author: AlfonzoChristopher A, BoboWilliam V, AlmondMyron D

Neuropsychiatric symptoms

A case report describes a patient who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. This report highlights the importance of considering medication as a possible cause of neuropsychiatric symptoms, even for drugs with a generally good safety profile.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Multiple widespread fixed drug eruption caused by rabeprazole.

Author: GuptaS, MahendraA, YadavA

Fixed drug eruption

This case report describes a patient with multiple widespread fixed drug eruption caused by rabeprazole.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Dissociative disorder induced by clarithromycin combined with rabeprazole in a patient with gastritis.

Author: FengZhixian, HuangJinwen, XuYi, ZhangMinming, HuShaohua

Effective for H. pylori infection
Neurotoxicity

This case report describes a 51-year-old woman who experienced acute psychotic symptoms after taking clarithromycin and rabeprazole together for Helicobacter pylori infection. Although both drugs are generally considered safe individually, this case suggests that combining them may increase the risk of neurotoxicity, particularly in susceptible individuals.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Risk for Myopathy?

Author: ColmenaresEvan W, PappasAshley L

Myopathy symptoms

This review of published case reports and an adverse event reporting database suggests that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may be associated with myopathy-like symptoms. Although myopathy is a rare side effect, it is a serious one that should be considered when starting a patient on acid suppression therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Lansoprazole Exacerbates Pemetrexed-Mediated Hematologic Toxicity by Competitive Inhibition of Renal Basolateral Human Organic Anion Transporter 3.

Author: IkemuraKenji, HamadaYugo, KayaChinatsu, EnokiyaTomoyuki, MurakiYuichi, NakaharaHiroki, FujimotoHajime, KobayashiTetsu, IwamotoTakuya, OkudaMasahiro

Cancer treatment
Hematologic toxicity

Pemetrexed, a multitargeted antifolate, is transported via human organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3). Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), was found to inhibit hOAT3-mediated uptake of pemetrexed. This inhibition can lead to increased hematologic toxicity in patients receiving pemetrexed chemotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Perils and pitfalls of long-term effects of proton pump inhibitors.

Author: WilhelmSheila M, RjaterRyan G, Kale-PradhanPramodini B

Clostridium difficile
Fractures
Iron deficiency
Magnesium absorption
Nephritis
Pneumonia risk
Rhabdomyolysis
Thrombocytopenia
Vitamin B12 deficiency

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with serious adverse effects such as pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, and bone fractures.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Evaluation of omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole in the treatment of acid-related diseases.

Author: WelageL S, BerardiR R

Acid-related diseases
H. pylori eradication
PPI efficacy
Medication interaction
PPI safety

PPIs are the drugs of choice in managing patients with peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The decision to select one PPI versus another is most likely to be based on the agents' acquisition costs, formulations, FDA-labeled indications, and overall safety profiles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

An overview of proton pump inhibitors.

Author: DerGabriella

Treat H. pylori infection
Treat acid-related disorders
Treat upper GI bleeding

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the standard treatment for acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Five PPIs are currently available in the US: omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole. This review discusses the history, pharmacology, therapeutic indications, clinical efficacy, short- and long-term side effects, and cost of PPIs.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

High rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication with sequential therapy in elderly patients with peptic ulcer: a prospective controlled study.

Author: ZulloA, GattaL, De FrancescoV, HassanC, RicciC, BernabucciV, CavinaM, IerardiE, MoriniS, VairaD

Higher eradication rates

The 10-day sequential treatment regimen (rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. plus amoxicillin 1 g b.d. for the first 5 days, followed by rabeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and tinidazole 500 mg, all b.d., for the remaining 5 days) achieved significantly higher eradication rates compared to standard triple therapy in elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

Practical considerations in the management of proton-pump inhibitors.

Author: Aguilera-CastroLara, Martín-de-Argila-dePradosCarlos, Albillos-MartínezAgustín

H. pylori eradication
esophagitis healing
Side effects

This article discusses the overuse of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) in Spain, highlighting the importance of appropriate indications and doses. It compares different types of PPIs and generic versions of these drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

"7, 10 and 14-days rabeprazole-based standard triple therapies for H. pylori eradication: are they still effective? A randomized trial".

Author: KaratapanisS, GeorgopoulosS D, PapastergiouV, SkordaL, PapantoniouN, LisgosPh, KouvidouC, FragkouP, MentisA

Improved eradication rates

This study reevaluated the effectiveness of 7-10-14 days triple therapies based on rabeprazole, a PPI less influenced by CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms, in Greek patients. Standard triple therapies have shown declining efficacy, with rabeprazole potentially leading to improved eradication rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Efficacy and tolerability of antibiotics in patients undergoing H. pylori eradication.

