Effective treatment of rotavirus infections: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Rotavirus infection is a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially in developing countries, where malnutrition further weakens the immune system and reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. 4 . This can lead to severe dehydration and even death, making rotavirus infections a significant public health concern. While there are vaccines, the search for effective treatments continues.

Several studies suggest that probiotics, like *Escherichia coli* Nissle 1917 (EcN) and *Bacillus clausii*, have the potential to help manage rotavirus infections. 4 , 9 , 16 . These beneficial bacteria are thought to improve gut health, strengthen the immune system, and reduce the severity of diarrhea. 4 , 9 , 16

Baicalin, a compound found in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown antiviral properties. 10 . Baicalin appears to inhibit rotavirus replication and improve glucose metabolism, which could contribute to lessening the severity of rotavirus infection. 10 .

Ziyuglycoside II, another compound from traditional Chinese medicine, has also been found to have antiviral effects. 19 . Ziyuglycoside II is believed to work by suppressing rotavirus replication and reducing the inflammatory response. 19 .

Statins, medications commonly used to lower cholesterol levels, have shown promise in the fight against rotavirus. 7 . Statins seem to reduce rotavirus replication by interfering with cholesterol synthesis. 7

Treatment Summary

Several approaches to managing rotavirus infection are emerging, including oral rehydration therapy, probiotics, baicalin, ziyuglycoside II, statins, and traditional Chinese medicine remedies like Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Decoction. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Probiotics may be beneficial by improving gut health, strengthening the immune system, and reducing the severity of diarrhea. 4 , 9 , 16 . Baicalin shows promise as an antiviral agent, potentially inhibiting rotavirus replication and improving glucose metabolism. 10 . Ziyuglycoside II has been found to suppress rotavirus replication and reduce inflammation. 19 . Statins have been shown to reduce rotavirus replication by interfering with cholesterol synthesis. 7 .

Risks Summary

Probiotics are generally considered safe, but some individuals may experience side effects. 4 , 9 , 16 . While baicalin and ziyuglycoside II are typically safe, some people may experience side effects. 10 , 19 . Statins can cause side effects such as muscle pain and liver problems. 7

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

Many studies emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome and a strong immune system for effectively managing rotavirus infections. 4 , 9 , 16

Differences

Different studies explore various treatment approaches and mechanisms of action. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Research suggests that probiotics, baicalin, ziyuglycoside II, Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Decoction, and statins could be effective treatments for rotavirus infections. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 However, further studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Considerations for Real-World Application

While promising treatments are emerging, it’s crucial to remember that not everyone will respond the same way. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 There’s also the possibility of side effects. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 Always consult with your doctor to determine the best treatment plan for your child. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Limitations of Current Research

Research on rotavirus infection treatments is still ongoing. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 More research is needed. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on developing more effective treatments for rotavirus infection, reducing side effects, and improving safety. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Conclusion

Rotavirus infections remain a serious health concern, especially for children in developing countries. 4 While various treatments are being explored, including probiotics, baicalin, ziyuglycoside II, and statins, 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 they are not a one-size-fits-all solution. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 Side effects can occur. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 Consult your doctor for personalized guidance on treatment options. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7 Further research is needed to develop safe and effective treatments for rotavirus infections. 4 , 10 , 19 , 12 , 7

Treatment List

Oral rehydration therapy, probiotics, baicalin, ziyuglycoside II, statins, Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Decoction.

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
25
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
0
1
1
3
25
1.

Rotavirus infections: guidelines for treatment and prevention.

Author: DesselbergerU

Rotavirus treatment
Rotavirus vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine side effects

This article provides a brief overview of rotaviruses, including their classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. It also discusses the development of rotavirus vaccines and the need for ongoing surveillance to monitor circulating strains and potential adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Advances in the development of antivirals for rotavirus infection.