Author: DaneseS, ArmuzziA, RomanoA, CremoniniF, CandelliM, FranceschiF, OjettiV, VenutiA, PolaP, GasbarriniG, GasbarriniA

H. pylori eradication
Drug side effects

Triple rabeprazole-based eradicating regimens are effective and safe for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The incidence of side effects was low and similar in the different three-drug regimens. Quadruple therapy, while effective as a second-line therapy, was associated with a significantly higher incidence of side effects compared to first-line treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Efficacies of different proton pump inhibitor-based 14-day bismuth-furazolidone quadruple regimens for the initial eradication of Helicobacter pylori in the southeast coastal region of China: an open-label, randomized clinical trial.

Author: ChenLuyi, HeJiamin, WangLan, GeQiwei, ChuHua, ChenYujia, ChenXiaoli, LongYanqin, DengYanyong, HeHuiqin, LiAiqing, ChenShujie

H. pylori eradication
Gastrointestinal symptoms

A 14-day bismuth-furazolidone quadruple regimen is effective and safe for the initial eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In a study of 175 patients, the total eradication rate was 86.9% by intention-to-treat and 95.6% by per-protocol analysis. The efficacies of five different proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) showed no significant difference. Gastrointestinal symptoms and stool type improved significantly, while the total side effect rate and poor compliance rate were 15.7% and 5.0%, respectively.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Can Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens be shortened in clinical practice? An open-label, randomized, pilot study of 4 and 7-day triple therapy with rabeprazole, high-dose levofloxacin, and tinidazole.

Author: GianniniEdoardo G, BilardiClaudio, DulbeccoPietro, MamoneMario, SantiMaria L, TestaRoberto, MansiCarlo, SavarinoVincenzo

H. pylori eradication

Rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is suitable for short-term Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Levofloxacin-based eradication regimens have shown good efficacy and minimal side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

Safety and efficacy of rabeprazole in combination with four antibiotic regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis with or without peptic ulceration.

Author: StackW A, KniftonA, ThirlwellD, CockayneA, JenkinsD, HawkeyC J, AthertonJ C

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori

This study evaluated the effectiveness of rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, in combination with antibiotics for eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic active gastritis, with or without peptic ulcer disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Seven versus ten days of rabeprazole triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter randomized trial.

Author: CalvetX, DuconsJ, BujandaL, BoryF, MontserratA, GisbertJ P,

H. pylori cure

This paper reviews the efficacy of different treatment durations for Helicobacter pylori infection. The study found that ten-day triple therapy is more effective than seven-day therapy. However, newer proton pump inhibitors, such as rabeprazole, may improve the efficacy of seven-day therapies to levels comparable to ten-day treatments.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

[A prospective study on rabeprazole-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer].

Author: ChoiBong Ki, YangSung Yeun, ParkEun Taek, JangYoun Sik, LeeYoun Jae, LeeSang Hyuk, SeolSang Young, ChungJung Myung

H. pylori eradication
Side effects

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a one-week triple therapy regimen including rabeprazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease. The study found that the eradication rate was 74.71% by intention-to-treat analysis and 87.84% by per-protocol analysis. The treatment was also well-tolerated, with only 12.5% of patients experiencing mild side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Korean

25.

Rabeprazole in a one-week eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori: comparison of different dosages.

Author: MarioFrancesco Di, Dal BoNadia, AragonaGiovanni, MoussaAli M, IoriVeronica, CavestroGiulia M, PilottoAlberto, LeandroGioacchino, FranceschiMarilisa, RuggeMassimo, FranzeAngelo

H. pylori eradication

This study reports the efficacy and tolerability of rabeprazole in different dosages in association with clarithromycin and tinidazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Efficacy of two one-week rabeprazole/levofloxacin-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Author: CammarotaG, CianciR, CannizzaroO, CuocoL, PirozziG, GasbarriniA, ArmuzziA, ZoccoM A, SantarelliL, ArancioF, GasbarriniG

H. pylori eradication
Side effects

Two 1-week rabeprazole-based triple therapies including levofloxacin effectively eradicated Helicobacter pylori. The regimens were safe and well-tolerated, achieving eradication rates of 92% (RLA) and 90% (RLT). This suggests that levofloxacin may be a viable alternative to clarithromycin in triple therapy regimens.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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