Author: JiangLin, TangAo, SongLihua, TongYigang, FanHuahao

Chinese medicine potential
Probiotics helpful
Rehydration effective

Rotavirus (RV) is a significant cause of death and disease worldwide. This review discusses the RV replication cycle and explores potential therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, probiotic-assisted therapy, anti-enteric secretory drugs, Chinese medicine, and natural compounds. The review highlights the potential of Chinese medicine and natural compounds as therapeutic agents in RV treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Suppression of classical nuclear import pathway by importazole and ivermectin inhibits rotavirus replication.

Author: SarkarRakesh, BanerjeeShreya, HalderProlay, KoleyHemanta, KomotoSatoshi, Chawla-SarkarMamta

Reduced rotavirus morbidity

Rotavirus infection is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants. This study discusses the potential of targeting host factors that are essential for rotavirus replication as a strategy for developing antiviral therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

The Combined Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Tryptophan Treatment Modulates Immune and Metabolome Responses to Human Rotavirus Infection in a Human Infant Fecal Microbiota-Transplanted Malnourished Gnotobiotic Pig Model.

Author: MichaelHusheem, SrivastavaVishal, DeblaisLoic, AmimoJoshua O, ChepngenoJuliet, SaifLinda J, RajashekaraGireesh, VlasovaAnastasia N

Diarrhea reduction
Immune enhancement

This study investigated the impact of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and tryptophan (TRP) supplementation on human rotavirus (HRV) infection in malnourished piglets. EcN + TRP combination resulted in a more balanced immune response and increased protection against HRV infection and diarrhea. The study identified specific metabolites linked to this protective effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

6.

Dasabuvir Inhibits Human Norovirus Infection in Human Intestinal Enteroids.

Author: HayashiTsuyoshi, MurakamiKosuke, HiranoJunki, FujiiYoshiki, YamaokaYoko, OhashiHirofumi, WatashiKoichi, EstesMary K, MuramatsuMasamichi

Antiviral activity

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are acute viral gastroenteritis pathogens that affect all age groups. This study screened an antiviral compound library using a human intestinal enteroid (HIE) culture system to identify compounds with anti-HuNoV activity. Dasabuvir (DSB), an anti-hepatitis C virus agent, was found to inhibit HuNoV infection in HIEs at micromolar concentrations. Dasabuvir also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and human rotavirus A (RVA) infection in HIEs, highlighting the usefulness of the HIE platform for screening antiviral agents against various viruses targeting the intestines.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Statins significantly repress rotavirus replication through downregulation of cholesterol synthesis.

Author: DingShihao, YuBingting, van VuurenAnneke J

Rotavirus treatment

This study investigated the role of cholesterol biosynthesis in rotavirus replication. The study found that inhibiting cholesterol synthesis significantly reduced rotavirus replication in cell lines and human small intestinal organoids. Conversely, enhancing cholesterol production increased rotavirus replication. The findings suggest that cholesterol biosynthesis is crucial for rotavirus replication and that statin treatment could potentially be an effective anti-rotavirus strategy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Retracted PublicationCases where a publication has been formally withdrawn due to the discovery of serious errors or misconduct.

Language : English

9.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Enhances Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Ciprofloxacin-Treated Defined-Microbiota Piglet Model of Human Rotavirus Infection.

Author: MichaelHusheem, PaimFrancine C, LangelStephanie N, MiyazakiAyako, FischerDavid D, ChepngenoJuliet, AmimoJoshua, DeblaisLoic, RajashekaraGireesh, SaifLinda J, VlasovaAnastasia N

Alleviated HRV diarrhea
Increased antibody-secreting cells
Increased immunoregulatory cytokines
Modulated immune responses
Antibiotic-induced microbial imbalance

Ciprofloxacin use altered immune responses of neonatal Gn pigs, while EcN supplementation rescued these immune parameters partially or completely.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Direct evidence of the preventive effect of milk replacer-based probiotic feeding in calves against severe diarrhea.

Author: KayasakiFumi, OkagawaTomohiro, KonnaiSatoru, KoharaJunko, SajikiYamato, WatariKei, GanbaatarOtgontuya, GotoShinya, NakamuraHayato, ShimakuraHonami, MinatoErina, KobayashiAtsushi, KubotaManabu, TerasakiNobuhiro, TakedaAkira, NodaHaruka, HonmaMitsuru, MaekawaNaoya, MurataShiro, OhashiKazuhiko

Calf diarrhea prevention
Reduced enteritis severity

Fermented milk replacer (FMR) effectively prevented calf diarrhea caused by bovine rotavirus (BRV) infection. FMR reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal damage, leading to lower mortality rates and reduced medical costs in both experimental and field studies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Gegen huangqin huanglian decoction for children rotavirus enteritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: WuYifang, TuXiang, LiangXiao, ChenJing, WanXuemei, ZhangTianhong, JiangJingrong, ZhongSen

Effective diarrhea treatment

This systematic review aims to improve available evidence for the use of Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Decoction (GHHD) in treating children under 5 years old with rotavirus enteritis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

[Rotavirus gastroenteritis and its vaccination].

Author: HongL, SongY Y, TaoZ X, XuA Q, WangH T

Reduced diarrhea burden
Rotavirus prevention

This paper provides a comprehensive review of rotavirus gastroenteritis, including its etiology, epidemiology, disease burden, and vaccination strategies. The review emphasizes the importance of rotavirus vaccination to reduce the incidence and mortality of rotavirus diarrhea in infants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Chinese

16.

Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection.

Author: PaparoLorella, TripodiLorella, BrunoCristina, PisapiaLaura, DamianoCarla, PastoreLucio, Berni CananiRoberto

AGE treatment

Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a probiotic commonly used to treat acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. This study investigated the mechanisms by which a mixture of four B. clausii strains protects against Rotavirus infection in a cellular model. The strains were found to protect enterocytes, inhibit inflammation, and improve mucosal barrier function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

A cost minimization analysis of α2b-interferon supplementation in complex pharmacotherapy of rotavirus infection in newborns.

Author: SoloviovSerhii O, UbohovSerhii H, AleksandrinaTetiana A, KovaliukOlena V, DziublykIryna V, TrokhymchukViktor V, ZahoriyHlib V

Rotavirus treatment

This study found that the use of α2b-interferon in complex pharmacotherapy for newborns with suspected rotavirus infection was characterized by faster reverse development of clinical manifestations of the disease and could be cost-saving.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Effectiveness of Probiotics for Viral Gastroenteritis.

Author: AnsariFereshteh, PashazadehFariba, NourollahiElaheh, HajebrahimiSakineh, MunnZachary, PourjafarHadi

Viral gastroenteritis treatment

Probiotics demonstrated effectiveness in improving symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, shortening the duration of diarrhea and hospitalization in patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

IL-22-induced cell extrusion and IL-18-induced cell death prevent and cure rotavirus infection.

Author: ZhangZhan, ZouJun, ShiZhenda, ZhangBenyue, Etienne-MesminLucie, WangYanling, ShiXuyan, ShaoFeng, ChassaingBenoit, GewirtzAndrew T

Rotavirus treatment

This study investigated the mechanism by which IL-18 and IL-22, cytokines induced by bacterial flagellin, impede rotavirus (RV) infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

24.

The 5-HT<sub>3</sub> Receptor Affects Rotavirus-Induced Motility.

Author: HagbomMarie, HellysazArash, IstrateClaudia, NordgrenJohan, SharmaSumit, de-FariaFelipe Meira, MagnussonKarl-Eric, SvenssonLennart

Reduced diarrhea
Reduced inflammatory response
Reduced intestinal motility

This study investigates the role of the serotonin receptor subtype 3 (5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor) in rotavirus-induced diarrhea, motility, electrolyte secretion, inflammatory response, and vomiting reflex. The study demonstrates that the 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor is involved in rotavirus-induced diarrhea by promoting intestinal motility, but not in the vomiting reflex.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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